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Green roof is one of the nature-based solutions to provide environmental and social benefits for sustainable urban development. Green roofs irrigated with domestic wastewater solves not only their irrigation water resource but also the urban wastewater treatment. However, it is unknown whether the capacity of green roofs in pollutant removal meets the requirement of domestic wastewater treatment. This study was to investigate the capacity of pollutant removal by the green roofs with C4, C3, and CAM plant species when irrigated with domestic wastewater. Results showed that green roofs removed 79.27~97.38% of total suspended solids, 79.94~98.92% of chemical oxygen demand, 65.26~90.52% of total nitrogen, 83.32~96.31% of ammonium nitrogen, 77.83~93.97% of nitrate nitrogen, and 93.77~98.94% of total phosphorus, respectively. C4 and C3 plants contributed significantly higher runoff reduction, removal of total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphates, and total phosphorus than CAM plants. Water quality indicated by chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and total phosphorus from the effluent complied with the widely accepted limits on domestic wastewater discharge. Our results demonstrate that green roofs can be designed for the ecological treatment of domestic wastewater on the household scale.
Lijiao Liu; Junjun Cao; Mehran Ali; Jiaxin Zhang; Zhaolong Wang. Impact of green roof plant species on domestic wastewater treatment. Environmental Advances 2021, 4, 100059 .
AMA StyleLijiao Liu, Junjun Cao, Mehran Ali, Jiaxin Zhang, Zhaolong Wang. Impact of green roof plant species on domestic wastewater treatment. Environmental Advances. 2021; 4 ():100059.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLijiao Liu; Junjun Cao; Mehran Ali; Jiaxin Zhang; Zhaolong Wang. 2021. "Impact of green roof plant species on domestic wastewater treatment." Environmental Advances 4, no. : 100059.
Phytoexcretion is a novel strategy to remediate cadmium (Cd) pollution by leaf excretion in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), which involves the processes of Cd leaf excretion, root-to-leaf translocation, and root uptake. A hydroponic experiment was designed to investigate a series of 11 zinc (Zn) concentrations on Cd leaf excretion in tall fescue under 75 μM Cd stress. The results showed that the promotions of Zn on Cd leaf excretion, root-to-leaf translocation, and leaf accumulation were concentration-dependent in tall fescue. Zn treatments at 90 and 135 μM resulted in the highest Cd leaf excretion with 118.1 and 123.6 mg/kg of Cd excretion amount and 27.0 and 26.6% of excretion ratio, which were 2.6 and 2.7 fold of the control (15 μM of Zn), respectively. Cd leaf excretion was decreased when Zn treatments reached 180 μM, which could be toxic to plants as indicated by the decline of plant biomass. Zn also promoted leaf Cd accumulation and Cd translocation from roots to leaves and reached the highest at 90 and 180 μM respectively. Root Cd accumulation decreased with the increase of Zn concentrations, but the total plant Cd uptake did not decrease significantly until Zn concentration reached 90 μM. Our results indicate that 90 μM of Zn treatment can be served as the threshold to promote Cd leaf excretion and improve the efficiency of Cd phytoexcretion in tall fescue.
Shaofan Zuo; Shuai Hu; Jinliang Rao; Qin Dong; Zhaolong Wang. Zinc promotes cadmium leaf excretion and translocation in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Chemosphere 2021, 276, 130186 .
AMA StyleShaofan Zuo, Shuai Hu, Jinliang Rao, Qin Dong, Zhaolong Wang. Zinc promotes cadmium leaf excretion and translocation in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Chemosphere. 2021; 276 ():130186.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShaofan Zuo; Shuai Hu; Jinliang Rao; Qin Dong; Zhaolong Wang. 2021. "Zinc promotes cadmium leaf excretion and translocation in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea)." Chemosphere 276, no. : 130186.
Greenhouse vegetable production contributes 60% of the economic value of the world vegetable industry. However, the secondary soil salinization and nitrate accumulation in vegetable products have become critical concerns in greenhouse vegetable production system. Here we show that cauliflower intercropped with five turfgrass species not only reduces the salinity stress and nitrate accumulation of cauliflower but also improves cauliflower curd quality. Effect of soil salinity control and cauliflower nitrate reduction was associated with the capacity of salt and nitrate uptake and accumulation of turfgrass species. Paspalum vaginatum performed the most significant effects on soil salinity control, reduced 37.8% of nitrate content, increased 50.7% of vitamin C and 21.1% of soluble protein contents in cauliflower curd. Our results demonstrated that intercropping with Paspalum vaginatum could provide a significant help for the sustainable development in the intensive greenhouse vegetable production.
