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Prof. Dr. Tomasz Tuzimski
Medical University of Lublin (MUL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chair of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, 4A Chodźki Street, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Method Development and Validation
0 Theory and application of liquid chromatography
0 Modern extraction techniques (eg., QuEChERS)
0 Detection techniques (DAD, FLD, MS, MS/MS)
0 Optimisation of chromatographic systems for separation and quantitative analysis of xenobiotics and others (multicomponent mixtures) in food, environmental and biological samples

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Journal article
Published: 14 August 2021 in Molecules
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In this study, we propose a simple, cost-effective, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) for the simultaneous determination of seven bisphenols (bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol B (BPB), BADGE (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether), BADGE∙2H2O, BADGE∙H2O, BADGE∙2HCl) in human breast milk samples. The dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) coupled with solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure performed well for the majority of the analytes with recoveries in the range 57–88% and relative standard deviations (RSD%) of less than 9.4%. During the d-SPE stage, no significant matrix effect was observed thanks to the application of different pairs of salts such as zirconium-dioxide-based sorbents (Z-Sep or Z-Sep +) and primary secondary amine (PSA) or QuEChERS Enhanced Matrix Removal-Lipid (EMR-Lipid) and PSA. The method limits of quantification (mLOQs) for all investigated analytes were set at satisfactory low values in the range 171.89–235.11 ng mL−1. Analyte concentrations were determined as the average value from human breast milk matrix samples. The results show that the d-SPE/SPE procedure, especially with the application of EMR-Lipid and PSA, could be used for further bisphenol analyses in human breast milk samples.

ACS Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Szymon Szubartowski. Application of d-SPE before SPE and HPLC-FLD to Analyze Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples. Molecules 2021, 26, 4930 .

AMA Style

Tomasz Tuzimski, Szymon Szubartowski. Application of d-SPE before SPE and HPLC-FLD to Analyze Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples. Molecules. 2021; 26 (16):4930.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Szymon Szubartowski. 2021. "Application of d-SPE before SPE and HPLC-FLD to Analyze Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples." Molecules 26, no. 16: 4930.

Journal article
Published: 20 March 2021 in Molecules
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Melanoma is an enormous global health burden, and should be effectively addressed with better therapeutic strategies. Therefore, new therapeutic agents are needed for the management of this disease. The aim of this study was the investigation of cytotoxic activity of some isoquinoline alkaloid standards and extracts obtained from Sanguinaria canadensis—collected before, during, and after flowering—against three different human melanoma cells (A375, G361, SK-MEL-3). The cytotoxicity of these extracts was not previously tested on these melanoma cell lines. Determination of alkaloid contents was performed by HPLC-DAD using Polar RP column and mobile phase containing acetonitrile, water, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. The cytotoxicity of alkaloid standards was investigated by determination of cell viability and calculation of IC50 values. Significant differences were observed in the alkaloids content and cytotoxic activity of the extracts, depending on the season of collection of the plant material. In the Sanguinaria canadensis extracts high contents of sanguinarine (from 4.8543 to 9.5899 mg/g of dry plant material) and chelerythrine (from 42.7224 to 6.8722 mg/g of dry plant material) were found. For both of these alkaloids, very high cytotoxic activity against the tested cell lines were observed. The IC50 values were in the range of 0.11–0.54 µg/mL for sanguinarine and 0.14 to 0.46 µg/mL for chelerythrine. IC50 values obtained for Sanguinaria canadensis extracts against all tested cell lines were also very low (from 0.88 to 10.96 µg/mL). Cytotoxic activity of alkaloid standards and Sanguinaria canadensis extracts were compared with the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs—etoposide, cisplatin, and hydroxyurea. In all cases except the one obtained for cisplatin against A375, which was similar to that obtained for Sanguinaria canadensis after flowering against the same cell line, IC50 values obtained for anticancer drugs were higher than the IC50 values obtained for sanguinarine, chelerythrine, and Sanguinaria canadensis extracts. Our results showed that Sanguinaria canadensis extracts and isoquinoline alkaloids, especially sanguinarine and chelerythrine, could be recommended for further in vivo experiments in order to confirm the possibility of their application in the treatment of human melanomas.

ACS Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Anna Petruczynik; Tomasz Plech; Barbara Kaproń; Anna Makuch-Kocka; Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska; Justyna Misiurek; Bogusław Buszewski. Determination of Cytotoxic Activity of Sanguinaria canadensis Extracts against Human Melanoma Cells and Comparison of Their Cytotoxicity with Cytotoxicity of Some Anticancer Drugs. Molecules 2021, 26, 1738 .

AMA Style

Tomasz Tuzimski, Anna Petruczynik, Tomasz Plech, Barbara Kaproń, Anna Makuch-Kocka, Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska, Justyna Misiurek, Bogusław Buszewski. Determination of Cytotoxic Activity of Sanguinaria canadensis Extracts against Human Melanoma Cells and Comparison of Their Cytotoxicity with Cytotoxicity of Some Anticancer Drugs. Molecules. 2021; 26 (6):1738.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Anna Petruczynik; Tomasz Plech; Barbara Kaproń; Anna Makuch-Kocka; Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska; Justyna Misiurek; Bogusław Buszewski. 2021. "Determination of Cytotoxic Activity of Sanguinaria canadensis Extracts against Human Melanoma Cells and Comparison of Their Cytotoxicity with Cytotoxicity of Some Anticancer Drugs." Molecules 26, no. 6: 1738.

