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Dr. Deirdre Hennessy
Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland

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0 Environmental Sustainability
0 Grazing Management
0 white clover
0 Grass growth
0 Milk production from grazed pasture

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Original article
Published: 12 July 2021 in Grass and Forage Science
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Autumn closing date (CD) in intensive pasture-based systems influences spring herbage availability. Little is known about the impact of earlier closing of swards in autumn on sward structure. A two-year experiment was undertaken to investigate the impact of five CD on herbage production, leaf extension rate (LER), leaf senescence rates (LSR), sward free leaf lamina (FLL) content and the production and survival of tillers over winter and into spring. The five CD ranges were October 1–15 (CD1), October 16–30 (CD2), October 31––November 14 (CD3), November 15–29 (CD4), November 30–December 14 (CD5) and sward measurements were made on four measurement dates (MD): December 11 (MD1), January 6 (MD2), January 27 (MD3) and prior to spring defoliation (MD4). Thirty perennial ryegrass tillers were measured until the first defoliation in spring (average 1 March). Herbage mass was greatest in early CD and tillers had greater LER and LSR (4.6 and 4.5 mm tiller−1 day−1 respectively) compared to swards with a later CD (3.2 and 2.3 mm tiller−1 day−1 respectively). Early CD had greater parent and daughter tiller mortality than later CD (parent tiller mortality 1.1 and 0.3 ± 0.19 tillers; daughter tiller mortality 1.1 and 0.3 ± 0.27 tillers respectively). Early CD also had greater LER and LSR in daughter tillers (2.6 and 1.5 mm tiller−1 day−1, respectively) compared to late (1.5 and 0.5 mm tiller−1 day−1, respectively). Earlier closing of sward increased herbage mass in spring, however, there were negative implications, such as increased LSR and tiller mortality.

ACS Style

Caitlin Looney; Deirdre Hennessy; Astrid Wingler; Michael Egan. The effect of autumn closing date on over winter tissue turnover in perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) swards. Grass and Forage Science 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Caitlin Looney, Deirdre Hennessy, Astrid Wingler, Michael Egan. The effect of autumn closing date on over winter tissue turnover in perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) swards. Grass and Forage Science. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Caitlin Looney; Deirdre Hennessy; Astrid Wingler; Michael Egan. 2021. "The effect of autumn closing date on over winter tissue turnover in perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) swards." Grass and Forage Science , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 10 July 2021 in Animal Feed Science and Technology
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Optimising nutrition for animals requires accurate estimates of feed intake. In research studies determining feed intake in grazing animals can be problematic with many methods requiring individual housing. The n-alkane technique whereby long chain alkanes are used as internal markers for predicting dry matter intake (DMI), facilitates estimation of feed intake from animals while grazing. The aim of this study is to determine the suitability of the n-alkane technique for estimating grass DMI from sheep grazing perennial ryegrass at three different herbage masses and across three seasons. A total of 242 in vivo DMI measurements were obtained from 50 Texel wethers across spring, summer and autumn from 2012 to 2014 using the total collection method; whereby herbage offered and refused plus total faeces produced was measured for each animal daily. Animals were offered perennial ryegrass ad libitium which was harvested at three different pre-grazing herbage masses (HM; low (3000 kg DM/ha), across three separate seasons (spring, summer and autumn). All animals were dosed once daily with a C32 n-alkane bolus for 12 days with a subsample of faeces collected for the final six days of each measurement phase. Lin’s concordance correlations were used to examine the relationship between each n-alkane pair when predicting DMI. The Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients between n-alkane estimated DMI using the ratio of C31 / C32 and C33 / C32 and measured DMI were 0.46 and 0.59, respectively. The r-squared value between measured DMI and n-alkane estimated DMI was 0.76 using the n-alkane pair C31 / C32 and 0.79 for the n-alkane pair C33 / C32. Herbage mass affected DMI with animals offered the low HM treatment having higher intakes (P < 0.05). Offering animals low and medium HM provided a more accurate estimate of DMI using the n-alkane technique. Thus, this research provides evidence that the n-alkane technique can be used as a reliable predictor of perennial ryegrass intake in sheep, when offered HM less than 2999 kg DM/ha.