Shuai Hu; Lijiao Liu; Shaofan Zuo; Mehran Ali; Zhaolong Wang. Soil salinity control and cauliflower quality promotion by intercropping with five turfgrass species. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 266, 121991 .
AMA StyleShuai Hu, Lijiao Liu, Shaofan Zuo, Mehran Ali, Zhaolong Wang. Soil salinity control and cauliflower quality promotion by intercropping with five turfgrass species. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 266 ():121991.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuai Hu; Lijiao Liu; Shaofan Zuo; Mehran Ali; Zhaolong Wang. 2020. "Soil salinity control and cauliflower quality promotion by intercropping with five turfgrass species." Journal of Cleaner Production 266, no. : 121991.
This paper presents the results of an analysis of the pace of filling one of the deepest European granite quarries with water. A DTM (digital terrain model) based on data from LiDAR ALS (light detection and ranging airborne laser scanning) was used to create a model of the pit of the Strzelin I granite quarry and to determine the reach and surface area of the direct catchment of the excavation pit. The increase in the volume of water in the excavation pit was determined. Analogue maps and DTM were used to calculate the maximum depth of the pit (113.3 m), its surface area (9.71 ha), and its capacity (5.1 million m3). The volume of water collected in the excavation pit during the years 2011–2018 was determined based on the analogue base map and the DTM. The result was 0.335 million m3. Based on the data made available by the mining company, the correlation of the DTM with the orthophotomap of the mining area and additional field measurements, the ordinates of the water level in the years 2011–2018 were determined. Initially, the water surface level in the quarry was located on the ordinate of 66.6 m a.s.l. (July 20, 2011). After the pumping of water was discontinued, the level rose to 96.1 m a.s.l. (January 28, 2018). The increase in the water volume in the quarry pit during specific periods was determined (actual retention increase). The obtained data on the volume of the retained water referred to the period during which it accumulated in the quarry. On average, the net increase in water retention in the excavation pit was 138.537 m3∙d−1, and the calculated net supply from the direct catchment (16.04 ha) was 101.758 m3∙d−1. The use of DTM and measurements of the water level in the excavation pit seem to be an efficient means of estimating the pace of spontaneous filling of the quarry with water supplied from the direct physiographic catchment.
Bartosz Jawecki; Szymon Szewrański; Radosław Stodolak; Zhaolong Wang. The Use of Digital Terrain Models to Estimate the Pace of Filling the Pit of a Central European Granite Quarry with Water. Water 2019, 11, 2298 .
AMA StyleBartosz Jawecki, Szymon Szewrański, Radosław Stodolak, Zhaolong Wang. The Use of Digital Terrain Models to Estimate the Pace of Filling the Pit of a Central European Granite Quarry with Water. Water. 2019; 11 (11):2298.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBartosz Jawecki; Szymon Szewrański; Radosław Stodolak; Zhaolong Wang. 2019. "The Use of Digital Terrain Models to Estimate the Pace of Filling the Pit of a Central European Granite Quarry with Water." Water 11, no. 11: 2298.
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), an accumulator that is able to accumulate and excrete cadmium (Cd), has attracted much attention for its possible use in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. In the present study, the interaction between Cd and Zn, and their uptake, translocation and accumulation under external Cd and Zn treatment in tall fescue were investigated. The concentrations of K, Ca, Mg in xylem sap under Cd and Zn treatment were measured to determine the level of mineral nutrients and their relationship with Cd alleviation. The result showed that Cd and Zn antagonized each other in the roots, while Cd antagonized Zn and Zn synergized Cd in the shoots of tall fescue. Compared with Cd only treatment, the concentrations of Ca, Mg and K in xylem sap increased after the addition of Zn, and they increased the most in the guttation. This result indicated that the addition of Zn facilitates the level of mineral elements to alleviate Cd toxicity, which might be used to improve the phytoremediation efficiency of Cd contaminated soils by tall fescue.
Qin Dong; Shuai Hu; Ling Fei; Lijiao Liu; Zhaolong Wang. Interaction between Cd and Zn on Metal Accumulation, Translocation and Mineral Nutrition in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea). International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 3332 .
