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Jesus Barrena González
University Research Institute for Sustainable Territorial Development (INTERRA), Spain

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Chapter
Published: 01 January 2021 in Handbook of Research on Novel Practices and Current Successes in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
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Navezuelas is a good example of the rural area from Inner Spain that is experiencing serious problems of depopulation (862 inhabitants in 1990 vs. 637 inhabitants in 2019) although its land surface covered by fruit trees has increased twofold since the year 2000 (from 475 ha to 886 ha). So, the authors have analyzed data from Corine Land Cover (CLC) and Official Agrarian Censuses and interviewed key agents to understand what is behind this “illogical” cause-effect relationship. The results have shown a reduction in the number of farms below 20 ha in size. Also, the number of farmers has been drastically reduced, particularly in the intervals under 34 years old and between 35 and 54. Finally, the amount of hectares utilized for agriculture has increased both by property as land tenure and by share-cropping. Some of the possible reasons for these figures given by the experts have been the mechanization within the farms and a good tendency in the price of chestnuts since it is the main fruit collected in the municipality.

ACS Style

Jesús Barrena González; Javier Lozano Parra; Jacinto Garrido Velarde; Manuel Pulido Fernández. Depopulation Means Land Abandonment? Handbook of Research on Novel Practices and Current Successes in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals 2021, 32 -45.

AMA Style

Jesús Barrena González, Javier Lozano Parra, Jacinto Garrido Velarde, Manuel Pulido Fernández. Depopulation Means Land Abandonment? Handbook of Research on Novel Practices and Current Successes in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. 2021; ():32-45.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jesús Barrena González; Javier Lozano Parra; Jacinto Garrido Velarde; Manuel Pulido Fernández. 2021. "Depopulation Means Land Abandonment?" Handbook of Research on Novel Practices and Current Successes in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals , no. : 32-45.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2021 in Handbook of Research on Novel Practices and Current Successes in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
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Semiarid ecosystems of Chile with Mediterranean climate support high demographic rates and maintain important economies associated with the productivity of the natural environment; however, they strongly depend on the water availability and their future is compromised by climate variations. This study tries to define the role of hydrological variables on the growth of herbaceous biomass under the current climate and under future weather variations. For this, the authors used meteorological stations which let them estimate the water balance at plot scale and spectral reflectance sensors which let them follow the dynamics of the NDVI of herbaceous plants. In this context, the NDVI value was about 0.7, which means approximately 3700 kg DM ha1. However, under the worst-case climate change scenarios (RCP 8.5), annual precipitation showed a reduction of up to 31.6% regarding the present period. In this situation, the NDVI could be reduced up to 80% respect to the current situation. Thus, if climate changes to its worst scenario, it could threaten the maintenance and productivity of these ecosystems.

ACS Style

Javier Lo Parra; Jacinto Garrido Velarde; Jesus Barrena González; Manuel Pulido Fernández. Ecohydrological Behavior of Semiarid Ecosystems of Chile in Present and Future Climate Scenarios. Handbook of Research on Novel Practices and Current Successes in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals 2021, 60 -74.

AMA Style

Javier Lo Parra, Jacinto Garrido Velarde, Jesus Barrena González, Manuel Pulido Fernández. Ecohydrological Behavior of Semiarid Ecosystems of Chile in Present and Future Climate Scenarios. Handbook of Research on Novel Practices and Current Successes in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. 2021; ():60-74.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Lo Parra; Jacinto Garrido Velarde; Jesus Barrena González; Manuel Pulido Fernández. 2021. "Ecohydrological Behavior of Semiarid Ecosystems of Chile in Present and Future Climate Scenarios." Handbook of Research on Novel Practices and Current Successes in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals , no. : 60-74.

Journal article
Published: 05 November 2020 in Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
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ACS Style

Manuel Pulido Fernández; Ali Keshavarzi; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino; Susanne Schnabel; Joaquín Francisco Lavado Contador; Álvaro Gómez Gutiérrez; Francisco Javier Lozano Parra; Jesús Barrena González; Alberto Alfonso Torreño; Artemi Cerdà. Developing scoring functions to assess soil quality at a regional scale in rangelands of SW Spain. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 2020, 44, 1 .

