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Hendrikus Visser
Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5058, 2600 GB Delft, The Netherlands

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Journal article
Published: 25 June 2020 in Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies
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This paper presents the development of a multilevel optimization framework for the design and selection of departure routes, and the distribution of aircraft movements among these routes, while taking the sequence and separation requirements for aircraft on runways and along selected routes into account. The main aim of the framework is to minimize aircraft noise impact on communities around an airport, and the associated fuel consumption. The proposed framework features two consecutive steps. In the first step, for each given Standard Instrument Departure (SID), multi-objective trajectory optimization is utilized to generate a comprehensive set of possible alternative routes. The obtained set is subsequently used as input for the optimization problem in the second step. In this step, the selection of routes for each SID and the distribution of aircraft movements among these routes are optimized simultaneously. To ensure the feasibility of optimized solutions for an entire operational day, the sequence and separation requirements for aircraft on runways and along selected routes are included in this second phase. In order to address these issues, three novel techniques are developed and added to a previously developed multilevel optimization framework, viz., a runway assignment model, a conflict detection algorithm, and a rerouting technique. The proposed framework is applied to a realistic case study at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in the Netherlands, in which 599 departure flights and 13 different SIDs are considered. The optimization results show that the proposed model can offer conflict-free solutions, one of which can lead to a reduction in the number of people annoyed of up to 21%, and a reduction in fuel consumption of 8% relative to the reference case solution.

ACS Style

V. Ho-Huu; S. Hartjes; J.A. Pérez-Castán; H.G. Visser; R. Curran. A multilevel optimization approach to route design and flight allocation taking aircraft sequence and separation constraints into account. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 2020, 117, 102684 .

AMA Style

V. Ho-Huu, S. Hartjes, J.A. Pérez-Castán, H.G. Visser, R. Curran. A multilevel optimization approach to route design and flight allocation taking aircraft sequence and separation constraints into account. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. 2020; 117 ():102684.

Chicago/Turabian Style

V. Ho-Huu; S. Hartjes; J.A. Pérez-Castán; H.G. Visser; R. Curran. 2020. "A multilevel optimization approach to route design and flight allocation taking aircraft sequence and separation constraints into account." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 117, no. : 102684.

Journal article
Published: 17 October 2019 in Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
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In this article, we present the development of a two-step optimization framework to deal with the design and selection of aircraft departure routes and the allocation of flights among these routes. The aim of the framework is to minimize cumulative noise annoyance and fuel burn. In the first step of the framework, multi-objective trajectory optimization is used to compute and store a set of routes that will serve as inputs in the second step. In the second step, the selection of routes from the sets of pre-computed optimal routes and the optimal allocation of flights to these routes are conducted simultaneously. To validate the proposed framework, we also conduct an analysis involving an integrated (one-step) approach, in which both trajectory optimization and route allocation are formulated as a single optimization problem. A comparison of both approaches is then performed, and their advantages and disadvantages are identified. The performance and capabilities of the present framework are demonstrated using a case study at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in The Netherlands. The numerical results show that the proposed framework can generate solutions which can achieve a reduction in the number of people annoyed of up to 31% and a reduction in fuel consumption of 7.3% relative to the reference case solution.

ACS Style

V. Ho-Huu; S. Hartjes; H.G. Visser; R. Curran. An optimization framework for route design and allocation of aircraft to multiple departure routes. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2019, 76, 273 -288.

AMA Style

V. Ho-Huu, S. Hartjes, H.G. Visser, R. Curran. An optimization framework for route design and allocation of aircraft to multiple departure routes. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2019; 76 ():273-288.

Chicago/Turabian Style

V. Ho-Huu; S. Hartjes; H.G. Visser; R. Curran. 2019. "An optimization framework for route design and allocation of aircraft to multiple departure routes." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 76, no. : 273-288.