AMA StyleQin Dong, Shuai Hu, Ling Fei, Lijiao Liu, Zhaolong Wang. Interaction between Cd and Zn on Metal Accumulation, Translocation and Mineral Nutrition in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (13):3332.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQin Dong; Shuai Hu; Ling Fei; Lijiao Liu; Zhaolong Wang. 2019. "Interaction between Cd and Zn on Metal Accumulation, Translocation and Mineral Nutrition in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 13: 3332.
Cadmium (Cd) contamination of the soil is one of the most serious environmental problems of agricultural production. Phytoremediation has attracted increasing attention because it can safely remove the soil contaminates via plant uptake, accumulations and plant harvesting. However, the high Cd toxicity to plant tissues and treatment of the large amount of hazardous plant residues from phytoremediation have limited its commercial implementation. Here we show that the leaves of the tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) can excrete Cd out to avoid Cd toxicity in plant tissues. Cd specific fluorescence spectroscopy with laser confocal scanning microscope, screening electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy and guttation fluids analysis confirmed that leaf hydathodes were the pathway of Cd excretion in tall fescue. Element analysis showed that Cd was preferentially excreted out when compared to the ion nutrients. The amount of leaf Cd excretion was linearly increased in response to the Cd stress period. The phytoremediation efficiency was evaluated to remove 14.4% of soil Cd annually by the leaf Cd excretion in our experimental system. These findings indicate that a novel strategy of Cd phytoexcretion based on washing-off and collection of leaf surface Cd is feasible to avoid Cd toxic in plant tissues and the high treatment cost of hazardous plant residues.
Qin Dong; Ling Fei; Cheng Wang; Shuai Hu; Zhaolong Wang. Cadmium excretion via leaf hydathodes in tall fescue and its phytoremediation potential. Environmental Pollution 2019, 252, 1406 -1411.
AMA StyleQin Dong, Ling Fei, Cheng Wang, Shuai Hu, Zhaolong Wang. Cadmium excretion via leaf hydathodes in tall fescue and its phytoremediation potential. Environmental Pollution. 2019; 252 ():1406-1411.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQin Dong; Ling Fei; Cheng Wang; Shuai Hu; Zhaolong Wang. 2019. "Cadmium excretion via leaf hydathodes in tall fescue and its phytoremediation potential." Environmental Pollution 252, no. : 1406-1411.
Centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) is a low-maintenance turfgrass. The first extensive green roof of centipedegrass was established in TongZhou Civil Squares in 2014. However, storm-water-runoff reduction, water-retention capacity, and plant-water requirements by a centipedegrass green roof has not yet been defined. The soil moisture dynamics, rainwater-retention capacity, runoff reduction, and plant evapotranspiration were investigated by simulated centipedegrass green roof plots, which were constructed in the same manner as the green roofs in TongZhou Civil Squares in 2018. The results showed that the centipedegrass green roof retained 705.54 mm of rainwater, which consisted 47.4% of runoff reduction. The saturated soil moisture was 33.4 ± 0.6%; the excess rainfall over the saturated soil moisture resulted in runoff. The capacity of rainwater retention was negatively related to the soil moisture before rain events and was driven by plant evapotranspiration. Drought symptoms only occurred three times over the course of a year when the soil moisture dropped down to 10.97%. Our results indicate that the rainwater retained in the soil almost met the needs of plant consumption; a further increase of rainwater retention capacity might achieve an irrigation-free design in a centipedegrass green roof.
Shuai Hu; Lijiao Liu; Junjun Cao; Nan Chen; Zhaolong Wang. Water Resilience by Centipedegrass Green Roof: A Case Study. Buildings 2019, 9, 141 .
AMA StyleShuai Hu, Lijiao Liu, Junjun Cao, Nan Chen, Zhaolong Wang. Water Resilience by Centipedegrass Green Roof: A Case Study. Buildings. 2019; 9 (6):141.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuai Hu; Lijiao Liu; Junjun Cao; Nan Chen; Zhaolong Wang. 2019. "Water Resilience by Centipedegrass Green Roof: A Case Study." Buildings 9, no. 6: 141.