Journal article
Published: 04 February 2021 in Molecules
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Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer that begins in cells known as melanocytes. While it is less common than the other forms of skin cancer, melanoma is more dangerous because of its ability to spread to other organs more rapidly if it is not treated at an early stage. The number of people diagnosed with melanoma has increased over the last few decades. The most widely used treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The search for new drugs to treat various cancers is one of the most important challenges of modern scientific research. Some isoquinoline alkaloids found in different plant species have strong cytotoxic effects on various cancer cells. We tested the effect of isoquinoline alkaloids and extracts obtained from various parts of Mahonia aquifolium collected in various vegetation seasons on human melanoma cancer cells and our data indicated that investigated extract induced significant reduction in cell viability of Human malignant melanoma cells (A375), human Caucasian malignant melanoma cell line (G361), and human malignant melanoma cell line (SKMEL3 cancer cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Differences in cytotoxic activity were observed for extracts obtained from various parts of Mahonia aquifolium. Significant differences were also obtained in the alkaloids content and cytotoxic activity of the extracts depending on the season of collection of plant material. Our investigations exhibit that these plant extracts can be recommended for further in vivo experiments in order to confirm the possibility of their use in the treatment of human melanomas.

ACS Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Anna Petruczynik; Barbara Kaproń; Anna Makuch-Kocka; Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska; Justyna Misiurek; Grażyna Szymczak; Bogusław Buszewski. Determination of Cytotoxic Activity of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids and Plant Extracts Obtained from Various Parts of Mahonia aquifolium Collected in Various Vegetation Seasons. Molecules 2021, 26, 816 .

AMA Style

Tomasz Tuzimski, Anna Petruczynik, Barbara Kaproń, Anna Makuch-Kocka, Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska, Justyna Misiurek, Grażyna Szymczak, Bogusław Buszewski. Determination of Cytotoxic Activity of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids and Plant Extracts Obtained from Various Parts of Mahonia aquifolium Collected in Various Vegetation Seasons. Molecules. 2021; 26 (4):816.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Anna Petruczynik; Barbara Kaproń; Anna Makuch-Kocka; Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska; Justyna Misiurek; Grażyna Szymczak; Bogusław Buszewski. 2021. "Determination of Cytotoxic Activity of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids and Plant Extracts Obtained from Various Parts of Mahonia aquifolium Collected in Various Vegetation Seasons." Molecules 26, no. 4: 816.

Journal article
Published: 05 January 2021 in Molecules
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Isoquinoline alkaloids may have a wide range of pharmacological activities. Some of them have acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition. Nowadays, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease have become a serious public health problem. Searching for new effective compounds with inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity is one of the most significant challenges of modern scientific research. The aim of this study was the in vitro investigation of acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition of extracts obtained from Sanguinaria canadensis collected before, during and after flowering. The acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition of these extracts has not been previously tested. The aim was also to quantify selected alkaloids in the investigated extracts by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analyses of alkaloid content were performed using HPLC in reversed phase (RP) mode using Polar RP column and mobile phase containing acetonitrile, water and ionic liquid (IL). The acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition of the tested plant extracts and respective alkaloid standards were examined using high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) for the quantification of 5-thio-2-nitro-benzoic acid, which is the product of the reaction between the thiocholine (product of the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine reaction) with Ellman reagent. The application of the HPLC method allowed for elimination of absorption of interfering components, for example, alkaloids such as sanguinarine and berberine. It is revealed that the HPLC method can be successfully used for the evaluation of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in samples such as plant extracts, especially those containing colored components adsorbing at wavelength in the range 405–412 nm. The acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity synergy of pairs of alkaloid standards and mixture of all investigated alkaloids was also determined. Most investigated alkaloids and all Sanguinaria canadensis extracts exhibited very high acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition. IC50 values obtained for alkaloid standards were from 0.36 for berberine to 23.13 µg/mL for protopine and from 61.24 to 89.14 µg/mL for Sanguinaria canadensis extracts. Our investigations demonstrated that these plant extracts can be recommended for further in vivo experiments to confirm their acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition.

ACS Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Anna Petruczynik. Application of HPLC-DAD for In Vitro Investigation of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Sanguinaria canadensis Extracts. Molecules 2021, 26, 230 .

AMA Style

Tomasz Tuzimski, Anna Petruczynik. Application of HPLC-DAD for In Vitro Investigation of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Sanguinaria canadensis Extracts. Molecules. 2021; 26 (1):230.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Anna Petruczynik. 2021. "Application of HPLC-DAD for In Vitro Investigation of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Sanguinaria canadensis Extracts." Molecules 26, no. 1: 230.

Review
Published: 03 September 2020 in Molecules
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Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a tool used to integrate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics knowledge to optimize and personalize various drug therapies. The optimization of drug dosing may improve treatment outcomes, reduce toxicity, and reduce the risk of developing drug resistance. To adequately implement TDM, accurate and precise analytical procedures are required. In clinical practice, blood is the most commonly used matrix for TDM; however, less invasive samples, such as dried blood spots or non-invasive saliva samples, are increasingly being used. The choice of sample preparation method, type of column packing, mobile phase composition, and detection method is important to ensure accurate drug measurement and to avoid interference from matrix effects and drug metabolites. Most of the reported procedures used liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques due to its high selectivity and sensitivity. High-performance chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) methods are also used when a simpler and more cost-effective methodology is desired for clinical monitoring. The application of high-performance chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) with and without derivatization processes and high-performance chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED) techniques for the analysis of various drugs in biological samples for TDM have been described less often. Before chromatographic analysis, samples were pretreated by various procedures—most often by protein precipitation, liquid–liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction, rarely by microextraction by packed sorbent, dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. The aim of this article is to review the recent literature (2010–2020) regarding the use of liquid chromatography with various detection techniques for TDM.

ACS Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Anna Petruczynik. Review of Chromatographic Methods Coupled with Modern Detection Techniques Applied in the Therapeutic Drugs Monitoring (TDM). Molecules 2020, 25, 4026 .

