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Lin Huang
Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, China

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Research articles
Published: 13 April 2021 in Journal of Geographical Sciences
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Being a key ecological security barrier and production base for grassland animal husbandry in China, the balance between grassland forage supply and livestock-carrying pressure in North China directly affects grassland degradation and restoration, thereby impacting grassland ecosystem services. This paper analyzes the spatiotemporal variation in grassland vegetation coverage, forage supply, and the balance between grassland forage supply and livestock-carrying pressure from 2000 to 2015 in North China. We then discuss the spatial pattern of grassland ecological conservation under the impacts of grassland degradation and restoration, and livestock-carrying pressure. Over the last 16 years, the total grassland area in North China decreased by about 16,000 km2, with vegetation coverage degraded by 6.7% of the grasslands but significantly restored by another 5.4% of grasslands. The provisioning of forage by natural grassland mainly increased over time, with an annual growth rate of approximately 0.3 kg/ha, but livestock-carrying pressure also increased continuously. The livestock-carrying pressure index without any supplementary feeding reached as high as 3.8. Apart from the potential livestock-carrying capacity in northeastern Inner Mongolia and the central Tibetan Plateau, most regions in North China are currently overloaded. Considering the actual supplementary feeding during the cold season, the livestock-carrying pressure index is about 3.1, with the livestock-carrying pressure mitigated in central and eastern Inner Mongolia. Assuming full supplementary feeding in the cold season, livestock-carrying pressure index will fall to 1.9, with the livestock-carrying pressure alleviated significantly in Inner Mongolia and on the Tibetan Plateau. Finally, we propose different conservation and development strategies to balance grassland ecological conservation and animal husbandry production in different regions of protected areas, pastoral areas, farming-pastoral ecotone, and farming areas, according to the grassland ecological protection patterns.

ACS Style

Lin Huang; Jia Ning; Ping Zhu; Yuhan Zheng; Jun Zhai. The conservation patterns of grassland ecosystem in response to the forage-livestock balance in North China. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021, 31, 518 -534.

AMA Style

Lin Huang, Jia Ning, Ping Zhu, Yuhan Zheng, Jun Zhai. The conservation patterns of grassland ecosystem in response to the forage-livestock balance in North China. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2021; 31 (4):518-534.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin Huang; Jia Ning; Ping Zhu; Yuhan Zheng; Jun Zhai. 2021. "The conservation patterns of grassland ecosystem in response to the forage-livestock balance in North China." Journal of Geographical Sciences 31, no. 4: 518-534.

Journal article
Published: 23 November 2019 in Sustainability
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Protected areas (PAs) provide refuges for threatened species and are considered to be the most important approach to biodiversity conservation. Besides climate change, increasing human population is the biggest threat to biodiversity and habitats in PAs. In this paper, the temporal and spatial variations of land cover changes (LCC), vegetation fraction (VFC), and net primary productivity (NPP) were studied to present the ecosystem dynamics of habitats in 6 different types of national nature reserves (NNRs) in 8 climate zones in China. Furthermore, we used Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime light datasets and the human disturbance (HD) index estimated from LCC to quantify the living and developing human pressures within the NNRs in the period 2000–2013. The results showed that (1) the living human activities of NNRs increased apparently in the humid warm-temperate zone, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, mid-temperate semi-arid zone, and mid-temperate humid zone, with the highest increase of nighttime light observed in inland wetlands; (2) the developing human activities in NNRs indicated by the HD index were higher in the humid warm-temperate zone and mid-temperate semi-arid zone as a result of increasing areas of agricultural and built activities, and lower in the sub-tropics due to improved conservation of forest ecosystems; (3) the relationship between HD and VFC suggests that ecosystems in most NNRs of south-subtropics, mid-temperate arid zone and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were predominantly impacted by climate change. However, HDs were the prevalent factor of ecosystem dynamics in most NNRs of north-subtropics, mid-temperate semi-arid and humid zones.

ACS Style

Ping Zhu; Wei Cao; Lin Huang; Tong Xiao; Jun Zhai. The Impacts of Human Activities on Ecosystems within China’s Nature Reserves. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6629 .