Building cooling by green roof is mainly dependent upon the plant performance, which maybe greatly influenced by plant species with the different photosynthetic and water use strategies. This study was conducted to investigate the different green roof cooling effects by C3 (Poa pratensis and Festuca arundinacea), C4 (Cynodon dactylon and Eremochloa ophiuroides), and CAM plant species (Sedum lineare and Callisia repens). The results showed that different plant species performed different strategies for green roof cooling. Green roof cooling with C3 and C4 plant species was mainly from their transpirations and C4 plants with higher transpiration rate performed the superior canopy cooling than C3 plants. CAM plants performed the lowest canopy cooling due to their stomata closure and lower transpiration during the daytime. All green roofs performed significant cooling in soil profile. The soil cooling by CAM green roofs could be from their canopy solar energy absorption and insulation. The significant night cooling was noticed only by the green roofs with CAM plants which could be contributed from their unique CAM energy fixation during the nighttime. Our results indicated that the green roofs with different plant species could deliver the different range of ecological and environmental benefits.
Junjun Cao; Shuai Hu; Qin Dong; Lijiao Liu; Zhaolong Wang. Green roof cooling contributed by plant species with different photosynthetic strategies. Energy and Buildings 2019, 195, 45 -50.
AMA StyleJunjun Cao, Shuai Hu, Qin Dong, Lijiao Liu, Zhaolong Wang. Green roof cooling contributed by plant species with different photosynthetic strategies. Energy and Buildings. 2019; 195 ():45-50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunjun Cao; Shuai Hu; Qin Dong; Lijiao Liu; Zhaolong Wang. 2019. "Green roof cooling contributed by plant species with different photosynthetic strategies." Energy and Buildings 195, no. : 45-50.
The treatment of large amount of hazardous plant residues from phytoextraction is cost and has been a burden for the society. This experiment was designed to evaluate the possibility of cadmium (Cd) phytoextraction by harvesting the dead leaves instead of the whole plant in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Results showed that Cd was preferentially distributed in the senescent and dead leaves. EDTA, DTPA and EGTA enhanced Cd accumulations in the dead leaves which could be associated to the increase of the water-soluble inorganic Cd and Cd-organic acid complexes in shoots. The dead leaves were only 12.6–16.3% of the total shoot biomass but accumulated 73.4–87.2% of the total shoot Cd. The results indicate that a novel strategy of Cd phytoextraction based on harvesting the dead leaves is feasible to save the high treatment cost of hazardous plant residues while maintaining the acceptable phytoextraction efficiency.
Yun Wang; Depeng Meng; Ling Fei; Qin Dong; Zhaolong Wang. A novel phytoextraction strategy based on harvesting the dead leaves: Cadmium distribution and chelator regulations among leaves of tall fescue. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 650, 3041 -3047.
AMA StyleYun Wang, Depeng Meng, Ling Fei, Qin Dong, Zhaolong Wang. A novel phytoextraction strategy based on harvesting the dead leaves: Cadmium distribution and chelator regulations among leaves of tall fescue. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 650 ():3041-3047.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYun Wang; Depeng Meng; Ling Fei; Qin Dong; Zhaolong Wang. 2018. "A novel phytoextraction strategy based on harvesting the dead leaves: Cadmium distribution and chelator regulations among leaves of tall fescue." Science of The Total Environment 650, no. : 3041-3047.
Turf provides an irreplaceable surface for recreational and sport activities in urban landscape. Sand-based rootzone is recommended for turf establishment because of its excellent compaction resistance. It is necessary to improve the water and nutrient retention of sand-based rootzone by soil amendments in maintaining healthy turf. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of rice-husk biochar on sand-based rootzone amendment and creeping bentgrass (Agrostsis stolonifera) establishment. The results showed that bulk density was linearly decreased in proportion to rice-husk biochar. Total porosity and capillary porosity, water retention, and saturated hydraulic conductivity were significantly increased in proportion to rice-husk biochar. Sand-based rootzone amended with 10% of rice-husk biochar promoted the seed germination and young seedling growth with the significantly higher growth rate, leaf emergence rate, shoot and root biomass, and turf coverage than the control. These results indicate that rice-husk biochar had superior characteristics to previous reported biochars in the sand-based rootzone amendment and could be used to improve soil physical properties and turf healthy in sports and recreation playgrounds.
Xiaoxiao Li; Xubing Chen; Marta Weber-Siwirska; Junjun Cao; Zhaolong Wang. Effects of rice-husk biochar on sand-based rootzone amendment and creeping bentgrass growth. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2018, 35, 165 -173.