ACS Style

F. McGovern; B. Garry; P. Creighton; N. Galvin; D. Hennessy; E. Kennedy; N. McHugh; M. O’Donovan; M. Beecher. Validating the n-alkane technique for determining herbage dry matter intake in sheep offered perennial ryegrass harvested at varying growth stages and seasons. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2021, 279, 115025 .

AMA Style

F. McGovern, B. Garry, P. Creighton, N. Galvin, D. Hennessy, E. Kennedy, N. McHugh, M. O’Donovan, M. Beecher. Validating the n-alkane technique for determining herbage dry matter intake in sheep offered perennial ryegrass harvested at varying growth stages and seasons. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2021; 279 ():115025.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. McGovern; B. Garry; P. Creighton; N. Galvin; D. Hennessy; E. Kennedy; N. McHugh; M. O’Donovan; M. Beecher. 2021. "Validating the n-alkane technique for determining herbage dry matter intake in sheep offered perennial ryegrass harvested at varying growth stages and seasons." Animal Feed Science and Technology 279, no. : 115025.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in Journal of Dairy Science
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White clover (WC) offers an alternative source of nitrogen (N) for pasture-based systems. Substituting energy- and carbon-intensive synthetic N fertilizers with N derived from biological fixation by WC has been highlighted as a promising environmental mitigation strategy through the omission of emissions, pollutants, and energy usage during the production and application of synthetic fertilizer. Therefore, the objective was to investigate the effect of the inclusion of WC in perennial ryegrass (PRG) swards on the environmental impact of pasture-based dairy systems. Cradle-to-farm gate life cycle assessment of 3 pasture-based dairy systems were conducted: (1) a PRG-WC sward receiving 150 kg of N/ha per year (CL150), (2) a PRG-WC sward receiving 250 kg of N/ha per year (CL250), and (3) a PRG-only sward receiving 250 kg of N/ha per year (GR250). A dairy environmental model was updated with country-specific N excretion equations and recently developed N2O, NH3, and NO3- emission factors. The environmental impact categories assessed were global warming potential, nonrenewable energy, acidification potential, and eutrophication potential (marine and freshwater). Impact categories were expressed using 2 functional units: per hectare and per metric tonne of fat- and protein-corrected milk. The GR250 system had the lowest milk production and highest global warming potential, nonrenewable energy, and acidification potential per tonne of fat- and protein-corrected milk for all systems. The CL250 system produced the most milk and had the highest environmental impact across all categories when expressed on an area basis. It also had the highest marine eutrophication potential for both functional units. The impact category freshwater eutrophication potential did not differ across the 3 systems. The CL150 system had the lowest environmental impact across all categories and functional units. This life cycle assessment study demonstrates that the substitution of synthetic N fertilizer with atmospheric N fixed by WC has potential to reduce the environmental impact of intensive pasture-based dairy systems in temperate regions, not only through improvement in animal performance but also through the reduction in total emissions and pollutants contributing to the environmental indicators assessed.

ACS Style

Jonathan Herron; Deirdre Hennessy; Thomas P. Curran; Aidan Moloney; Donal O'Brien. The simulated environmental impact of incorporating white clover into pasture-based dairy production systems. Journal of Dairy Science 2021, 104, 7902 -7918.