AMA Style

Ping Zhu, Wei Cao, Lin Huang, Tong Xiao, Jun Zhai. The Impacts of Human Activities on Ecosystems within China’s Nature Reserves. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (23):6629.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ping Zhu; Wei Cao; Lin Huang; Tong Xiao; Jun Zhai. 2019. "The Impacts of Human Activities on Ecosystems within China’s Nature Reserves." Sustainability 11, no. 23: 6629.

Journal article
Published: 21 March 2019 in Sustainability
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Livestock grazing is an important determinant of species diversity and plant growth. Overgrazing is identified as one of the most important disturbances resulting in grassland degradation. Although many restoration practices have been implemented, grazing exclusion is one of the most effective methods to restore degraded grasslands. We explored the impact of five years of grazing exclusion on plant growth and species diversity in four types of grasslands: temperate steppe (TS), swamp meadow (SM), alpine steppe (AS), and alpine meadow (AM). Our results showed that grazing exclusion increased plant height, coverage, biomass, and species diversity in all four grasslands. The aboveground biomass in AM (180.8%), TS (117.3%), and SW (105.9%) increased significantly more than AS (10.1%). Grazing exclusion in AM had the greatest effect on proportion of palatable species, and the increase in palatable species in AM was higher than that of the other grassland types significantly. Species diversity increased significantly within the enclosure in SM (23.9%) and AM (20.8%). Our results indicate that grazing exclusion is an effective management strategy to restore degraded grasslands and it works best in alpine meadow. This study contributes to the growing theoretical basis for grassland management strategies and has a significant effect on sustainable development for grassland resources and pastoral areas.

ACS Style

Suizi Wang; Jiangwen Fan; Yuzhe Li; Lin Huang. Effects of Grazing Exclusion on Biomass Growth and Species Diversity among Various Grassland Types of the Tibetan Plateau. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1705 .

AMA Style

Suizi Wang, Jiangwen Fan, Yuzhe Li, Lin Huang. Effects of Grazing Exclusion on Biomass Growth and Species Diversity among Various Grassland Types of the Tibetan Plateau. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (6):1705.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suizi Wang; Jiangwen Fan; Yuzhe Li; Lin Huang. 2019. "Effects of Grazing Exclusion on Biomass Growth and Species Diversity among Various Grassland Types of the Tibetan Plateau." Sustainability 11, no. 6: 1705.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Journal of Climate
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Land-use changes (LUCs) strongly influence regional climates through both the biogeochemical and biogeophysical processes. However, many studies have ignored the biogeophysical processes, which in some cases can offset the biogeochemical impacts. We integrated the field observations, satellite-retrieved data, and a conceptual land surface energy balance model to provide new evidence to fill our knowledge gap concerning how regional warming or cooling is affected by the three main types of LUCs (afforestation, cropland expansion, and urbanization) in different climate zones of China. According to our analyses, similar LUCs presented varied, even reverse, biogeophysical forcing on local temperatures across different climate regimes. Afforestation in arid and semiarid regions has caused increased net radiation that has typically outweighed increased latent evapotranspiration, thus warming has been the net biogeophysical effect. However, it has resulted in cooling in subtropical zones because the increase in net radiation has been exceeded by the increase in latent evapotranspiration. Cropland expansion has decreased the net radiation more than latent evapotranspiration, which has resulted in biogeophysical cooling in arid and semiarid regions. Conversely, it has caused warming in subtropical zones as a result of increases in net radiation and decreases in latent evapotranspiration. In all climatic regions, the net biogeophysical effects of urbanization have generally resulted in more or less warming because urbanization has led to smaller net radiation decreases than latent evapotranspiration. This study reinforces the need to adjust land-use policies to consider biogeophysical effects across different climate regimes and to adapt to and mitigate climate change.

ACS Style

L. Huang; J. Zhai; C. Y. Sun; J. Y. Liu; J. Ning; G.S. Zhao. Biogeophysical Forcing of Land-Use Changes on Local Temperatures across Different Climate Regimes in China. Journal of Climate 2018, 31, 7053 -7068.