AMA StyleXiaoxiao Li, Xubing Chen, Marta Weber-Siwirska, Junjun Cao, Zhaolong Wang. Effects of rice-husk biochar on sand-based rootzone amendment and creeping bentgrass growth. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2018; 35 ():165-173.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoxiao Li; Xubing Chen; Marta Weber-Siwirska; Junjun Cao; Zhaolong Wang. 2018. "Effects of rice-husk biochar on sand-based rootzone amendment and creeping bentgrass growth." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 35, no. : 165-173.
Phytoextraction efficiency of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil mainly depended upon the mechanism of plants in absorption, translocation, distribution, and detoxification of Cd. A pot experiment was designed to investigate Cd distribution and accumulation among the different leaves of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) and its regulation by Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), a biodegradable chelating agent. The results showed that Cd concentrations in the senescent and dead leaves were 3.2 and 5.3 fold of that in the emerging leaves of tall fescue, and 19.3 and 25.1 fold of that in the emerging leaves of Kentucky bluegrass, respectively. The lower Cd concentrations were maintained in the emerging and mature leaves to avoid Cd toxicity. In the emerging and mature leaves, Cd was mainly accumulated in the vascular bundles and epidermis. No Cd dithizonate color was observed in the mesophyll tissues of Kentucky bluegrass and only minor Cd was observed in the mesophyll tissues of tall fescue. In the senescent leaves, Cd dithizonate complexes were located in the protoplasts and cell walls of all leaf tissues. NTA greatly promoted Cd translocation and distribution to the senescent and dead leaves of tall fescue, but no significant effect was observed in Kentucky bluegrass. Our results indicate that a young leaf protection mechanism might be involved in their Cd hypertolerance. The Cd preferential accumulation could lead a novel phytoextraction strategy by the continuously harvesting the senescent and dead leaves of tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass.
Ling Fei; Peixian Xu; Qin Dong; Qi Mo; Zhaolong Wang. Young leaf protection from cadmium accumulation and regulation of nitrilotriacetic acid in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis). Chemosphere 2018, 212, 124 -132.
AMA StyleLing Fei, Peixian Xu, Qin Dong, Qi Mo, Zhaolong Wang. Young leaf protection from cadmium accumulation and regulation of nitrilotriacetic acid in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis). Chemosphere. 2018; 212 ():124-132.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLing Fei; Peixian Xu; Qin Dong; Qi Mo; Zhaolong Wang. 2018. "Young leaf protection from cadmium accumulation and regulation of nitrilotriacetic acid in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis)." Chemosphere 212, no. : 124-132.
Green roofs are becoming a major nature‐based solution to reduce urban stormwater run‐off worldwide. Run‐off reduction and retention mainly depend on the hydrological characteristics of substrates and the water use strategies of plants. However, little is known about how plant species affect the hydrological performance of green roofs. Two commonly used succulent plants and four turfgrass species were investigated for their impacts on the hydrological performance and run‐off reduction of green roof lysimeters under controlled conditions using a rainfall simulator. The results showed that two succulent plants (Sedum lineare and Callisia repens) did not make significant contributions to canopy interception in any of the four seasons and made only minor contributions to evapotranspiration (ET) water loss in autumn and winter, resulting in minor effects on run‐off reduction by the green roofs. Festuca arundinacea contributed 47.4~116.7% of water loss via transpiration and 36.5% of run‐off reduction under a 25 mm/d rainfall intensity in spring and 48.0% of run‐off reduction under a 10 mm/d rainfall intensity in winter. Poa pratensis, Lolium perenne, and Agrostis stolonifera also significantly reduced run‐off. Run‐off reductions by extensive green roofs were mainly caused by ET rather than by their canopy interceptions. Plant shoot biomass and ET were the primary factors controlling the run‐off reduction by extensive green roofs. Our results strongly suggest that the run‐off reduction capacity of extensive green roofs can be greatly improved by selecting plant species with a higher shoot biomass and ET rate.
Xiaoxiao Li; Junjun Cao; Peixian Xu; Ling Fei; Qin Dong; Zhaolong Wang. Green roofs: Effects of plant species used on runoff. Land Degradation & Development 2018, 29, 3628 -3638.
AMA StyleXiaoxiao Li, Junjun Cao, Peixian Xu, Ling Fei, Qin Dong, Zhaolong Wang. Green roofs: Effects of plant species used on runoff. Land Degradation & Development. 2018; 29 (10):3628-3638.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoxiao Li; Junjun Cao; Peixian Xu; Ling Fei; Qin Dong; Zhaolong Wang. 2018. "Green roofs: Effects of plant species used on runoff." Land Degradation & Development 29, no. 10: 3628-3638.