AMA Style

Tomasz Tuzimski, Anna Petruczynik. Review of Chromatographic Methods Coupled with Modern Detection Techniques Applied in the Therapeutic Drugs Monitoring (TDM). Molecules. 2020; 25 (17):4026.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Anna Petruczynik. 2020. "Review of Chromatographic Methods Coupled with Modern Detection Techniques Applied in the Therapeutic Drugs Monitoring (TDM)." Molecules 25, no. 17: 4026.

Review
Published: 23 June 2020 in Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL
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Background Allergies represent an important health problem in industrialized countries. Allergen sensitization is an important risk factor for the development of allergic diseases; thus, the identification of an individual’s allergen sensitization is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Objective This review compares different modern methods applied for the analysis of allergens in various matrices (from 2015 to the end of September 2019). Conclusions Immunological methods are still most frequently used for detection of allergens. These methods are sensitive, but the lack of specificity and cross-reaction of some antibodies can still be a relevant source of errors. DNA-based methods are fast and reliable for determination of protein allergens, but the epitopes of protein allergens with posttranslational modifications and their changes, originated during various processing, cannot be identified through the use of this method. Methods based on application of biosensors are very rapid and easy to use, and can be readily implemented as screening methods to monitor allergens. Recent developments of new high-resolution MS instruments are encouraging and enable development in the analysis of allergens. Fast, very sensitive, reliable, and accurate detection and quantification of allergens in complex samples can be used in the near future. Mass spectrometry coupled with LC, GC, or electrophoretic methods bring additional advances in allergen analysis. The use of LC-MS or LC-MS/MS for the quantitative detection of allergens in various matrices is at present gaining acceptance as a protein-based confirmatory technique over the routinely performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

ACS Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Anna Petruczynik. Review of New Trends in the Analysis of Allergenic Residues in Foods and Cosmetic Products. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 2020, 103, 997 -1028.

AMA Style

Tomasz Tuzimski, Anna Petruczynik. Review of New Trends in the Analysis of Allergenic Residues in Foods and Cosmetic Products. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL. 2020; 103 (4):997-1028.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Anna Petruczynik. 2020. "Review of New Trends in the Analysis of Allergenic Residues in Foods and Cosmetic Products." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 103, no. 4: 997-1028.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2020 in Molecules
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Background: Determination of psychotropic drugs in clinical study is significant, and the establishment of methodologies for these drugs in biological matrices is essential for patients’ safety. The search for new methods for their detection is one of the most important challenges of modern scientific research. The methods for analyzing of psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in different biological samples should be based on combining a very efficient separation technique including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with a sensitive detection method and effectively sample preparation methods. Objective: Retention, peaks symmetry and system efficiency of vortioxetine on Hydro RP, Polar RP, HILIC A (with silica stationary phase), HILIC-B (with aminopropyl stationary phase), and ACE HILIC-N (with polyhydroxy stationary phase and SCX columns were investigated. Various mobile phases containing methanol or acetonitrile as organic modifiers and different additives were also applied to obtained optimal retention, peaks shape, and systems efficiency. The best chromatographic procedure was used for simultaneous analysis of vortioxetine and its metabolites in human serum, urine and saliva samples. Methods: Analysis of vortioxetine was performed in various chromatographic systems: Reversed phase (RP) systems on alkylbonded or phenyl stationary phases, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), and ion-exchange chromatography (IEC). Based on the dependence of log k vs the concentration of the organic modifier, log kw values for vortioxetine in various chromatographic systems were determined and compared with calculated log P values. Solid phase extraction (SPE) method was applied for sample pre-treatment before HPLC analysis. HPLC-QTOF-MS method was applied for confirmation of presence of vortioxetine and some its metabolites in biological samples collected from psychiatric patient. Conclusions: Differences were observed in retention parameters with a change of the applied chromatographic system. The various properties of stationary phases resulted in differences in vortioxetine retention, systems’ efficiency, and peaks’ shape. Lipophilicity parameters were also determined using different HPLC conditions. The most optimal systems were chosen for the analysis of vortioxetine in biological samples. Both serum and urine or saliva samples collected from patients treated with vortioxetine can be used for the drug determination. For the first time, vortioxetine was detected in patient’s saliva. Obtained results indicate on possibility of application of saliva samples, which collection are non-invasive and painless, for determination and therapeutic drug monitoring in patients.

ACS Style

Anna Petruczynik; Karol Wróblewski; Krzysztof Wojtanowski; Tomasz Mroczek; Dariusz Juchnowicz; Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz; Tomasz Tuzimski. Comparison of Various Chromatographic Systems for Identification of Vortioxetine in Bulk Drug Substance, Human Serum, Saliva, and Urine Samples by HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS. Molecules 2020, 25, 2483 .