AMA Style

L. Huang, J. Zhai, C. Y. Sun, J. Y. Liu, J. Ning, G.S. Zhao. Biogeophysical Forcing of Land-Use Changes on Local Temperatures across Different Climate Regimes in China. Journal of Climate. 2018; 31 (17):7053-7068.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. Huang; J. Zhai; C. Y. Sun; J. Y. Liu; J. Ning; G.S. Zhao. 2018. "Biogeophysical Forcing of Land-Use Changes on Local Temperatures across Different Climate Regimes in China." Journal of Climate 31, no. 17: 7053-7068.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Journal of Environmental Management
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The maintenance and improvement of ecosystem services on the Tibet Plateau are critical for national ecological security in China and are core objectives of ecological conservation in this region. In this paper, ecosystem service benefits of the Tibet Ecological Conservation Project were comprehensively assessed by estimating and mapping the spatiotemporal variation patterns of critical ecosystem services on the Tibet Plateau from 2000 to 2015. Furthermore, we linked the benefit assessment to the sustainable spatial planning of future ecological conservation strategies. Comparing the 8 years before and after the project, the water retention and carbon sink services of the forest, grassland and wetland ecosystems were slightly increased after the project, and the ecosystem sand fixation service has been steadily enhanced. The increasing forage supply service of grassland significantly reduced the grassland carrying pressure and eased the conflict between grassland and livestock. However, enhanced rainfall erosivity occurred due to increased rainfall, and root-layer soils could not recover in a short period of time, both factors have led to a decline in soil conservation service. The warm and humid climate is beneficial for the restoration of ecosystems on the Tibet Plateau, and the implementation of the Tibet Ecological Conservation Project has had a positive effect on the local improvement of ecosystem services. A new spatial planning strategy for ecological conservation was introduced and aims to establish a comprehensive, nationwide system to protect important natural ecosystems and wildlife, and to promote the sustainable use of natural resources.

ACS Style

Lin Huang; Wei Cao; Xinliang Xu; Jiangwen Fan; Junbang Wang. Linking the benefits of ecosystem services to sustainable spatial planning of ecological conservation strategies. Journal of Environmental Management 2018, 222, 385 -395.

AMA Style

Lin Huang, Wei Cao, Xinliang Xu, Jiangwen Fan, Junbang Wang. Linking the benefits of ecosystem services to sustainable spatial planning of ecological conservation strategies. Journal of Environmental Management. 2018; 222 ():385-395.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin Huang; Wei Cao; Xinliang Xu; Jiangwen Fan; Junbang Wang. 2018. "Linking the benefits of ecosystem services to sustainable spatial planning of ecological conservation strategies." Journal of Environmental Management 222, no. : 385-395.

Article
Published: 14 April 2018 in Journal of Geographical Sciences
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Until 2015, China had established 2740 nature reserves with a total area of 1.47 million km2, covering 14.8% of China’s terrestrial land surface. Based on remote sensing inversion, ecological model simulation and spatial analysis methods, we analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of fractional vegetation coverage (FVC), net primary production (NPP), and human disturbance (HD) in habitats of typical national nature reserves (NNRs) during the first 15 years of the 21st century from 2000 to 2015. And then the three indicators were compared between different NNR types and varied climate zones. The results showed that (1) the average 5-year FVC of NNRs increased from 36.3% to 37.1%, and it improved in all types of NNRs to some extent. The annual average FVC increased by 0.11%, 0.84%, 0.21%, 0.09%, 0.11% and 0.08% in NNRs of forest ecosystem, plain meadow, inland wetland, desert ecosystem, wild animal and wild plant, respectively. (2) The NPP annually increased by 2.06 g·m-2, 1.23 g·m-2, 0.28 g·m-2 and 0.4 g·m-2 in NNRs of plain meadow, inland wetland, desert ecosystem and wild animal, respectively. However, it decreased by 3.45 g·m-2 and 2.35 g·m-2 in NNRs of forest ecosystem and wild plant respectively. (3) In the past 15 years, besides the slight decreases in the NNRs located at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the south subtropical zone, HD enhanced in most of NNRs, especially HD in the warm temperate humid zone increased from 4.7% to 5.35%.

ACS Style

Ping Zhu; Lin Huang; Tong Xiao; Junbang Wang. Dynamic changes of habitats in China’s typical national nature reserves on spatial and temporal scales. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2018, 28, 778 -790.

