The soils in the common bean-producing regions (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of Brazil are usually acid and conta\y66\yin toxic levels of aluminum (Al) for plants. This ion causes yield losses by inhibiting root cell expansion, thus reducing water and nutrient uptake. This study investigates the optimal Al concentration for the screening of genotypes in hydroponics cultivation and tries to identify cultivars and lines for cultivation in Al-toxic soils. The study consisted of two series of experiments. In the first one, four cultivars were evaluated at five Al concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 ppm) and in the second, four independent tests were carried out (1-carioca, 2-black, 3-red, and 4-white), each with seven genotypes and two Al concentrations (0 and 4 ppm). The optimized concentration of Al in the first stage was 4 ppm, which allowed the early identification of genotypes with less affected development under Al toxicity in the second stage. The common bean cultivars IPR Quero-Quero (carioca group), BRS Esplendor (black group), KID 44 (red group), and WLine 5 (white group) may be indicated for cultivation under Al toxicity.

Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are an important source of proteins, carbohydrates, and micronutrients in the diets of millions of people in Latin America and Africa. Studies related to genetic variability in the accumulation and distribution of nutrients are valuable for biofortification programs, as there is evidence that the seed coat and embryo differ in the bioavailability of essential nutrients. In this study, we sought to evaluate the genetic variability of total mineral content in the grain and its constituent parts (seed coat, cotyledon, and embryonic axis) of bean genotypes from Mesoamerican and Andean centers of origin. Grain samples of 10 bean cultivars were analyzed for the content of proteins and minerals (Mg, Ca, K, P, Mn, S, Cu, B, Fe, and Zn) in the whole grains and seed coat, cotyledons, and embryonic axis tissues. Genetic variability was observed among the cultivars for protein content and all evaluated minerals. Moreover, differential accumulation of minerals was observed in the seed coat, cotyledons, and embryonic axis. Except for Ca, which accumulated predominantly in the seed coat, higher percentages of minerals were detected in the cotyledons. Furthermore, 100-grain mass values showed negative correlations with the contents of Ca, Mg, P, Zn, Fe, and Mn in whole grains or in the different grain tissues. In general, the Mesoamerican cultivars showed a higher concentration of minerals in the grains, whereas Andean cultivars showed higher concentrations of protein.

REMOTE SENSING ALLOWS TO ESTIMATE WATER STRESS AND YIELD LOSSES OF BEAN CULTIVARS DANIEL SOARES ALVES1; PABLO RICARDO NITSCHE1; VANIA MODA CIRINO2; MARIA BRIGIDA DOS SANTOS SCHOLZ1; JOSÉ DOS SANTOS NETO2 E PAULO HENRIQUE CARAMORI1 1 Área de Agrometeorologia, Ecofisiologia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná IAPAR – EMATER, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, 375, Conjunto Ernani Moura Lima II, 86.047 – 902, Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. danielsoares@idr.pr.gov.br; pablo.nitsche@idr.pr.gov.br; mbscholz@iapar.br; pcaramori@gmail.com 2 Área de Melhoramento e Propagação Vegetal, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná IAPAR – EMATER, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, 375, Conjunto Ernani Moura Lima II, 86.047 – 902, Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. vamoci@idr.pr.gov.br ; js.neto@idr.pr.gov.br 1 ABSTRACT Reflectance measurements can indicate the physiological quality of plants and contribute to the correct differentiation of cultivars. Here, we studied the spectral responses at wavelengths of 410–810 nm of four common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars subjected to water stress in the flowering stage at the Rural Development Institute of Paraná in Londrina, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The reflectance values presented differences among the water regimes treatments at the wavelengths studied. For plants without water stress, it was possible to distinguish between IPR Andorinha and IPR Colibri cultivars using wavelengths of 460 and 760 nm, respectively. With a wavelength of 810 nm, there was a differentiation among IPR Andorinha (reflectance of 25.13%), IAC Imperador (23.51%), and IPR Colibri (21.92%) cultivars; however, the latter was not significantly different from the IPR Curió (22.26%) cultivar. The highest correlations with yield (R2 > 0.90) occurred at wavelengths of 460, 510, 560, 610, and 710 nm. The water treatments increased the protein content only for IPR Andorinha cultivars. It is concluded that the spectral response correlates with productivity and makes it possible to identify the water status of bean cultivars. This demonstrates that remote sensing techniques can be used to identify water stress in this crop. Keywords: irrigation, Phaseolus vulgaris, reflectance, drought. ALVES, D. S.; NITSCHE, P. R.; CIRINO, V. M; SCHOLZ, M. B. S; NETO, J. D. S; CARAMORI, P. H. SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO PERMITE ESTIMAR O DÉFICIT HÍDRICO E PERDAS DE RENDIMENTO EM CULTIVARES DE FEIJÃO 2 RESUMO Medidas de reflectância podem indicar a qualidade fisiológica das plantas e contribuir para a correta diferenciação de cultivares. Estudou-se a resposta espectral, nos comprimentos de onda (λ) de 410 a 810 nm, em quatro cultivares de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris) submetidas ao déficit hídrico no florescimento, no Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná, em Londrina – PR. A reflectância foi distinta entre os regimes hídricos em todos os comprimentos de onda (λ). Nos tratamentos sem déficit hídrico foi possível diferenciar as cultivares IPR Andorinha e IPR Colibri com λ de 460 nm e 760 nm, respectivamente. Com λ de 810 nm, houve diferenciação entre as cultivares IPR Andorinha (reflectância de 25,13%), IAC Imperador (23,51%) e IPR Colibri (21,92%), esta última sem diferença significativa com a cultivar IPR Curió (22,26%). As maiores correlações com a produtividade (R2 > 0,90) ocorreram com λ de 460, 510, 560, 610 e 710nm. Os tratamentos hídricos promoveram aumento no teor de proteína apenas para a cultivar IPR Andorinha. Conclui-se que a resposta espectral se correlaciona com a produtividade e possibilita identificar o status hídrico de cultivares de feijão. Isto permite o uso das técnicas de sensoriamento remoto como ferramenta auxiliar na identificação de estresse hídrico na cultura. Palavras-chave: irrigação, Phaseolus vulgaris, reflectância, seca.