AMA Style

Manuel Pulido Fernández, Ali Keshavarzi, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino, Susanne Schnabel, Joaquín Francisco Lavado Contador, Álvaro Gómez Gutiérrez, Francisco Javier Lozano Parra, Jesús Barrena González, Alberto Alfonso Torreño, Artemi Cerdà. Developing scoring functions to assess soil quality at a regional scale in rangelands of SW Spain. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. 2020; 44 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Pulido Fernández; Ali Keshavarzi; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino; Susanne Schnabel; Joaquín Francisco Lavado Contador; Álvaro Gómez Gutiérrez; Francisco Javier Lozano Parra; Jesús Barrena González; Alberto Alfonso Torreño; Artemi Cerdà. 2020. "Developing scoring functions to assess soil quality at a regional scale in rangelands of SW Spain." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 44, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 22 August 2020 in Environments
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The main goal of this study was to identify the problems that are putting the viability of watering ponds at risk. For doing that, we have analyzed five different study cases: (I) livestock consumption, Mediterranean climate (rangelands of SW Spain), (II) multifunctional ponds (Arroyo de la Luz, Spain), (III) ecotourism (Valdepajares de Tajo, Spain), (IV) crop irrigation and fish farming, semi-arid climate (the wilaya of Ouargla, Algeria), and (V) livestock consumption, humid subtropical climate (Prudentópolis, Brazil). The identification of problems was made through surveys, personal interviews, local knowledge and literature review as well as through the analysis of water quality parameters such as the concentration of phosphates and fecal coliforms in some ponds. We have identified problems of water shortage (ca. 50% of rangeland farmers), pollution induced by agriculture (maximum values of phosphates = 1.33 mg L−1) and livestock farming (maximum value of fecal coliforms ≈ 7000 cfu mL−1), low potability for human consumption (score: 2.8/7.0), invasive species such as Azolla filiculoides (10 out of 17 watering ponds), high water temperature for aquaculture in summer (Algeria) and the increase of turbidity in nearby water courses due to the actions of free-fattening pigs (Brazil), among many other problems. We conclude an extra effort by stakeholders is still needed in order to agree mitigation strategies.

ACS Style

Manuel Pulido; Alberto Alfonso-Torreño; Jesús Barrena-González; Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Mohamed Amine Abdennour. Identifying Problems in Watering Ponds with Different Purposes. Environments 2020, 7, 63 .

AMA Style

Manuel Pulido, Alberto Alfonso-Torreño, Jesús Barrena-González, Rafael Robina-Ramírez, Mohamed Amine Abdennour. Identifying Problems in Watering Ponds with Different Purposes. Environments. 2020; 7 (9):63.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Pulido; Alberto Alfonso-Torreño; Jesús Barrena-González; Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Mohamed Amine Abdennour. 2020. "Identifying Problems in Watering Ponds with Different Purposes." Environments 7, no. 9: 63.

Journal article
Published: 02 June 2020 in Forests
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Forests, including their soils, play an important role since they represent a large reservoir of biodiversity. Current studies show that the diversity of soil fauna provides multiple ecosystem functions and services across biomes. However, anthropogenic practices often pose a threat to soil fauna because of changes in land use and soil mismanagement. In these terms, rangelands in the southwest of Spain present several problems of soil degradation related to livestock activity and soil erosion, the intensity of which compromises the soil fauna’s functions in the ecosystem. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the response of community metrics and the spatial distribution of soil microarthropods to livestock activity and vegetation in such ecosystems. A photo interpretation analysis of an experimental catchment used as a study area was developed to identify and classify the intensity of livestock pressure. A total of 150 soil samples were collected throughout 2018. Soil biological (CO2 efflux) and physical-chemical parameters (pH, bulk density, organic matter, and water contents), and such meteorological variables as precipitation, temperature, and evapotranspiration were considered as variables affecting the composition of microarthropod communities in terms of taxa diversity, abundances, and their adaptation to soil environment (evaluated by QBS-ar index). Results showed higher abundance of microarthropods and higher adaptation to soil environment outside the influence of trees rather than beneath tree canopies. Moreover, the classification of livestock pressure revealed by the photo interpretation analysis showed low correlations with community structure, as well as with the occurrence of well-adapted microarthropod groups that were found less frequently in areas with evidence of intense livestock activity. Furthermore, abundances and adaptations followed different spatial patterns. Due to future climate changes and increasing anthropogenic pressure, it is necessary to continue the study of soil fauna communities to determine their degree of sensitivity to such changes.