AMA Style

Jonathan Herron, Deirdre Hennessy, Thomas P. Curran, Aidan Moloney, Donal O'Brien. The simulated environmental impact of incorporating white clover into pasture-based dairy production systems. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021; 104 (7):7902-7918.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jonathan Herron; Deirdre Hennessy; Thomas P. Curran; Aidan Moloney; Donal O'Brien. 2021. "The simulated environmental impact of incorporating white clover into pasture-based dairy production systems." Journal of Dairy Science 104, no. 7: 7902-7918.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in Journal of Dairy Science
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Correlating volatile compounds with the sensory attributes of whole milk powder (WMP) is fundamental for appreciating the effect of lipid oxidation (LO) on sensory perception. LO compounds can adversely affect the sensory perception of WMP by imparting rancid, metallic, and painty notes. Whole milk powders derived from milk produced by cows maintained on a pasture diet (grass and grass-clover mix) versus a nonpasture diet [total mixed ration (TMR); concentrates and silage] were stored at room temperature 21°C (ambient storage) and 37°C (accelerated storage) and analyzed for volatile compounds and sensory attributes every 2 mo for a total of 6 mo. Thirteen volatile compounds originating from LO were chosen to track the volatile profile of the WMP during storage. Color, composition, total fatty acid, and free fatty acid profiling were also carried out. Significant variations in the concentrations of 14 fatty acids were observed in WMP based on diet. Concentrations of free fatty acids increased in all sample types during storage. Similar trends in sensory attributes were observed with an increase in painty attributes, corresponding to an increase in hexanal. Buttery/toffee attributes were found to be more closely correlated with TMR WMP. Those WMP derived from pasture diets were found to be more susceptible to LO from a volatile perspective, particularly in relation to aldehyde development, which is likely due to increased concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid found in these samples.

ACS Style

H.J. Clarke; C. Griffin; D. Hennessy; T.F. O'Callaghan; M.G. O'Sullivan; J.P. Kerry; K.N. Kilcawley. Effect of bovine feeding system (pasture or concentrate) on the oxidative and sensory shelf life of whole milk powder. Journal of Dairy Science 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

H.J. Clarke, C. Griffin, D. Hennessy, T.F. O'Callaghan, M.G. O'Sullivan, J.P. Kerry, K.N. Kilcawley. Effect of bovine feeding system (pasture or concentrate) on the oxidative and sensory shelf life of whole milk powder. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

H.J. Clarke; C. Griffin; D. Hennessy; T.F. O'Callaghan; M.G. O'Sullivan; J.P. Kerry; K.N. Kilcawley. 2021. "Effect of bovine feeding system (pasture or concentrate) on the oxidative and sensory shelf life of whole milk powder." Journal of Dairy Science , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 12 March 2021 in Foods
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Seasonal calving, pasture-based dairy systems are widely practiced in countries with a temperate climate and plentiful rainfall such as Ireland and New Zealand. This approach maximizes milk production from pasture and, consequently, is a low-cost, low-input dairy production system. On the other hand, the majority of global milk supply is derived from high input indoor total mixed ration systems where seasonal calving is not practiced due to the dependence on ensiled silages, grains and concentrated feeds, which are available year-round. Synchronous changes in the macro and micronutrients in milk are much more noticeable as lactation progresses through early, mid and late stages in seasonal systems compared to non-seasonal systems—which can have implications on the processability and functionality of milk.

ACS Style

Mark Timlin; John Tobin; André Brodkorb; Eoin Murphy; Pat Dillon; Deirdre Hennessy; Michael O’Donovan; Karina Pierce; Tom O’Callaghan. The Impact of Seasonality in Pasture-Based Production Systems on Milk Composition and Functionality. Foods 2021, 10, 607 .

AMA Style

Mark Timlin, John Tobin, André Brodkorb, Eoin Murphy, Pat Dillon, Deirdre Hennessy, Michael O’Donovan, Karina Pierce, Tom O’Callaghan. The Impact of Seasonality in Pasture-Based Production Systems on Milk Composition and Functionality. Foods. 2021; 10 (3):607.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mark Timlin; John Tobin; André Brodkorb; Eoin Murphy; Pat Dillon; Deirdre Hennessy; Michael O’Donovan; Karina Pierce; Tom O’Callaghan. 2021. "The Impact of Seasonality in Pasture-Based Production Systems on Milk Composition and Functionality." Foods 10, no. 3: 607.