Journal article
Published: 09 September 2019 in Aerospace
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This paper presents a trajectory optimization study that has been conducted using a recently developed tool for the synthesis and analysis of extended flight formations of long-haul commercial aircraft, with the aim to minimize overall fuel consumption. In extended flight formations, trailing aircraft can attain an appreciable reduction in induced drag and associated reduction in fuel burn by flying in the upwash of the lead aircraft’s wake. In the present study, a previously developed multi-phase optimal control (MOC) framework for the synthesis of two-ship flight formations has been extended to include the assembly of three-ship flight formations. Using the extended tool, various numerical experiments have been conducted in relation to the assembly of two-ship and three-ship flight formations in long-haul operations across the North-Atlantic Ocean. Additionally, numerical experiments have been carried out to examine the impact of wind fields on the synthesis and performance of flight formations. Additionally, a parametric investigation has been conducted to assess the sensitivity of the solutions with respect to the degree of the induced drag reduction that might be attained by the trailing aircraft in a formation. The results of the various numerical experiments reveal that formation flight can result in appreciable reductions in fuel burn in comparison to flying solo—particularly when larger formation strings are permitted.

ACS Style

Sander Hartjes; Hendrikus G. Visser; Marco E. G. Van Hellenberg Hubar. Trajectory Optimization of Extended Formation Flights for Commercial Aviation. Aerospace 2019, 6, 100 .

AMA Style

Sander Hartjes, Hendrikus G. Visser, Marco E. G. Van Hellenberg Hubar. Trajectory Optimization of Extended Formation Flights for Commercial Aviation. Aerospace. 2019; 6 (9):100.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sander Hartjes; Hendrikus G. Visser; Marco E. G. Van Hellenberg Hubar. 2019. "Trajectory Optimization of Extended Formation Flights for Commercial Aviation." Aerospace 6, no. 9: 100.

Preprint
Published: 29 August 2019
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In this article, we present the development of a two-step optimization framework to deal with the design and selection of aircraft departure routes and the allocation of flights among these routes. The aim of the framework is to minimize cumulative noise annoyance and fuel burn. In the first step of the framework, multi-objective trajectory optimization is used to compute and store a set of routes that will serve as inputs in the second step. In the second step, the selection of routes from the set of pre-computed optimal routes and the optimal allocation of flights among these routes are conducted simultaneously. To validate the proposed framework, we also conduct an analysis involving an integrated (one-step) approach, in which both trajectory optimization and route allocation are formulated as a single optimization problem. A comparison of both approaches is then performed, and their advantages and disadvantages are identified. The performance and capabilities of the present framework are demonstrated using a case study at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in The Netherlands. The numerical results show that the proposed framework can generate solutions which can achieve a reduction in the number of people annoyed of up to 31% and a reduction in fuel consumption of 7.3% relative to the reference case solution.

ACS Style

V. Ho-Huu; S. Hartjes; H. G. Visser; R. Curran. An optimization framework for route design and allocation of aircraft to multiple departure routes. 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

V. Ho-Huu, S. Hartjes, H. G. Visser, R. Curran. An optimization framework for route design and allocation of aircraft to multiple departure routes. . 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

V. Ho-Huu; S. Hartjes; H. G. Visser; R. Curran. 2019. "An optimization framework for route design and allocation of aircraft to multiple departure routes." , no. : 1.

Original paper
Published: 21 September 2018 in CEAS Aeronautical Journal
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In this paper a tool is developed that optimizes the trajectories of multiple airliners that seek to join in formation to minimize overall fuel consumption or direct operating cost. The developed optimization framework relies on optimal control theory to solve the multiple-phase optimization problem associated to flight formation assembly. A reduced-order point-mass formulation is employed for modelling of the aircraft dynamics within an extended flight formation, and of the solo flight legs that connect the flight formation to the origin and destination airports. When in formation, a discount factor is applied to simulate a reduction in the induced drag of the trailing aircraft. Using the developed tool a case study has been conducted pertaining to the assembly of two-aircraft formation flights across the North-Atlantic. Results are presented to illustrate the synthesis of the formation trajectories and to demonstrate the potential for reducing fuel and operating cost. The results of the various numerical experiments show that formation flight can lead to significant reductions in fuel consumption compared to flying solo, even when the original trip times are maintained. Additionally, the results clearly reveal how the performance and the characteristics of the flight formation mission—notably the location of rendezvous and splitting points—are affected when one aircraft seeking to join the formation suffers a departure delay.

ACS Style

Sander Hartjes; Marco E. G. Van Hellenberg Hubar; Hendrikus G. Visser. Multiple-phase trajectory optimization for formation flight in civil aviation. CEAS Aeronautical Journal 2018, 10, 453 -462.