ACS Style

Carlos Lozano Fondón; Jesús Barrena-González; Manuel Pulido Fernández; Sara Remelli; Javier Lozano-Parra; Cristina Menta. Effects of Livestock Pressure and Vegetation Cover on the Spatial and Temporal Structure of Soil Microarthropod Communities in Iberian Rangelands. Forests 2020, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Carlos Lozano Fondón, Jesús Barrena-González, Manuel Pulido Fernández, Sara Remelli, Javier Lozano-Parra, Cristina Menta. Effects of Livestock Pressure and Vegetation Cover on the Spatial and Temporal Structure of Soil Microarthropod Communities in Iberian Rangelands. Forests. 2020; 11 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Lozano Fondón; Jesús Barrena-González; Manuel Pulido Fernández; Sara Remelli; Javier Lozano-Parra; Cristina Menta. 2020. "Effects of Livestock Pressure and Vegetation Cover on the Spatial and Temporal Structure of Soil Microarthropod Communities in Iberian Rangelands." Forests 11, no. 6: 1.

Journal article
Published: 23 March 2020 in Land
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Spain is one of the largest wine producers in the world, with Extremadura (south-west Spain) being its second-largest producing region after Castilla La Mancha. Within Extremadura, the most traditional and productive viticulture region is the Tierra de Barros, which boasts an annual production of 3×106 litres. However, no soil erosion assessment has been undertaken in any vineyard in the region to ascertain environmental sustainability. Therefore, the Improved Stock Unearthing Method (ISUM) and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) were applied to assess the long-term soil erosion rates. Both methods were applied using an experimental plot (2.8 m × 148.5 m) encompassing 99 paired vines in a 20-year-old vineyard under a tillage management system and on bare soils throughout the year. The ISUM and RUSLE found total soil mobilization values of 45.7 Mg ha−1 yr−1 and 17.4 Mg ha−1 yr−1, respectively, a difference of about 5 times. Mapping techniques showed that soil surface declined to an average of −6.2 cm, with maximum values of −28 cm. The highest values of soil depletion were mainly observed in the upper part and the form of linear features following the hillslope direction. On the other hand, under the vines, the soil surface level showed accumulations of up to +2.37 cm due to tillage practices. Our study demonstrated the potential of high soil erosion rates occurring in conventional vineyards managed with tillage in the inter-row areas and herbicides under the vines within the Tierra de Barros. Also, we demonstrated the elevated differences in soil mobilisation rates using the ISUM and RUSLE. Therefore, further research must be conducted in other vineyards to determine the suitability of the models for assessing soil erosion rates. Undoubtedly, soil conservation measures must be designed and applied immediately due to high erosion rates.

ACS Style

Jesús Barrena-González; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino; Yeboah Gyasi-Agyei; Manuel Pulido Fernández; Artemi Cerdà. Applying the RUSLE and ISUM in the Tierra de Barros Vineyards (Extremadura, Spain) to Estimate Soil Mobilisation Rates. Land 2020, 9, 93 .

AMA Style

Jesús Barrena-González, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino, Yeboah Gyasi-Agyei, Manuel Pulido Fernández, Artemi Cerdà. Applying the RUSLE and ISUM in the Tierra de Barros Vineyards (Extremadura, Spain) to Estimate Soil Mobilisation Rates. Land. 2020; 9 (3):93.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jesús Barrena-González; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino; Yeboah Gyasi-Agyei; Manuel Pulido Fernández; Artemi Cerdà. 2020. "Applying the RUSLE and ISUM in the Tierra de Barros Vineyards (Extremadura, Spain) to Estimate Soil Mobilisation Rates." Land 9, no. 3: 93.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2019 in Water
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Water is a key strategic resource, particularly in Mediterranean climate-type areas with impermeable rocks and shallow soils like Southwestern Spain. The region of Extremadura is commonly known by its large surface occupied by big dams (30% of water dammed in Spain) although this theoretical abundance of water does not hide other problems of use. In this study, we have interviewed 132 people from the municipality of Arroyo de San Serván in order to know what the problems related to water use are, especially those that concern local people the most. Regarding the use of water at home, 90% of interviewees spend less than 60 EUR per month for water and their mean degree of satisfaction about the service is 3.7 out of 7. The reason for this low value can be the excessive content of calcium and bad taste according to 82.1%. Therefore, 64.2% of people do not usually drink water from the tap. Around two thirds of these local people usually buy water in the supermarket or drink filtered water. Concerning agricultural activities, local people gave great importance to irrigation as a source of employment (5.6/7) and inputs (4.5/7), although their satisfaction decreases about the current price of water for agriculture (0.02 EUR m−3). In addition, they are really worried about the overuse of fertilizers and herbicides (5.4/7) and they think about the necessity of taking measures to reduce these problems (6.1/7) as well as to reduce some management problems such as supply cuts. In the last few years, private (swimming pools) and public leisure facilities (swimming pool and spa) have been built in spite of not being considered important by local people (3.6–4.0/7). Nevertheless, about 60% of them consider these common facilities very positive in terms of employment, tourism attractions and entertainment for local people.