Journal article
Published: 16 February 2021 in Sustainability
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The aim of this study was to model the productivity, profitability and the nitrogen (N) utilisation efficiency (NUE) of two spring-calving pasture-based milk production systems differing in milking frequency and intensification levels in New Zealand. For this purpose, physical performance data from a low-intensity production system where cows were milked once per day (OAD-LI) and from a high-intensity production system where cows were milked twice per day (TAD-HI) were employed. OAD-LI cows were milked once-daily with a stocking rate (SR) of 2.1 cows/ha and fed diets with low supplementation (304 kg pasture silage/cow) with applications of 134 kg N fertiliser/ha and TAD-HI cows were milked twice-daily with a SR of 2.8 cows/ha and fed diets of higher supplementation (429 kg pasture silage and 1695 kg concentrate/cow) with applications of 87 kg N fertiliser/ha. The Moorepark Dairy System Model was used to evaluate production, economic performance and N balance on an annual basis. Despite the higher feed costs of TAD-HI as more supplementation was utilised, profitability per hectare was 16% higher because more cows were milked with a higher milk yield per cow (milking frequency) when compared to OAD-LI. At the cow level, the NUE was higher in TAD-HI (30% vs. 27%) reflecting the better balanced diet for energy and crude protein and higher milk yields as a result of milking frequency. At the farm scale the NUE was higher (38% vs. 26%) in the TAD-HI due to the losses associated with the imported feed being excluded and higher N captured in milk. These results suggest that milking frequency, the use of feed supplementation and application of N fertiliser as management tools on grazing dairy systems affect productivity, profitability and N balance. Further studies are required to find optimal stocking rates in combination with the use of supplementary feed and N fertiliser application that maximize milk production and profitability for OAD and TAD milking production systems but minimize N losses.

ACS Style

Martín Correa-Luna; Daniel Donaghy; Peter Kemp; Laurence Shalloo; Elodie Ruelle; Deirdre Hennessy; Nicolás López-Villalobos. Productivity, Profitability and Nitrogen Utilisation Efficiency of Two Pasture-Based Milk Production Systems Differing in the Milking Frequency and Feeding Level. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2098 .

AMA Style

Martín Correa-Luna, Daniel Donaghy, Peter Kemp, Laurence Shalloo, Elodie Ruelle, Deirdre Hennessy, Nicolás López-Villalobos. Productivity, Profitability and Nitrogen Utilisation Efficiency of Two Pasture-Based Milk Production Systems Differing in the Milking Frequency and Feeding Level. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2098.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martín Correa-Luna; Daniel Donaghy; Peter Kemp; Laurence Shalloo; Elodie Ruelle; Deirdre Hennessy; Nicolás López-Villalobos. 2021. "Productivity, Profitability and Nitrogen Utilisation Efficiency of Two Pasture-Based Milk Production Systems Differing in the Milking Frequency and Feeding Level." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2098.

Journal article
Published: 26 January 2021 in Animals
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Intake and digestibility are key drivers of animal production from grazed forage. The objective of this study was to compare the in vivo digestibility and voluntary dry matter (DM) intake of grass-only and grass-white clover (grass-clover) forage in individually housed sheep. This study was a Latin square design, repeated on three occasions in 2017: Spring (27 March–29 April), summer (19 June–22 July) and autumn (4 September–29 September). Grass-clover and grass-only swards were harvested daily and offered ad libitum to 6 individually housed wether sheep per treatment per period. Digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were determined using the total faecal collection method. Dry matter intake was not significantly different between treatments. White clover inclusion increased forage crude protein concentration in autumn (p < 0.001) and reduced NDF concentration in the offered forage (p < 0.001), increasing nitrogen intake per sheep in autumn (p < 0.001) and decreasing NDF intake per sheep in autumn (p < 0.001). Grass-clover swards had a significantly greater OM and DM digestibility compared to grass-only swards (p < 0.05). This could potentially result in increased animal production from grass-clover swards compared to grass-only swards.

ACS Style

MaryAnne Hurley; Eva Lewis; Marion Beecher; Brian Garry; Christina Fleming; Tommy Boland; Deirdre Hennessy. Dry Matter Intake and In Vivo Digestibility of Grass-Only and Grass-White Clover in Individually Housed Sheep in Spring, Summer and Autumn. Animals 2021, 11, 306 .