AMA Style

Sander Hartjes, Marco E. G. Van Hellenberg Hubar, Hendrikus G. Visser. Multiple-phase trajectory optimization for formation flight in civil aviation. CEAS Aeronautical Journal. 2018; 10 (2):453-462.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sander Hartjes; Marco E. G. Van Hellenberg Hubar; Hendrikus G. Visser. 2018. "Multiple-phase trajectory optimization for formation flight in civil aviation." CEAS Aeronautical Journal 10, no. 2: 453-462.

Research article
Published: 03 August 2018 in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering
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This paper describes the development of an optimization-based cooperative planning system for the efficient routing and scheduling of extended flight formations. This study considers the use of formation flight as a means to reduce the overall fuel consumption in long-haul airline operations. It elaborates on the operational implementation of formation flight, particularly focusing on the formation flight routing. A completely decentralized approach is presented, in the sense that formation flight is not planned pre-flight and is not subjected to any predefined routing restrictions. A greedy communication scheme is defined through which all participating aircraft are allowed to communicate with neighboring aircraft in order to establish flight formations in flight. A constraint on the formation-flight-induced additional flight time is introduced in order to suppress the occurrence of large detours in the assembly of flight formations. A transatlantic case study is presented that considers 347 eastbound flights. Assuming a 10% fuel flow reduction for any trailing aircraft in a formation, the overall network-wide fuel savings were estimated at 4.3% at the expense of an additional flight time of 10.3 min per flight on average. In this transatlantic long-haul scenario, a formation flight usage rate of 73% was realized.

ACS Style

Collin Ma Verhagen; Hendrikus G Visser; Bruno F Santos. A decentralized approach to formation flight routing of long-haul commercial flights. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2018, 233, 2992 -3004.

AMA Style

Collin Ma Verhagen, Hendrikus G Visser, Bruno F Santos. A decentralized approach to formation flight routing of long-haul commercial flights. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering. 2018; 233 (8):2992-3004.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Collin Ma Verhagen; Hendrikus G Visser; Bruno F Santos. 2018. "A decentralized approach to formation flight routing of long-haul commercial flights." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233, no. 8: 2992-3004.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2018 in Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
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This paper presents a new multi-objective optimization formulation for the design and allocation of optimal aircraft departure routes. In the considered problem – besides two conventional objectives based on cumulative noise criteria and fuel burn – a new objective considering the flight frequency is introduced. Moreover, to take advantage of the combination of designing new routes and allocating flights to these routes, two different routes are considered simultaneously, and the distribution of flights over these two routes is addressed in parallel. Then, a new version of the so-called MOEA/D optimization algorithm is developed to solve the formulated optimization problem. Two different case studies, one at Rotterdam The Hague Airport and one at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in The Netherlands, are carried out to evaluate the reliability and applicability of the proposed approach. The obtained results reveal that the proposed approach can provide solutions which can balance more effectively the concerned metrics such as the number of annoyed people, fuel burn, number of people exposed to certain noise levels, and number of aircraft movements which people are subjected to.

ACS Style

V. Ho-Huu; S. Hartjes; H.G. Visser; R. Curran. Integrated design and allocation of optimal aircraft departure routes. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2018, 63, 689 -705.

AMA Style

V. Ho-Huu, S. Hartjes, H.G. Visser, R. Curran. Integrated design and allocation of optimal aircraft departure routes. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2018; 63 ():689-705.

Chicago/Turabian Style

V. Ho-Huu; S. Hartjes; H.G. Visser; R. Curran. 2018. "Integrated design and allocation of optimal aircraft departure routes." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 63, no. : 689-705.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Journal of Aerospace Information Systems
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Accurate taxi-out time predictions are a valuable asset in enabling efficient runway scheduling in real-time operations so as to reduce taxi-out times and fuel consumption on the airport surface. This paper will focus on how the neural networks, regression tree, reinforcement learning, and multilayer perceptron methods can be used for predicting taxi-out time. These four methods are assessed based on their performance indicators, applied on Charles de Gaulle operational taxi data and benchmarked against real-life taxi-out time profiles. The root-mean-squared error metric is chosen as the most important performance indicator, which gives, for the applied regression tree method, on any given day, an average error of 1.6 min. The regression tree turns out to be the most efficient method, which is then subsequently applied in a case study for predicting the taxi-out time and finding the key-related precursors extracted from the top 10 features.

ACS Style

Floris Herrema; Richard Curran; Hendrikus Visser; Denis Huet; Regis Lacote. Taxi-Out Time Prediction Model at Charles de Gaulle Airport. Journal of Aerospace Information Systems 2018, 15, 120 -130.