AMA Style

Anna Petruczynik, Karol Wróblewski, Krzysztof Wojtanowski, Tomasz Mroczek, Dariusz Juchnowicz, Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz, Tomasz Tuzimski. Comparison of Various Chromatographic Systems for Identification of Vortioxetine in Bulk Drug Substance, Human Serum, Saliva, and Urine Samples by HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS. Molecules. 2020; 25 (11):2483.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Petruczynik; Karol Wróblewski; Krzysztof Wojtanowski; Tomasz Mroczek; Dariusz Juchnowicz; Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz; Tomasz Tuzimski. 2020. "Comparison of Various Chromatographic Systems for Identification of Vortioxetine in Bulk Drug Substance, Human Serum, Saliva, and Urine Samples by HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS." Molecules 25, no. 11: 2483.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2020 in Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL
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Background Determination of bisphenols released from packaging material is undoubtedly a difficult and tricky task, requiring the chemical analyst to develop an individual approach to obtain reliable analytical information. Objective QuECHERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe)/dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) technique and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with modern detection techniques such as diode-array detector (DAD), fluorescence detector (FLD) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for the determination of bisphenols such as bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol B (BPB), 2-[[4-[2-[4-(Oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]propan-2yl]phenoxy] methyl]oxirane (BADGE), 3-[4-[2-[4-(Oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenoxy]propane-1,2-diol (BADGE*H2O), 3-[4-[2-[4-(2,3-Dihydroxypropoxy)phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenoxy]propane-1,2-diol (BADGE*2H2O), 1-Chloro-3-[4-[2-[4-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl] propan-2-yl]phenoxy]propan-2-ol (BADGE*2HCl) in human breast milk samples have been performed. Methods For the analysis of total analytes, prior to the extraction with acetonitrile, a deconjugation step was implemented in a tube by adding 1 mL of the enzymatic solution with the β-Glucuronidase to 5 mL of sample. The mix was homogenized and incubated for 17 h at 37°C. Ten milliliters of acetonitrile, and a QuEChERS salt packet with 4 g anhydrous MgSO4 and 1 g NaCl were added. During the d-SPE step the extract was transferred into tube with 30 mg Z-Sep and 50 mg PSA (and also 150 mg MgSO4 for LC-MS/MS analysis). MeOH–water (20:80, v/v) were added to the dry residue and the extract was reconstituted in 150 µL (25-fold analytes pre-concentration is achieved). Next bisphenols were identified by HPLC-DAD-FLD and quantified by LC-MS/MS equipment. Conclusions During the bisphenols HPLC-DAD-FLD analysis, from 6 min a reinforcement of 15 was used, which allowed analytes to be identified at 750 pg/mL. Application of LC-MS/MS allowed quantification of bisphenols in the range from 2.12 to 116.22 ng/mL in a total 27 human breast milk samples. Highlights First QuEChERS/d-SPE coupled with HPLC-DAD-FLD or LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of bisphenols and its analogues in breast milk Faster and cheaper alternative to traditional extraction methods The method was applied for the first biomonitoring of bisphenols and its analogues in breast milk.

ACS Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Szymon Szubartowski; Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch; Andrzej Miturski; Monika Wójtowicz-Marzec; Wojciech Kwaśniewski; Bogusław Buszewski. Comparison of DAD and FLD Detection for Identification of Selected Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples and Their Quantitative Analysis by LC-MS/MS. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 2020, 103, 1029 -1042.

AMA Style

Tomasz Tuzimski, Szymon Szubartowski, Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch, Andrzej Miturski, Monika Wójtowicz-Marzec, Wojciech Kwaśniewski, Bogusław Buszewski. Comparison of DAD and FLD Detection for Identification of Selected Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples and Their Quantitative Analysis by LC-MS/MS. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL. 2020; 103 (4):1029-1042.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Szymon Szubartowski; Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch; Andrzej Miturski; Monika Wójtowicz-Marzec; Wojciech Kwaśniewski; Bogusław Buszewski. 2020. "Comparison of DAD and FLD Detection for Identification of Selected Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples and Their Quantitative Analysis by LC-MS/MS." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 103, no. 4: 1029-1042.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2019 in Open Chemistry
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Retention, separation selectivity and system efficiency of selected basic psychotropic drugs (clozapine, aripiprazole, vortioxetine and zolpidem) and drug metabolites (desmethylclozapine, clozapine N-oxide and dehydroaripiprazole) on Hydro RP, Phenyl-Hexyl and Polar RP columns were studied. Mobile phases containing methanol or acetonitrile as organic modifiers, acetate buffer at pH 3.5 and addition of diethylamine (DEA) as a silanol blocker were applied. Significant differences in the retention, peak shapes and systems’ efficiency of the investigated compounds were obtained depending on the tested chemically bonded stationary phases with various ligands. Based on the obtained results the Phenyl-Hexyl column was selected for analysis of the drugs and their metabolites in human serum and saliva samples. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was applied for sample pre-treatment. The best SPE-HPLC-DAD procedure was used for simultaneous analysis of clozapine, aripiprazole and their metabolites in body fluids. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was applied for confirmation of the presence of the investigated compounds in biological samples. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of clozapine obtained using the proposed method was 10 ng/mL. The validated method for determining the presence of clozapine and its main metabolite was successfully applied in therapeutic drug monitoring.

ACS Style

Karol Wróblewski; A. Petruczynik; T. Tuzimski; K. Prajsnar; D. Przygodzka; G. Buszewicz; H. Karakuła-Juchnowicz; J. Róg; J. Morylowska-Topolska; M. Waksmundzka-Hajnos. Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs. Open Chemistry 2019, 17, 1361 -1373.

AMA Style

Karol Wróblewski, A. Petruczynik, T. Tuzimski, K. Prajsnar, D. Przygodzka, G. Buszewicz, H. Karakuła-Juchnowicz, J. Róg, J. Morylowska-Topolska, M. Waksmundzka-Hajnos. Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs. Open Chemistry. 2019; 17 (1):1361-1373.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karol Wróblewski; A. Petruczynik; T. Tuzimski; K. Prajsnar; D. Przygodzka; G. Buszewicz; H. Karakuła-Juchnowicz; J. Róg; J. Morylowska-Topolska; M. Waksmundzka-Hajnos. 2019. "Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs." Open Chemistry 17, no. 1: 1361-1373.