AMA Style

Ping Zhu, Lin Huang, Tong Xiao, Junbang Wang. Dynamic changes of habitats in China’s typical national nature reserves on spatial and temporal scales. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2018; 28 (6):778-790.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ping Zhu; Lin Huang; Tong Xiao; Junbang Wang. 2018. "Dynamic changes of habitats in China’s typical national nature reserves on spatial and temporal scales." Journal of Geographical Sciences 28, no. 6: 778-790.

Article
Published: 28 December 2017 in Journal of Geographical Sciences
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China’s investments, financial incentives and deductions in terms of ecological conservation are based at the county level. Therefore, the monitoring and assessment of the effects of ecological conservation at the county level is important to provide a scientific basis for the assessment of the ecological and environmental quality at the county scale. This paper quantitatively estimated the dynamics of high-quality ecosystems and vegetation coverage over the past 15 years, and their relationships with the number of ecological conservation programs at the county level were analyzed. Then, the effects of ecological conservation measures on ecological changes at the county level and their regional suitability were assessed and discussed. The results showed that counties with a percentage of high-quality ecosystems greater than 50% were primarily distributed in northeastern China, southern subtropical China and the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and those with a percentage lower than 20% were mostly distributed in northwestern China, the southwestern karst region and the North China Plain. In recent decades, ecological conservation has focused on ecologically fragile regions; more than five ecological conservation programs have been implemented in most counties of the Three River Source Region in Qinghai Province, southeastern Tibet, western Sichuan, the Qilian Mountains, southern Xinjiang and other western regions, while only one or zero have been implemented in the eastern coastal area of China. Over the past 15 years, the proportional area of high-quality ecosystems has increased in approximately 53% of counties. The vegetation coverage of counties in the Loess Plateau, Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji), Sichuan-Guizhou-Chongqing, and Guangdong-Guangxi provincial-level areas has increased significantly. However, it decreased in northern Xinjiang, central Tibet, central and eastern Inner Mongolia, the Yangtze River Delta and other regions. The relationships between the numbers of ecological conservation programs and the indicators of ecosystem restoration response, such as high-quality ecosystem and vegetation coverage, do not show positive correlations. These results suggest that ecological conservation programs should be planned and implemented according to the distribution patterns of high-quality ecosystems and that restoration measures such as afforestation should follow natural principles and regional differentiation under the background of climate change.

ACS Style

Lin Huang; Yuhan Zheng; Tong Xiao. Regional differentiation of ecological conservation and its zonal suitability at the county level in China. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017, 28, 46 -58.

AMA Style

Lin Huang, Yuhan Zheng, Tong Xiao. Regional differentiation of ecological conservation and its zonal suitability at the county level in China. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2017; 28 (1):46-58.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin Huang; Yuhan Zheng; Tong Xiao. 2017. "Regional differentiation of ecological conservation and its zonal suitability at the county level in China." Journal of Geographical Sciences 28, no. 1: 46-58.

Article
Published: 15 December 2016 in Journal of Geographical Sciences
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The first-stage of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region (TRSR), China, has been in progress for eight years. However, because the ecological effects of this project remain unknown, decision making for future project implementation is hindered. Thus, in this study, we developed an index system to evaluate the effects of the ecological restoration project, by integrating field observations, remote sensing, and process-based models. Effects were assessed using trend analyses of ecosystem structures and services. Results showed positive trends in the TRSR since the beginning of the project, but not yet a return to the optima of the 1970s. Specifically, while continued degradation in grassland has been initially contained, results are still far from the desired objective, ‘grassland coverage increasing by an average of 20%–40%’. In contrast, wetlands and water bodies have generally been restored, while the water conservation and water supply capacity of watersheds have increased. Indeed, the volume of water conservation achieved in the project meets the objective of a 1.32 billion m3 increase. The effects of ecological restoration inside project regions was more significant than outside, and, in addition to climate change projects, we concluded that the implementation of ecological conservation and restoration projects has substantially contributed to vegetation restoration. Nevertheless, the degradation of grasslands has not been fundamentally reversed, and to date the project has not prevented increasing soil erosion. In sum, the effects and challenges of this first-stage project highlight the necessity of continuous and long-term ecosystem conservation efforts in this region.

ACS Style

Quanqin Shao; Wei Cao; Jiangwen Fan; Lin Huang; Xinliang Xu. Effects of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region, China. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2016, 27, 183 -204.

