A spiking neural network (SNN) is a type of artificial neural network that operates based on discrete spikes to process timing information, similar to the manner in which the human brain processes real-world problems. In this paper, we propose a new spiking neural network (SNN) based on conventional, biologically plausible paradigms, such as the leaky integrate-and-fire model, spike timing-dependent plasticity, and the adaptive spiking threshold, by suggesting new biological models; that is, dynamic inhibition weight change, a synaptic wiring method, and Bayesian inference. The proposed network is designed for image recognition tasks, which are frequently used to evaluate the performance of conventional deep neural networks. To manifest the bio-realistic neural architecture, the learning is unsupervised, and the inhibition weight is dynamically changed; this, in turn, affects the synaptic wiring method based on Hebbian learning and the neuronal population. In the inference phase, Bayesian inference successfully classifies the input digits by counting the spikes from the responding neurons. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed biological model ensures a performance improvement compared with other biologically plausible SNN models.

A low level of vigilance is one of the main reasons for traffic and industrial accidents. We conducted experiments to evoke the low level of vigilance and record physiological data through single-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements. In this study, a deep Q-network (DQN) algorithm was designed, using conventional feature engineering and deep convolutional neural network (CNN) methods, to extract the optimal features. The DQN yielded the optimal features: two CNN features from ECG and two conventional features from EEG. The ECG features were more significant for tracking the transitions within the alertness continuum with the DQN. The classification was performed with a small number of features, and the results were similar to those from using all of the features. This suggests that the DQN could be applied to investigating biomarkers for physiological responses and optimizing the classification system to reduce the input resources.