Journal article
Published: 02 October 2019 in Toxins
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Alkaloids have protective functions for plants and can play an important role in living organisms. Alkaloids may have a wide range of pharmacological activities. Many of them have cytotoxic activity. Nowadays, cancer has become a serious public health problem. Searching for effective drugs with anticancer activity is one of the most significant challenges of modern scientific research. The aim of this study was the investigation of cytotoxic activity of extracts obtained from Corydalis lutea root and herb, Dicentra spectabilis root and herb, Fumaria officinalis, Macleaya cordata leaves and herb, Mahonia aquifolia leaves and cortex, Meconopsis cambrica root and herb on FaDu, SCC-25, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic activity of these extracts has not been previously tested for these cell lines. The aim was also to quantify selected alkaloids in the investigated extracts by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The analyses of alkaloid content were performed using HPLC in reversed phase (RP) mode using Polar RP column and mobile phase containing acetonitrile, water and ionic liquid (IL). Cytotoxic effect of the tested plant extracts and respective alkaloid standards were examined using human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells (FaDu), human tongue squamous carcinoma cells (SCC-25), human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), human triple-negative breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MDA-MB-231). All investigated plant extracts possess cytotoxic activity against tested cancer cell lines: FaDu, SCC-25, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231. The highest cytotoxic activity against FaDu, SCC-25, and MCF-7 cell lines was estimated for Macleaya cordata leaf extract, while the highest cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 cell line was obtained for Macleaya cordata herb extract. Differences in cytotoxic activity were observed for extracts obtained from various parts of investigated plants. In almost all cases the cytotoxic activity of investigated plant extracts, especially at the highest concentration against tested cell lines was significantly higher than the activity of anticancer drug etoposide. Our investigations exhibit that these plant extracts can be recommended for further in vivo experiments to confirm their anticancer activity.

ACS Style

Anna Petruczynik; Tomasz Plech; Tomasz Tuzimski; Justyna Misiurek; Barbara Kaproń; Dorota Misiurek; Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska; Bogusław Buszewski; Monika Waksmundzka-Hajnos. Determination of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Mahonia aquifolia; Meconopsis cambrica; Corydalis lutea; Dicentra spectabilis; Fumaria officinalis; Macleaya cordata Extracts by HPLC-DAD and Comparison of Their Cytotoxic Activity. Toxins 2019, 11, 575 .

AMA Style

Anna Petruczynik, Tomasz Plech, Tomasz Tuzimski, Justyna Misiurek, Barbara Kaproń, Dorota Misiurek, Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska, Bogusław Buszewski, Monika Waksmundzka-Hajnos. Determination of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Mahonia aquifolia; Meconopsis cambrica; Corydalis lutea; Dicentra spectabilis; Fumaria officinalis; Macleaya cordata Extracts by HPLC-DAD and Comparison of Their Cytotoxic Activity. Toxins. 2019; 11 (10):575.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Petruczynik; Tomasz Plech; Tomasz Tuzimski; Justyna Misiurek; Barbara Kaproń; Dorota Misiurek; Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska; Bogusław Buszewski; Monika Waksmundzka-Hajnos. 2019. "Determination of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Mahonia aquifolia; Meconopsis cambrica; Corydalis lutea; Dicentra spectabilis; Fumaria officinalis; Macleaya cordata Extracts by HPLC-DAD and Comparison of Their Cytotoxic Activity." Toxins 11, no. 10: 575.

Journal article
Published: 20 September 2019 in Molecules
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Background: Plants are an important origin of natural substances that the raw material for various pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications due to the presence of phytochemicals, such as alkaloids. Alkaloids, which are found in different plant species, possess numerous biological activities. Some alkaloids have strong cytotoxic effects on various cancer cells. The search for new drugs to treat various cancers is one of the most important challenges of modern scientific research. Objective: This study aimed to investigate of cytotoxic activity of extracts that were obtained from Chelidonium Majus; Berberis sp.; Thalictrum foetidum containing various alkaloids on selected cancer cell lines. The aim was also the quantification of selected alkaloids in the investigated extracts by HPLC. Methods: The analysis of alkaloids contents were performed while using HPLC in reversed phase (RP) mode using Polar RP column and mobile phase containing acetonitrile, water, and ionic liquid. The cytotoxic effect of the tested plant extracts and respective alkaloids’ standards were examined while using human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells (FaDu), human tongue squamous carcinoma cells (SCC-25), human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), and human triple-negative breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MDA-MB-231). Conclusion: All of the investigated plant extracts possess cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines: FaDu, SCC-25, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231. The highest cytotoxic activity against FaDu and MDA-MB-231 cells was observed for Chelidonium majus root extract, while the highest cytotoxic activity against SCC-25 and MCF-7 cells was estimated for the Thalictrum foetidum root extract. There obtained significant differences in the cytotoxic activity of extracts that were obtained from the roots and herbs of Chelidonium majus and Thalictrum foetidum. Based on these results, investigated plant extracts can be recommended for further investigations of anticancer activity.

ACS Style

Anna Petruczynik; Tomasz Tuzimski; Tomasz Plech; Justyna Misiurek; Karolina Szalast; Grażyna Szymczak. Comparison of Anticancer Activity and HPLC-DAD Determination of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Thalictrum foetidum, Berberis sp. and Chelidonium majus Extracts. Molecules 2019, 24, 3417 .

AMA Style

Anna Petruczynik, Tomasz Tuzimski, Tomasz Plech, Justyna Misiurek, Karolina Szalast, Grażyna Szymczak. Comparison of Anticancer Activity and HPLC-DAD Determination of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Thalictrum foetidum, Berberis sp. and Chelidonium majus Extracts. Molecules. 2019; 24 (19):3417.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Petruczynik; Tomasz Tuzimski; Tomasz Plech; Justyna Misiurek; Karolina Szalast; Grażyna Szymczak. 2019. "Comparison of Anticancer Activity and HPLC-DAD Determination of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Thalictrum foetidum, Berberis sp. and Chelidonium majus Extracts." Molecules 24, no. 19: 3417.