AMA Style

Quanqin Shao, Wei Cao, Jiangwen Fan, Lin Huang, Xinliang Xu. Effects of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region, China. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2016; 27 (2):183-204.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Quanqin Shao; Wei Cao; Jiangwen Fan; Lin Huang; Xinliang Xu. 2016. "Effects of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region, China." Journal of Geographical Sciences 27, no. 2: 183-204.

Article
Published: 30 June 2016 in Journal of Geographical Sciences
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Land use and land cover change (LULCC) strongly influence regional and global climate by combining both biochemical and biophysical processes. However, the biophysical process was often ignored, which may offset the biogeochemical effects, so measures to address climate change could not reach the target. Thus, the biophysical influence of LULCC is critical for understanding observed climate changes in the past and potential scenarios in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the mechanisms and effects of large-scale LULCC on climate change through changing the underlying surface, and thus the energy balance. The key scientific issues on understanding the impacts of human activities on global climate that must be addressed including: (1) what are the basic scientific facts of spatial and temporal variations of LULCC in China and comparative countries? (2) How to understand the coupling driving mechanisms of human activities and climate change on the LULCC and then to forecasting the future scenarios? (3) What are the scientific mechanisms of LULCC impacts on biophysical processes of land surface, and then the climate? (4) How to estimate the contributions of LULCC to climate change by affecting biophysical processes of land surface? By international comparison, the impacts of LULCC on climate change at the local, regional and global scales were revealed and evaluated. It can provide theoretical basis for the global change, and have great significance to mitigate and adapt to global climate changes.

ACS Style

Jiyuan Liu; Quanqin Shao; Xiaodong Yan; Jiangwen Fan; Jinyan Zhan; Xiangzheng Deng; Wenhui Kuang; Lin Huang. The climatic impacts of land use and land cover change compared among countries. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2016, 26, 889 -903.

AMA Style

Jiyuan Liu, Quanqin Shao, Xiaodong Yan, Jiangwen Fan, Jinyan Zhan, Xiangzheng Deng, Wenhui Kuang, Lin Huang. The climatic impacts of land use and land cover change compared among countries. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2016; 26 (7):889-903.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiyuan Liu; Quanqin Shao; Xiaodong Yan; Jiangwen Fan; Jinyan Zhan; Xiangzheng Deng; Wenhui Kuang; Lin Huang. 2016. "The climatic impacts of land use and land cover change compared among countries." Journal of Geographical Sciences 26, no. 7: 889-903.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2015 in Remote Sensing
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A large decrease in the land surface albedo of the Loess Plateau was observed from 2000 to 2010, as measured using satellite imagery. In particular, ecological restoration program regions experienced a decrease in peak season land surface albedo exceeding 0.05. In this study, we examined the spatial and temporal patterns of variation during the peak season albedo in the Loess Plateau and analyzed its relationships with changes of anthropogenic and natural factors at the pixel level. Our analysis revealed that increasing grassland coverage due to returning rangeland to grassland could lead to a maximum albedo decrease of 0.030 in peak season. This result highlighted the human-induced land use change in driving the decreasing albedo on an annual scale. There was no significant correlation between precipitation change and albedo reduction. Precipitation could influence the spatial pattern of albedo in drought years by influencing the natural vegetation water requirement. However, the role of precipitation was not obvious in the ecological restoration program regions. This article demonstrates the substantial role that land use change could play in regional-scale albedo change and climate. Finally, some implications for the radiative forcing of land use change are discussed.

ACS Style

Jun Zhai; Ronggao Liu; Jiyuan Liu; Lin Huang; Yuanwei Qin. Human-Induced Landcover Changes Drive a Diminution of Land Surface Albedo in the Loess Plateau (China). Remote Sensing 2015, 7, 2926 -2941.

AMA Style

Jun Zhai, Ronggao Liu, Jiyuan Liu, Lin Huang, Yuanwei Qin. Human-Induced Landcover Changes Drive a Diminution of Land Surface Albedo in the Loess Plateau (China). Remote Sensing. 2015; 7 (3):2926-2941.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jun Zhai; Ronggao Liu; Jiyuan Liu; Lin Huang; Yuanwei Qin. 2015. "Human-Induced Landcover Changes Drive a Diminution of Land Surface Albedo in the Loess Plateau (China)." Remote Sensing 7, no. 3: 2926-2941.