AMA Style

Floris Herrema, Richard Curran, Hendrikus Visser, Denis Huet, Regis Lacote. Taxi-Out Time Prediction Model at Charles de Gaulle Airport. Journal of Aerospace Information Systems. 2018; 15 (3):120-130.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Floris Herrema; Richard Curran; Hendrikus Visser; Denis Huet; Regis Lacote. 2018. "Taxi-Out Time Prediction Model at Charles de Gaulle Airport." Journal of Aerospace Information Systems 15, no. 3: 120-130.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Journal of Aerospace Information Systems
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Accidents on the runway triggered the development and implementation of mitigation strategies. Therefore, the airline industry is moving toward proactive risk management, which aims to identify and predict risk precursors and to mitigate risks before accidents occur. For certain predictions machine learning techniques can be used. Although many studies have explored and applied novel machine learning techniques on different radar and A-SMGCS data, the identification and prediction of abnormal runway occupancy times and the observation of related precursors are not well developed. In our previous papers, three existing methods were introduced, lasso, multi-layer perception, and neural networks, to predict the taxi-out time on the taxiway and the time to fly and true airspeed profile on final approach. This paper presents a new machine learning method where the existing machine learning techniques are combined for predicting the abnormal runway occupancy times of unique radar data patterns. Additionally the regression tree method is used in this study to observe the key related precursors extracted from the top 10 features. Compared with existing methods, the new method no longer requires predefined criteria or domain knowledge. Tests were conducted using final approach radar data and A-SMGCS runway data consisting of 78,321 flights at Paris Charles de Gaulle airport and were benchmarked against 500,000 flights at Vienna airport.

ACS Style

Herrema Floris Friso; Curran Richard; Hendrikus G. Visser; Treve Vincent; Desart Bruno. Predicting Abnormal Runway Occupancy Times and Observing Related Precursors. Journal of Aerospace Information Systems 2018, 15, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Herrema Floris Friso, Curran Richard, Hendrikus G. Visser, Treve Vincent, Desart Bruno. Predicting Abnormal Runway Occupancy Times and Observing Related Precursors. Journal of Aerospace Information Systems. 2018; 15 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Herrema Floris Friso; Curran Richard; Hendrikus G. Visser; Treve Vincent; Desart Bruno. 2018. "Predicting Abnormal Runway Occupancy Times and Observing Related Precursors." Journal of Aerospace Information Systems 15, no. 1: 1-12.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2018 in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems
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ACS Style

Malik Doole; Hendrikus G. Visser. A Multi-stage Centralized Approach to Formation Flight Routing and Assignment of Long-haul Airline Operations. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems 2018, 47 -58.

AMA Style

Malik Doole, Hendrikus G. Visser. A Multi-stage Centralized Approach to Formation Flight Routing and Assignment of Long-haul Airline Operations. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems. 2018; ():47-58.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Malik Doole; Hendrikus G. Visser. 2018. "A Multi-stage Centralized Approach to Formation Flight Routing and Assignment of Long-haul Airline Operations." Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems , no. : 47-58.

Conference paper
Published: 15 December 2017 in Advances in Aerospace Guidance, Navigation and Control
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In this paper a tool is developed that optimizes the trajectories of multiple airliners that seek to join in formation to minimize overall fuel consumption or Direct Operating Cost (DOC). The developed optimization framework relies on optimal control theory to solve the multiple-phase optimization problem associated to flight formation assembly. A reduced-order point-mass formulation is employed for modelling of the aircraft dynamics within an extended flight formation, and of the solo flight legs that connect the flight formation to the origin and destination airports. When in formation, a discount factor is applied to simulate a reduction in the induced drag of the trailing aircraft. Using the developed tool a case study has been conducted pertaining to the assembly of two-aircraft formation flights across the North-Atlantic. Results are presented to illustrate the synthesis of the formation trajectories and to demonstrate the potential for reducing fuel and operating cost. The results of the various numerical experiments show that formation flight can lead to significant reductions in fuel consumption compared to flying solo, even when the original trip times are maintained. Also, the results clearly reveal how the performance and the characteristics of the flight formation mission - notably the location of rendezvous and splitting points - are affected when one aircraft seeking to join the formation suffers a departure delay.