Original paper
Published: 19 July 2019 in Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society
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The two adsorptive stripping voltammetric approaches for detection and quantitative determination of diethyl (2E)-2-{(2E)-[1-(4-methylphenyl)imidazolidin-2-ylidene]hydrazinylidene}butanedioate (DIB)—a novel molecule of medical importance—using two sensitive sensors based on modified glassy carbon electrodes as reusable sensors, were developed for the first time. The proposed electrochemical methods are based on adsorptive/reductive behaviour of DIB at two modified carbonic electrodes: a bismuth film-modified glassy carbon electrode (BiF/GCE) and a lead film-modified glassy carbon electrode (PbF/GCE). The electron gain mechanism for the electrochemical reduction of DIB on both developed sensors was proposed for the first time. To achieve the highest sensitivity in adsorptive stripping determinations, various experimental variables (e.g. the composition and pH of the supporting electrolytes, deposition conditions of bismuth and lead films, concentrations of plating solutions, accumulation times and potentials of DIB, etc.) were extensively examined. The comparison of validation parameters obtained during the determination of DIB at two sensors was presented. The excellent linear correlation was found between the monitored adsorptive stripping voltammetric peak current and the DIB concentration in the range of 15–600 μg L−1 at an accumulation time of 30 s (with LOD = 4.2 μg L−1 and LOQ = 14.0 μg L−1) using the BiF/GCE as a sensor. Furthermore, the excellent linear relationship was confirmed between the monitored adsorptive stripping voltammetric peak current and the DIB concentration in the range of 9–900 μg L−1 at an accumulation time of 10 s (with better LOD = 1.5 μg L−1 and LOQ = 5.0 μg L−1), employing the PbF/GCE as a sensor. The two optimized adsorptive stripping voltammetric approaches—as facile, sensitive, reliable and inexpensive—were successfully used as first methods for the quantitative analysis of a novel anticancer agent (DIB) in its pure pharmaceutically acceptable form. However, the practical applicability of square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of the electroactive DIB molecule at a PbF/GCE, as the modified electrode of higher sensitivity, was presented after its successful solid phase extraction from a real serum sample.

ACS Style

Anna Stępniowska; Małgorzata Sztanke; Tomasz Tuzimski; Mieczysław Korolczuk; Krzysztof Sztanke. Square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetric approaches at two in situ modified electrodes as first analytical methods for the quantitative determination of a new anticancer drug candidate. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society 2019, 16, 2755 -2763.

AMA Style

Anna Stępniowska, Małgorzata Sztanke, Tomasz Tuzimski, Mieczysław Korolczuk, Krzysztof Sztanke. Square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetric approaches at two in situ modified electrodes as first analytical methods for the quantitative determination of a new anticancer drug candidate. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society. 2019; 16 (12):2755-2763.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Stępniowska; Małgorzata Sztanke; Tomasz Tuzimski; Mieczysław Korolczuk; Krzysztof Sztanke. 2019. "Square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetric approaches at two in situ modified electrodes as first analytical methods for the quantitative determination of a new anticancer drug candidate." Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society 16, no. 12: 2755-2763.

Comparative study
Published: 16 July 2019 in Molecules
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Background: Identification and quantitative determination of cytisine, especially in biological samples and pharmaceutical formulations, is still a difficult analytical task. Cytisine is an alkaloid with a small and very polar molecule. For this reason, it is very weakly retained on reversed phase (RP) stationary phases, such as commonly used alkyl-bonded phases. The very weak retention of cytisine causes it to be eluted together with the components of biological matrices. Objective: Comparison and evaluation of various chromatographic systems for analysis of cytisine in different matrices—serum, saliva and pharmaceutical formulation—by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array (DAD), fluorescence (FLD) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection. Methods: The analyses were performed using HPLC in reversed phase (RP), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and ion exchange chromatography (IEC) modes. Different sample pre-treatment methods were tested: Protein precipitation (with acetone, methanol (MeOH) or acetonitrile (ACN), and solid phase extraction (SPE) using cartridges with octadecyl (C18), hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced copolymer (HLB) or strong cation exchange sorbents (Strata X-C). Conclusion: Significant differences were observed in retention parameters with a change of the used chromatographic system. The various properties of stationary phases resulted in differences in analyte retention, peaks’ shape and systems’ efficiency. The weakest retention was observed using RP systems; however, the use of the Polar RP phase can be an alternative for application in green chromatography. In the strongest retention was observed using a strong cation exchange (SCX) phase. The most optimal systems were chosen for the analysis of cytisine in the pharmaceutical preparation, serum and saliva after sample pre-treatment with the new SPE procedure. Due to the sensitivity, the use of HPLC-DAD or HPLC-FLD is the most optimal for drug analysis in pharmaceutical preparations, whereas HPLC-MS is suitable for analysis of cytisine in biological samples.

ACS Style

Karol Wróblewski; Anna Petruczynik; Tomasz Tuzimski; Dominika Przygodzka; Grzegorz Buszewicz; Patrycjusz Kołodziejczyk; Piotr Tutka. Comparison of Various Chromatographic Systems for Analysis of Cytisine in Human Serum, Saliva and Pharmaceutical Formulation by HPLC with Diode Array, Fluorescence or Mass Spectrometry Detection. Molecules 2019, 24, 2580 .