Organic acids play an important role in cadmium availability, uptake, translocation, and detoxification. A sand culture experiment was designed to investigate the effects of citric acid on Cd uptake, translocation, and accumulation in tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass. The results showed that two grass species presented different Cd chemical forms, organic acid components and amount in roots. The dormant Cd accumulated in roots of tall fescue was the pectate- and protein- integrated form, which contributed by 84.85%. However, in Kentucky bluegrass, the pectate- and protein- integrated Cd was only contributed by 35.78%, and the higher proportion of Cd form was the water soluble Cd-organic acid complexes. In tall fescue, citric acid dramatically enhanced 2.8 fold of Cd uptake, 3 fold of root Cd accumulation, and 2.3 fold of shoot Cd accumulation. In Kentucky bluegrass, citric acid promoted Cd accumulation in roots, but significantly decreased Cd accumulation in shoots. These results suggested that the enhancements of citric acid on Cd uptake, translocation, and accumulation in tall fescue was associated with its promotion of organic acids and the water soluble Cd-organic acid complexes in roots.
Shuting Wang; Qin Dong; Zhaolong Wang. Differential effects of citric acid on cadmium uptake and accumulation between tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2017, 145, 200 -206.
AMA StyleShuting Wang, Qin Dong, Zhaolong Wang. Differential effects of citric acid on cadmium uptake and accumulation between tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2017; 145 ():200-206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuting Wang; Qin Dong; Zhaolong Wang. 2017. "Differential effects of citric acid on cadmium uptake and accumulation between tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 145, no. : 200-206.
The efficiency of phytoremediation is mainly dependent on the capacity of plants in absorption, translocation, and accumulation of Cd. This study was designed to investigate whether Cd translocation and accumulation in tall fescue plants was regulated by foliar application of KH2PO4. The results showed that the foliar application of KH2PO4 significantly increased Cd concentration and total Cd accumulated in leaves and the capacity of Cd extraction, compared to the root application. The water-soluble organic acid complexes and the pectate- and protein-integrated Cd were the two major Cd chemical forms deposited in leaves. The foliar application increased Cd in the pectate- and protein-integrated forms and decreased the water-soluble forms in leaves. Cd phosphates were not the major chemical forms deposited in leaves in both foliar and root applications. The results indicated that the foliar application of KH2PO4 enhanced Cd accumulation in leaves of tall fescue, which might be associated with the leaf deposit of the pectate- and protein-integrated Cd forms.
Depeng Meng; Peixian Xu; Qin Dong; Shuting Wang; Zhaolong Wang. Comparison of Foliar and Root Application of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate in Regulating Cadmium Translocation and Accumulation in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2017, 228, 118 .
AMA StyleDepeng Meng, Peixian Xu, Qin Dong, Shuting Wang, Zhaolong Wang. Comparison of Foliar and Root Application of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate in Regulating Cadmium Translocation and Accumulation in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2017; 228 (3):118.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDepeng Meng; Peixian Xu; Qin Dong; Shuting Wang; Zhaolong Wang. 2017. "Comparison of Foliar and Root Application of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate in Regulating Cadmium Translocation and Accumulation in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 228, no. 3: 118.
Phytoremediation efficiency mainly depends upon the plant mechanism in uptake and translocation of the soil contaminants. Cadmium distributions and translocations in roots and shoots of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) were observed by fluorescence spectroscopy with a laser confocal scanning microscope. No difference in root Cd accumulations was detected between these two turfgrass species. Kentucky bluegrass transported more Cd into the stele for root-to-shoot translocation and resulted in significantly higher Cd concentrations in leaves. In tall fescue, the less Cd transported into the stele in roots and more Cd was excreted to the cuticle layer in leaves. These results suggested that both turfgrass species were hypertolerant to Cd through distinct distribution patterns in leaves and roots.
Qin Dong; Peixian Xu; Zhaolong Wang. Differential Cadmium Distribution and Translocation in Roots and Shoots Related to Hyper-Tolerance between Tall Fescue and Kentucky Bluegrass. Frontiers in Plant Science 2017, 8, 113 .