ACS Style

Sander Hartjes; Marco E. G. Van Hellenberg Hubar; Hendrikus G. Visser. Multiple-Phase Trajectory Optimization for Formation Flight in Civil Aviation. Advances in Aerospace Guidance, Navigation and Control 2017, 389 -405.

AMA Style

Sander Hartjes, Marco E. G. Van Hellenberg Hubar, Hendrikus G. Visser. Multiple-Phase Trajectory Optimization for Formation Flight in Civil Aviation. Advances in Aerospace Guidance, Navigation and Control. 2017; ():389-405.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sander Hartjes; Marco E. G. Van Hellenberg Hubar; Hendrikus G. Visser. 2017. "Multiple-Phase Trajectory Optimization for Formation Flight in Civil Aviation." Advances in Aerospace Guidance, Navigation and Control , no. : 389-405.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Aerospace
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In an effort to allow to increase the number of aircraft and airport operations while mitigating their negative impacts (e.g., noise and pollutant emission) on near-airport communities, the optimal design of new departure routes with less noise and fuel consumption becomes more important. In this paper, a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D), which recently emerged as a potential method for solving multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs), is developed for this kind of problem. First, to minimize aircraft noise for departure routes while taking into account the interests of various stakeholders, bi-objective optimization problems involving noise and fuel consumption are formulated where both the ground track and vertical profile of a departure route are optimized simultaneously. Second, in order to make the design space of vertical profiles feasible during the optimization process, a trajectory parameterization technique recently proposed is employed. Furthermore, some modifications to MOEA/D that are aimed at significantly reducing the computational cost are also introduced. Two different examples of departure routes at Schiphol Airport in the Netherlands are shown to demonstrate the applicability and reliability of the proposed method. The simulation results reveal that the proposed method is an effective and efficient approach for solving this kind of problem.

ACS Style

Vinh Ho-Huu; Sander Hartjes; Hendrikus G. Visser; Richard Curran. An Efficient Application of the MOEA/D Algorithm for Designing Noise Abatement Departure Trajectories. Aerospace 2017, 4, 54 .

AMA Style

Vinh Ho-Huu, Sander Hartjes, Hendrikus G. Visser, Richard Curran. An Efficient Application of the MOEA/D Algorithm for Designing Noise Abatement Departure Trajectories. Aerospace. 2017; 4 (4):54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vinh Ho-Huu; Sander Hartjes; Hendrikus G. Visser; Richard Curran. 2017. "An Efficient Application of the MOEA/D Algorithm for Designing Noise Abatement Departure Trajectories." Aerospace 4, no. 4: 54.

Articles
Published: 27 July 2017 in Transportation Planning and Technology
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In this paper we present a novel method to improve the robustness of solutions to the Flight-to-Gate Assignment Problem (FGAP), with the aim to reduce the need for gate re-planning due to unpredicted flight schedule disturbances in the daily operations at an airport. We propose an approach in which the deterministic gate constraints are replaced by stochastic gate constraints that incorporate the inherent stochastic flight delays in such a way so as to ensure that the expected gate conflict probability of two flights assigned to the same gate at the same time does not exceed a user-specified value. The novel approach is integrated into an existing multiple time slot FGAP model that relies on a binary integer programming formulation and is tested using real-life data pertaining to Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. The results confirm that the proposed approach holds out great promise to improve the robustness of the FGAP solutions.

ACS Style

Oscar R. P. Van Schaijk; Hendrikus G. Visser. Robust flight-to-gate assignment using flight presence probabilities. Transportation Planning and Technology 2017, 40, 928 -945.

AMA Style

Oscar R. P. Van Schaijk, Hendrikus G. Visser. Robust flight-to-gate assignment using flight presence probabilities. Transportation Planning and Technology. 2017; 40 (8):928-945.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oscar R. P. Van Schaijk; Hendrikus G. Visser. 2017. "Robust flight-to-gate assignment using flight presence probabilities." Transportation Planning and Technology 40, no. 8: 928-945.

Research article
Published: 18 May 2016 in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering
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In this study, a genetic optimization algorithm is applied to the design of environmentally friendly aircraft departure trajectories. The environmental optimization has been primarily focused on noise abatement and local NOx emissions, whilst taking fuel burn into account as an economical criterion. In support of this study, a novel parameterization approach has been conceived for discretizing the lateral and vertical flight profiles, which reduces the need to include nonlinear side constraints in the multiparameter optimization problem formulation, while still permitting to comply with the complex set of operational requirements pertaining to departure procedures. The resulting formulation avoids infeasible solutions and hence significantly reduces the number of model evaluations required in the genetic optimization process. The efficiency of the developed approach is demonstrated in a case study involving the design of a noise abatement departure procedure at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in The Netherlands.