AMA Style

Karol Wróblewski, Anna Petruczynik, Tomasz Tuzimski, Dominika Przygodzka, Grzegorz Buszewicz, Patrycjusz Kołodziejczyk, Piotr Tutka. Comparison of Various Chromatographic Systems for Analysis of Cytisine in Human Serum, Saliva and Pharmaceutical Formulation by HPLC with Diode Array, Fluorescence or Mass Spectrometry Detection. Molecules. 2019; 24 (14):2580.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karol Wróblewski; Anna Petruczynik; Tomasz Tuzimski; Dominika Przygodzka; Grzegorz Buszewicz; Patrycjusz Kołodziejczyk; Piotr Tutka. 2019. "Comparison of Various Chromatographic Systems for Analysis of Cytisine in Human Serum, Saliva and Pharmaceutical Formulation by HPLC with Diode Array, Fluorescence or Mass Spectrometry Detection." Molecules 24, no. 14: 2580.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2019 in Molecules
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Background: Identification and quantitative determination of analytes released from the packaging material is undoubtedly a difficult and tricky task, requiring the chemical analyst to develop an individual approach to obtain reliable analytical information. Unfortunately, it is still challenging for scientists to determine bisphenols at trace or even ultra-trace levels in samples characterized by a very complex, and often variable, matrix composition. Objective: Optimization and application of QuEChERS/d-SPE coupled with HPLC-DAD (and LC-QqQ-MS) method for the simultaneous determination of bisphenols (A, S, F, B, BADGE and derivatives) in milk samples from a can and breast milk samples have been performed. Methods: Concerning the analysis of unconjugated analytes, after the thawing and shaking the sample (5 mL breast milk or 10 mL milk samples from a can), it was transferred into a 50 mL polypropylene centrifuge tube. For the analysis of the total amount of analytes, prior to the extraction with acetonitrile, a deconjugation step was implemented in a tube by adding to sample, the an Isotopically Labelled Internal Standard (IS) solution (50 ng/mL) and 1 mL of the enzymatic solution with the β-Glucuronidase (3500 U/mL). The mix was homogenized and incubated for 16–18 h at 37 °C. Next, 10 mL of acetonitrile, and a QuEChERS salt packet (4 g anhydrous MgSO4, 1 g NaCl) were added. After shaking and centrifugation, the total acetonitrile layer was isolated in a polypropylene tube evaporate to dryness, and reconstitute in 1.2 mL acetonitrile. During d-SPE step the extract was transferred into a 15 mL polypropylene tube with Z-Sep and primary secondary amine (PSA). Next, shake the tube, store in fridge, and centrifuge for 15 min. The acetonitrile supernatant was obtained with a pipette and evaporated to dryness. Mixture MeOH: water (20:80, v/v) were added to the dry residue and the extract was reconstitute in 200 μL and analyzed by HPLC-DAD and HPLC–QqQ-MS equipment. Conclusion: Six different salts during d-SPE step were evaluated such as: zirconium dioxide-based sorbent (Z-Sep, Z-Sep Plus), primary secondary amine (PSA), octadecyl (C18), EMR-Lipid, Chitin and also their mixtures. Negligible matrix interference was observed for most of the analytes due to application of Z-Sep and PSA in dispersive-solid phase extraction clean-up step. Extraction of target analytes was performed using QuEChERS/d-SPE cleanup, and presents good performance for selected analytes with recoveries in the range of 15–103% and relative standard deviations (RSD) less than 10% in breast milk samples.

ACS Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Szymon Szubartowski. Method Development for Selected Bisphenols Analysis in Sweetened Condensed Milk from a Can and Breast Milk Samples by HPLC–DAD and HPLC-QqQ-MS: Comparison of Sorbents (Z-SEP, Z-SEP Plus, PSA, C18, Chitin and EMR-Lipid) for Clean-Up of QuEChERS Extract. Molecules 2019, 24, 2093 .

AMA Style

Tomasz Tuzimski, Szymon Szubartowski. Method Development for Selected Bisphenols Analysis in Sweetened Condensed Milk from a Can and Breast Milk Samples by HPLC–DAD and HPLC-QqQ-MS: Comparison of Sorbents (Z-SEP, Z-SEP Plus, PSA, C18, Chitin and EMR-Lipid) for Clean-Up of QuEChERS Extract. Molecules. 2019; 24 (11):2093.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Szymon Szubartowski. 2019. "Method Development for Selected Bisphenols Analysis in Sweetened Condensed Milk from a Can and Breast Milk Samples by HPLC–DAD and HPLC-QqQ-MS: Comparison of Sorbents (Z-SEP, Z-SEP Plus, PSA, C18, Chitin and EMR-Lipid) for Clean-Up of QuEChERS Extract." Molecules 24, no. 11: 2093.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL
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Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of unique substances composed purely by cation and anions. Because of the unique properties of ILs (e.g., electric conductivity, low volatility, thermostability, and tenability), their use has attracted considerable interest, including an increasing number of publications on their use in analytical separation techniques. ILs applied as extraction solvents in liquid–liquid extraction methods and promote interactions between the analyte and solvent because of their unique chemical functional groups. In solid-phase extraction, ILs are usually used for the modification of stationary phases. ILs in LC are applied as mobile phase additives to obtain a better peak shape and high system efficiency for the analysis of ionic, especially basic, compounds. This review highlights some of the applications of ILs to extraction and analysis by LC of xenobiotics in food, environmental, and biological samples.

ACS Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Anna Petruczynik. Ionic Liquids Applied to Extraction of Xenobiotics from Food, Environmental, and Biological Samples and for Analysis by Liquid Chromatography. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 2019, 102, 3 -22.

AMA Style

Tomasz Tuzimski, Anna Petruczynik. Ionic Liquids Applied to Extraction of Xenobiotics from Food, Environmental, and Biological Samples and for Analysis by Liquid Chromatography. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL. 2019; 102 (1):3-22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Anna Petruczynik. 2019. "Ionic Liquids Applied to Extraction of Xenobiotics from Food, Environmental, and Biological Samples and for Analysis by Liquid Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 1: 3-22.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL
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Different extraction and clean-up protocols, based on either the dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) and the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) approach, were optimized and compared for the determination of selected bisphenols such as bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) in breast milk samples. QuEChERS-based sample preparation procedure was optimized by evaluation of different clean-up sorbents including zirconium-based sorbents (Z-Sep and Z-Sep Plus) and primary secondary amine. Negligible matrix interference was observed for most of the analytes due to application of 45 mg Z-Sep or 45 mg Z-Sep + 5 mg Z-Sep Plus sorbents in d-SPE clean-up step. Acceptable analytical performance for the BPA and BPS was observed with recoveries percentage in the range of 70–92% and RSD less than 15%. The pilot study was performed by applying HPLC with diode-array detection, and optimized procedures were transferred to the LC triple-quadrupole MS system. LC with electrospray ionization and tandem MS operating in the multiple reaction monitoring mode provide high sensitivity and selectivity for trace analysis. The LODs were 0.10 and 0.54 ng/mL, and the LOQs were 0.20 and 1.35 ng/mL for BPS and BPA, respectively. The developed procedures were evaluated in terms for material collection obtained from women (inhabitants of Lublin, Poland). In 20 samples, bisphenol residues were detected at concentrations from 0.09 to 11.56 ng/mL.