AMA StyleQin Dong, Peixian Xu, Zhaolong Wang. Differential Cadmium Distribution and Translocation in Roots and Shoots Related to Hyper-Tolerance between Tall Fescue and Kentucky Bluegrass. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2017; 8 ():113.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQin Dong; Peixian Xu; Zhaolong Wang. 2017. "Differential Cadmium Distribution and Translocation in Roots and Shoots Related to Hyper-Tolerance between Tall Fescue and Kentucky Bluegrass." Frontiers in Plant Science 8, no. : 113.
Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) were exposed to cadmium (40, 80 mg Cd kg−1) for 9 weeks to compare their cadmium tolerance and accumulation. Results showed that the cadmium inhibited the growth of all plants. The shoot and root biomass of black nightshade was significantly declined under 40 mg Cd kg−1, while Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue were tolerant to 40 mg Cd kg−1 without significant decline of the plant biomass. The total Cd accumulation in Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, and black nightshade was 418.6, 383.4, and 9.4 mg m−2 under 40 mg Cd kg−1, and 1114.9, 761.5, and 63.7 mg m−2 under 80 mg Cd kg−1, respectively. Under 40- and 80-mg Cd kg−1 treatments, the phytoextraction rate was 2.10 and 4.64 % in Kentucky bluegrass, 0.71 and 1.40 % in tall fescue, and only 0.12 and 0.43 % in black nightshade, respectively. Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue showed better Cd tolerance and higher Cd accumulation than black nightshade, indicating that Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue have potential phytostabilization capability in cadmium-contaminated soils.
Peixian Xu; Zhaolong Wang. A Comparison Study in Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation in Two Cool-Season Turfgrasses and Solanum nigrum L. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2014, 225, 1 -9.
AMA StylePeixian Xu, Zhaolong Wang. A Comparison Study in Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation in Two Cool-Season Turfgrasses and Solanum nigrum L. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2014; 225 (5):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeixian Xu; Zhaolong Wang. 2014. "A Comparison Study in Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation in Two Cool-Season Turfgrasses and Solanum nigrum L." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 225, no. 5: 1-9.
Peixian Xu; Zhaolong Wang. Physiological mechanism of hypertolerance of cadmium in Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue: Chemical forms and tissue distribution. Environmental and Experimental Botany 2013, 96, 35 -42.
AMA StylePeixian Xu, Zhaolong Wang. Physiological mechanism of hypertolerance of cadmium in Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue: Chemical forms and tissue distribution. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2013; 96 ():35-42.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeixian Xu; Zhaolong Wang. 2013. "Physiological mechanism of hypertolerance of cadmium in Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue: Chemical forms and tissue distribution." Environmental and Experimental Botany 96, no. : 35-42.
Plant tolerance is one of the preconditions in soil phytoremediation. The physiological responses and tolerance threshold of centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) were investigated under eight different Cd concentrations (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, and 420 mg Cd kg−1) in a sand culture system. The results showed that turf quality, leaf relative water content (RWC), leaf electrolyte leakage (EL), leaf osmotic potential did not show significant changes under 180 mg Cd kg−1 compared with the control, and relative growth rate (RGR), turf density, leaf chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) did not show significant changes under 240 mg Cd kg−1 compared with the control throughout the whole experiment. Regression analysis was used to determine the threshold Cd concentrations for each physiological parameter and the most sensitive parameter occurred by RWC of 197 mg Cd kg−1 which was chose as Cd tolerance threshold in centipedegrass because under this concentration the plant did not show any significant difference with the control in all growth and physiological parameters measured in this experiment. The phytoextration rate of centipedegrass reached 0.87% in 36 d under 180 mg Cd kg−1 treatment.
Yiming Liu; Kai Wang; Peixian Xu; Zhaolong Wang. Physiological Responses and Tolerance Threshold to Cadmium Contamination in Eremochloa Ophiuroides. International Journal of Phytoremediation 2012, 14, 467 -480.
AMA StyleYiming Liu, Kai Wang, Peixian Xu, Zhaolong Wang. Physiological Responses and Tolerance Threshold to Cadmium Contamination in Eremochloa Ophiuroides. International Journal of Phytoremediation. 2012; 14 (5):467-480.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYiming Liu; Kai Wang; Peixian Xu; Zhaolong Wang. 2012. "Physiological Responses and Tolerance Threshold to Cadmium Contamination in Eremochloa Ophiuroides." International Journal of Phytoremediation 14, no. 5: 467-480.