ACS Style

S Hartjes; Hg Visser. Efficient trajectory parameterization for environmental optimization of departure flight paths using a genetic algorithm. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2016, 231, 1115 -1123.

AMA Style

S Hartjes, Hg Visser. Efficient trajectory parameterization for environmental optimization of departure flight paths using a genetic algorithm. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering. 2016; 231 (6):1115-1123.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S Hartjes; Hg Visser. 2016. "Efficient trajectory parameterization for environmental optimization of departure flight paths using a genetic algorithm." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 231, no. 6: 1115-1123.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2015 in The Aeronautical Journal
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This paper presents the concept of custom-optimised departure profiles, as an advanced form of noise abatement departure procedures. This concept relies on fixed routes in combination with individually optimised vertical departure profiles. Although the use of fixed ground tracks results in some loss in environmental performance, the high degree of complexity associated with free routing is eliminated as well, leading to a concept that does not appear to be incompatible with today’s Air Traffic Control (ATC) principles. By using a primitive form of trajectory negotiation between airline and ATC, selected flights can be allowed to perform an optimised departure without interfering with non-participating traffic. Apart from the concept itself, this paper also describes the departure profile optimisation tool, which is based on a previously developed trajectory optimisation framework called NOISHHH. Finally, in a numerical example, a current standard ICAO-A procedure is compared with two optimised profiles for a Boeing 737 departure from Amsterdam Airport. Fuel burn, noise impact and the required flight time to a specified point are compared for the three departure profiles. It is shown that the custom-optimised departure profiles have the potential to both reduce fuel burn as well as noise exposure, relative to the ICAO-A procedure.

ACS Style

S. J. Hebly; H. G. Visser. Advanced noise abatement departure procedures: custom-optimised departure profiles. The Aeronautical Journal 2015, 119, 647 -661.

AMA Style

S. J. Hebly, H. G. Visser. Advanced noise abatement departure procedures: custom-optimised departure profiles. The Aeronautical Journal. 2015; 119 (1215):647-661.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. J. Hebly; H. G. Visser. 2015. "Advanced noise abatement departure procedures: custom-optimised departure profiles." The Aeronautical Journal 119, no. 1215: 647-661.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2015 in Journal of Aircraft
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Wake turbulence can be experienced by aircraft when encountering the wake vortex of another aircraft. The aim of this study is to improve the understanding of the risk posed by en route wake-vortex encounters in the en route flight phase. To quantify this risk, a simulation framework has been conceived that makes use of recorded historical surveillance data and computes the wake-vortex trajectory and decay for each aircraft based on a wake-vortex model. The simulation has been validated and subsequently used to determine the probability of encountering a wake vortex in upper European airspace. The simulation results bear out that a severe wake-vortex encounter can be expected approximately once every 38 days. Three factors have been identified that contribute to the risk of encountering a wake vortex during the en route phase of flight, viz., the characteristics of the exposed or generating aircraft, the encounter geometry, and the prevailing tropopause height in the atmosphere. The combined time evolution of these three factors suggests that the en route wake-vortex encounter risk may increase in the future. Finally, both short-term and long-term mitigation measures are proposed that can potentially reduce the severity of wake-vortex encounters or even prevent their occurrence.

ACS Style

Mike Hoogstraten; Hendrikus Visser; Dennis Hart; Vincent Treve; Frederic Rooseleer. Improved Understanding of En Route Wake-Vortex Encounters. Journal of Aircraft 2015, 52, 981 -989.

AMA Style

Mike Hoogstraten, Hendrikus Visser, Dennis Hart, Vincent Treve, Frederic Rooseleer. Improved Understanding of En Route Wake-Vortex Encounters. Journal of Aircraft. 2015; 52 (3):981-989.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mike Hoogstraten; Hendrikus Visser; Dennis Hart; Vincent Treve; Frederic Rooseleer. 2015. "Improved Understanding of En Route Wake-Vortex Encounters." Journal of Aircraft 52, no. 3: 981-989.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2014 in International Journal of Modeling and Optimization
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ACS Style

Zhang Song; H. G. Visser; Hou Mingshan; Cong Wei. Optimized Multi-Event Simultaneous Departure Routes for Major Hub Airport. International Journal of Modeling and Optimization 2014, 4, 482 -488.