ACS Style

Manuel Pulido; Jesús Barrena-González; Alberto Alfonso-Torreño; Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Saskia Keesstra. The Problem of Water Use in Rural Areas of Southwestern Spain: A Local Perspective. Water 2019, 11, 1311 .

AMA Style

Manuel Pulido, Jesús Barrena-González, Alberto Alfonso-Torreño, Rafael Robina-Ramírez, Saskia Keesstra. The Problem of Water Use in Rural Areas of Southwestern Spain: A Local Perspective. Water. 2019; 11 (6):1311.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Pulido; Jesús Barrena-González; Alberto Alfonso-Torreño; Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Saskia Keesstra. 2019. "The Problem of Water Use in Rural Areas of Southwestern Spain: A Local Perspective." Water 11, no. 6: 1311.

Abstract
Published: 01 January 2019 in Proceedings
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The municipality of Navezuelas (Cáceres, Spain) is regionally known for the cultivation of chestnut trees on steep slopes, which form a landscape of bocage dominated by small farms (family property). Nowadays, this traditional system is endangered, on one hand, as consequence of ageing, depopulation and land abandonment, and on the other hand, due to the reduction of rainfall, tree diseases and changes in land management that are provoking land degradation processes little studied so far. Soil erosion is probably the most important process since farmers need to keep large patches of bare soil (particularly beneath the trees) in autumn in order to facilitate the collection of chestnuts from the ground. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to study soil erosion in chestnut tree farms aimed at verifying whether it is a remarkable process. To achieve this goal, 18 erosion plots (≈2 m2 in size) were installed to quantify soil and water losses in paired plots (open vs. tree) within a farm of 5 ha with chestnut trees planted in different times (1960s vs. 1990s). Total rainfall per event, runoff coefficient, the percentage of bare soil and tree cover and the concentration of sediments were quantified after each significant event in each plot during the whole hydrologic year 2017/2018. The results showed average values of bare soil above 50% during the harvesting (October–November) and above 40% in winter when sheep were introduced to eat the remains of the harvest. Tree cover followed a natural cycle of deciduous trees excepting an occasional pruning. Regarding soil erosion the highest rates were observed in open spaces within the part of the farm with younger trees (av. 57.1 g m-2 yr-1, range: 35.6–87.3 g m-2 yr-2) and the lowest one beneath the trees within the part with older trees (av. 3.4 g m-2 yr-2, range: 0.4–22.7 g m-2 yr-2). In fact, the highest single valued quantified was 67.2 g m-2 in an event of 37.5 l m-2 in October (≈100% bare soil). Obviously, these erosion rates were positively correlated with the runoff coefficient (r: 0.755, p < 0.001) that averaged 8.5% in the open spaces near the youngest trees. Our findings suggest soil erosion is not a problematic process yet in Navezuelas and confirm the protector effect of trees avoiding soil erosion. Nevertheless, they are only preliminary results measured during a relative dry year (626.9 l m-2, ≈60% out of a normal year).

ACS Style

Manuel Pulido Fernández; Artemi Cerdà; Jesús Barrena González; Susanne Schnabel; Mohamed Amine Abdennour. Soil Erosion in Endangered Chestnut Tree Farms of Rural Areas (Navezuelas, Cáceres, Spain). Proceedings 2019, 30, 32 .