ACS Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Dominika Pieniążek; Grzegorz Buszewicz; Grzegorz Teresiński. QuEChERS-Based Extraction Procedures for the Analysis of Bisphenols S and A in Breast Milk Samples by LC-QqQ-MS. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 2019, 102, 23 -32.

AMA Style

Tomasz Tuzimski, Dominika Pieniążek, Grzegorz Buszewicz, Grzegorz Teresiński. QuEChERS-Based Extraction Procedures for the Analysis of Bisphenols S and A in Breast Milk Samples by LC-QqQ-MS. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL. 2019; 102 (1):23-32.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Tuzimski; Dominika Pieniążek; Grzegorz Buszewicz; Grzegorz Teresiński. 2019. "QuEChERS-Based Extraction Procedures for the Analysis of Bisphenols S and A in Breast Milk Samples by LC-QqQ-MS." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 1: 23-32.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL
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ACS Style

Tomasz Tuzimski. Detection and Analysis of Xenobiotics in Food Products and Environmental and Biological Samples by High-Performance Chromatographic Techniques Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 2019, 102, 1 -2.

AMA Style

Tomasz Tuzimski. Detection and Analysis of Xenobiotics in Food Products and Environmental and Biological Samples by High-Performance Chromatographic Techniques Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL. 2019; 102 (1):1-2.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Tuzimski. 2019. "Detection and Analysis of Xenobiotics in Food Products and Environmental and Biological Samples by High-Performance Chromatographic Techniques Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 1: 1-2.

Encyclopedia
Published: 01 November 2018 in Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering
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Pesticides are widely applied to prevent unwanted pests from attacking crops and livestock which led to their access into the environment. Although pesticides are associated with many health hazards, there is a lack of monitoring of these contaminants. Several severe diseases (Cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, birth defects, infertility) and more damages of human health are associated with the exposure of pesticides. Pesticide determination using analytical methods have involved the main steps such as sample preparation (homogenization, extraction, and clean-up) procedures which discussed earlier, separation, detection and data analysis (results measurements and assessing the reliability). Traditional chromatographic methods—high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry—are effective for the analysis of pesticides in the environment but have certain limitations such as complexity, time-consuming sample preparation, and the requirement of expensive apparatus and trained persons to operate. To protect human health from possible hazards, it is pertinent to develop sensitive, fast, and reliable methods for determination of pesticides in various samples. However, analysis of pesticides in environmental, food, clinical, and forensic samples is a difficult task due to the matrix complexity and low concentrations of the target compounds. In this field, reproducible analytical methods are required to allow the effective separation, selective identification, and accurate quantification of pesticides at low levels in various samples. In the 1990s, mass spectrometry (MS) was mostly used to confirm identification of analytes after quantification by means of specific detection methods. During the last decade, MS has tended to be used largely for direct identification and quantification of the pesticide compounds.

ACS Style

Tomasz Tuzimski. Herbicides and Pesticides. Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Tomasz Tuzimski. Herbicides and Pesticides. Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Tuzimski. 2018. "Herbicides and Pesticides." Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL
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An HPLC procedure on a polar reversed-phase column with mobile phases containing ionic liquid (IL) was developed for the analysis of selected alkaloids from different chemical groups. We aimed to obtain optimal conditions for the separation of alkaloids because widely used silica-based stationary phases exhibit a silanol effect, rendering analysis of basic analytes extremely difficult. Retention, separation selectivity, peak symmetry, and system efficiency were examined in various eluent systems containing different concentrations of IL and acetonitrile. The obtained results revealed substantial influence from the concentrations of IL, the organic modifier, and temperature on the retention behavior of the investigated alkaloids. The most selective and efficient chromatographic systems were applied for the analysis of several alkaloids in a plant extract.

ACS Style

Anna Petruczynik; Justyna Misiurek; Tomasz Tuzimski; Monika Waksmundzka-Hajnos. Application of Mobile Phases Containing Ionic Liquid for HPLC Analysis of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 2017, 100, 1652 -1659.

AMA Style

Anna Petruczynik, Justyna Misiurek, Tomasz Tuzimski, Monika Waksmundzka-Hajnos. Application of Mobile Phases Containing Ionic Liquid for HPLC Analysis of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL. 2017; 100 (6):1652-1659.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Petruczynik; Justyna Misiurek; Tomasz Tuzimski; Monika Waksmundzka-Hajnos. 2017. "Application of Mobile Phases Containing Ionic Liquid for HPLC Analysis of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 100, no. 6: 1652-1659.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL
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ACS Style

Tomasz Tuzimski. Chromatography – Theory and Applications, In Memoriam of Prof. Dr. hab. Edward Soczewiński (1928–2016). Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 2017, 100, 1585 -1589.

AMA Style

Tomasz Tuzimski. Chromatography – Theory and Applications, In Memoriam of Prof. Dr. hab. Edward Soczewiński (1928–2016). Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL. 2017; 100 (6):1585-1589.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Tuzimski. 2017. "Chromatography – Theory and Applications, In Memoriam of Prof. Dr. hab. Edward Soczewiński (1928–2016)." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 100, no. 6: 1585-1589.