AMA Style

Zhang Song, H. G. Visser, Hou Mingshan, Cong Wei. Optimized Multi-Event Simultaneous Departure Routes for Major Hub Airport. International Journal of Modeling and Optimization. 2014; 4 (6):482-488.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang Song; H. G. Visser; Hou Mingshan; Cong Wei. 2014. "Optimized Multi-Event Simultaneous Departure Routes for Major Hub Airport." International Journal of Modeling and Optimization 4, no. 6: 482-488.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2014 in Journal of Aerospace Operations
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ACS Style

Hugo de Jonge; René van Hout; Ron Seljée; Hendrikus Visser. Prioritisation in air traffic flow management: The design of a flow management tool using a petri-net approach. Journal of Aerospace Operations 2014, 3, 17 -44.

AMA Style

Hugo de Jonge, René van Hout, Ron Seljée, Hendrikus Visser. Prioritisation in air traffic flow management: The design of a flow management tool using a petri-net approach. Journal of Aerospace Operations. 2014; 3 (1):17-44.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hugo de Jonge; René van Hout; Ron Seljée; Hendrikus Visser. 2014. "Prioritisation in air traffic flow management: The design of a flow management tool using a petri-net approach." Journal of Aerospace Operations 3, no. 1: 17-44.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2014 in Journal of Aircraft
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This paper presents a study aimed at the development of an optimization methodology for multi-event aircraft trajectories. The proposed methodology is an extension of the NOISHHH tool originally developed for the optimization of single-event trajectories. The new optimization framework has been developed to synthesize multi-event area navigation trajectories that minimize the community noise impact in near-airport communities due to the aggregated noise impact on near-airport communities of all inbound and outbound flights on a representative day. The methodology has been applied to nightly inbound flights at a large international airport, revealing a significant improvement of the community noise impact in terms of the number of people highly annoyed due to aircraft noise.

ACS Style

S. Hartjes; J. Dons; Hendrikus Visser. Optimization of Area Navigation Arrival Routes for Cumulative Noise Exposure. Journal of Aircraft 2014, 51, 1432 -1438.

AMA Style

S. Hartjes, J. Dons, Hendrikus Visser. Optimization of Area Navigation Arrival Routes for Cumulative Noise Exposure. Journal of Aircraft. 2014; 51 (5):1432-1438.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. Hartjes; J. Dons; Hendrikus Visser. 2014. "Optimization of Area Navigation Arrival Routes for Cumulative Noise Exposure." Journal of Aircraft 51, no. 5: 1432-1438.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2014 in Journal of Aircraft
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This paper describes a new framework for the synthesis of aircraft flyover noise through a nonstandard atmosphere. Central to the framework is a ray-tracing algorithm that defines multiple curved propagation paths, if the atmosphere allows, between the moving source and listener. Because each path has a different emission angle, synthesis of the sound at the source must be performed independently for each path. The time delay, spreading loss, and absorption (ground and atmosphere) are integrated along each path and applied to each synthesized aircraft noise source to simulate a flyover. A final step assigns each resulting signal to its corresponding receiver angle for the simulation of a flyover in a virtual reality environment. Spectrograms of the results from a straight path and a curved path modeling assumption are shown. When the aircraft is at close range, the straight path results are valid. Differences appear especially when the source is relatively far away at shallow elevation angles. These differences, however, are not significant in common sound metrics. Although the framework used in this work performs off-line processing, it is conducive to real-time implementation.

ACS Style

Michael Arntzen; Stephen A. Rizzi; Hendrikus Visser; Dick G. Simons. Framework for Simulating Aircraft Flyover Noise Through Nonstandard Atmospheres. Journal of Aircraft 2014, 51, 956 -966.

AMA Style

Michael Arntzen, Stephen A. Rizzi, Hendrikus Visser, Dick G. Simons. Framework for Simulating Aircraft Flyover Noise Through Nonstandard Atmospheres. Journal of Aircraft. 2014; 51 (3):956-966.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Arntzen; Stephen A. Rizzi; Hendrikus Visser; Dick G. Simons. 2014. "Framework for Simulating Aircraft Flyover Noise Through Nonstandard Atmospheres." Journal of Aircraft 51, no. 3: 956-966.