AMA Style

Manuel Pulido Fernández, Artemi Cerdà, Jesús Barrena González, Susanne Schnabel, Mohamed Amine Abdennour. Soil Erosion in Endangered Chestnut Tree Farms of Rural Areas (Navezuelas, Cáceres, Spain). Proceedings. 2019; 30 (1):32.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Pulido Fernández; Artemi Cerdà; Jesús Barrena González; Susanne Schnabel; Mohamed Amine Abdennour. 2019. "Soil Erosion in Endangered Chestnut Tree Farms of Rural Areas (Navezuelas, Cáceres, Spain)." Proceedings 30, no. 1: 32.

Abstract
Published: 01 January 2019 in Proceedings
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Rangeland (known as Dehesas or Montados) is a characteristic ecosystem of the southwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula that occupies approximately 3.5 million ha, representing the most important agrosilvopastoral system in Europe. Nowadays, this situation is changing, being under circumstances of threat due to different aspects that are causing degradation of holm oaks and cork oaks throughout the Iberian Peninsula. These problems are of various kinds, accentuating the disease or syndrome of seca, tree death caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. For the development of death susceptibility models, maximum entropy algorithms (MAXENT) were used, often widely used in ecological niche models. In the development of models, a wide range of variables (dependents and predictive), both climatic or bioclimatic, geological or soil, vegetation and economic and geographical characteristics were used. The study was carried out at two scales, the Autonomous Community of Extremadura in its entirety, and another more specific work scale, such as seca focus in protected natural areas within the Natura 2000 Network. The regional model showed a total of 1,179,639 ha prone to be affected by this condition, among which, 383,339 ha showed a high potential risk level of seca presence. These models, carried out at local scale in 4 polygons selected within the Natura 2000 Network, showed more than 70% of the land surface studied as areas with risk of suffering seca.

ACS Style

Álvaro Tejeda-Corvillo; Jesús Barrena-González; Joaquín Francisco Lavado-Contador; Alberto Alfonso-Torreño; Álvaro Gómez-Gutiérrez; Manuel Pulido-Fernández. Spatial Models Predictive of “Seca” Risk in Extremadura. Applications at Regional and Local Scale in Protected Natural Areas. Proceedings 2019, 30, 58 .

AMA Style

Álvaro Tejeda-Corvillo, Jesús Barrena-González, Joaquín Francisco Lavado-Contador, Alberto Alfonso-Torreño, Álvaro Gómez-Gutiérrez, Manuel Pulido-Fernández. Spatial Models Predictive of “Seca” Risk in Extremadura. Applications at Regional and Local Scale in Protected Natural Areas. Proceedings. 2019; 30 (1):58.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Álvaro Tejeda-Corvillo; Jesús Barrena-González; Joaquín Francisco Lavado-Contador; Alberto Alfonso-Torreño; Álvaro Gómez-Gutiérrez; Manuel Pulido-Fernández. 2019. "Spatial Models Predictive of “Seca” Risk in Extremadura. Applications at Regional and Local Scale in Protected Natural Areas." Proceedings 30, no. 1: 58.

Abstract
Published: 01 January 2019 in Proceedings
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Some issues remain still unclear in the studies related to soil erosion in vineyards: (i) the accuracy of the measures; (ii) the standardization of the procedures; and, (iii) the huge amount of viticultural areas that are not still measured. In this investigation, we will show research in a non-studied viticultural region using a standard procedure before tested in other vineyards (ISUM -Improved Stock Unearthing Method-), testing different plot sizes and a number of measures. We will estimate soil loss rates in the Tierra de Barros (Extremadura, SW Spain) using the graft union of the vines as a passive biomarker of the soil surface level changes and extra-measures in the inter-row areas. For this study case, for the first time, ISUM was applied to three inter-row and four rows in order to confirm how many points and transects must be measured.

ACS Style

Jesús Barrena-González; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino; Manuel Pulido; Artemi Cerdà. How Important Is the Number of Points and Plot Size for Estimating Soil Erosion in Vineyards? Proceedings 2019, 30, 29 .

AMA Style

Jesús Barrena-González, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino, Manuel Pulido, Artemi Cerdà. How Important Is the Number of Points and Plot Size for Estimating Soil Erosion in Vineyards? Proceedings. 2019; 30 (1):29.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jesús Barrena-González; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino; Manuel Pulido; Artemi Cerdà. 2019. "How Important Is the Number of Points and Plot Size for Estimating Soil Erosion in Vineyards?" Proceedings 30, no. 1: 29.