AMA Style

MaryAnne Hurley, Eva Lewis, Marion Beecher, Brian Garry, Christina Fleming, Tommy Boland, Deirdre Hennessy. Dry Matter Intake and In Vivo Digestibility of Grass-Only and Grass-White Clover in Individually Housed Sheep in Spring, Summer and Autumn. Animals. 2021; 11 (2):306.

Chicago/Turabian Style

MaryAnne Hurley; Eva Lewis; Marion Beecher; Brian Garry; Christina Fleming; Tommy Boland; Deirdre Hennessy. 2021. "Dry Matter Intake and In Vivo Digestibility of Grass-Only and Grass-White Clover in Individually Housed Sheep in Spring, Summer and Autumn." Animals 11, no. 2: 306.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2020 in Foods
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The influence of diet on the water-soluble vitamin composition of skim milk powder and whey protein ingredients produced from the milk of cows fed pasture or concentrate-based diets was examined. Fifty-one Holstein-Friesian cows were randomly assigned into three diets (n = 17) consisting of outdoor grazing of perennial ryegrass (GRS), perennial ryegrass/white clover (CLV), or indoor feeding of total mixed ration (TMR) for an entire lactation. Raw mid-lactation milk from each group was processed into skim milk powder and further processed to yield micellar casein whey and acid whey. Sweet whey was also produced by renneting of pasteurised whole milk from each system. The water-soluble vitamin profile of each sample was analysed using a combination of direct injection mass spectrometry and reverse-phase liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Vitamin B3 and B3-amide concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in TMR-derived samples than in those from CLV and GRS, respectively. Vitamin B1, B2, and B7 concentrations were significantly higher in GRS and CLV-derived samples than those from TMR. Significant differences in vitamins B1, B2, and B3-amide were also observed between protein ingredient types. This study indicates that bovine feeding systems have a significant effect on B vitamin composition across a range of protein ingredient types.

ACS Style

Jonathan B. Magan; Tom F. O’Callaghan; Jiamin Zheng; Lun Zhang; Rupasri Mandal; Deirdre Hennessy; Mark A. Fenelon; David S. Wishart; Alan L. Kelly; Noel A. McCarthy. Effect of Diet on the Vitamin B Profile of Bovine Milk-Based Protein Ingredients. Foods 2020, 9, 578 .

AMA Style

Jonathan B. Magan, Tom F. O’Callaghan, Jiamin Zheng, Lun Zhang, Rupasri Mandal, Deirdre Hennessy, Mark A. Fenelon, David S. Wishart, Alan L. Kelly, Noel A. McCarthy. Effect of Diet on the Vitamin B Profile of Bovine Milk-Based Protein Ingredients. Foods. 2020; 9 (5):578.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jonathan B. Magan; Tom F. O’Callaghan; Jiamin Zheng; Lun Zhang; Rupasri Mandal; Deirdre Hennessy; Mark A. Fenelon; David S. Wishart; Alan L. Kelly; Noel A. McCarthy. 2020. "Effect of Diet on the Vitamin B Profile of Bovine Milk-Based Protein Ingredients." Foods 9, no. 5: 578.

Discussion
Published: 20 March 2020 in Sustainability
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In temperate regions of Europe where grass grows for most of the year, grazed pasture is the lowest cost feed for milk production. Grazed pasture can make a contribution to dairy cow feeding systems in other parts of Europe, but is less important. While there are many challenges to maintaining or increasing the proportion of grazed grass in dairy cow diets, there are also opportunities to increase its contribution. Grass use and quality can be challenging for several reasons, including the cow and sward interaction, and factors influencing dry matter intake. Adapting grazing management strategies can provide opportunities for incorporating grazing and perhaps increase grazing in dairy cow milk production systems. Pasture management tools and techniques offer the opportunity to increase herbage use at grazing. While there are many benefits of grazing including economic, environmental, animal welfare and social, there are also the challenges to maintaining grazed pasture in dairy cow diets. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of the challenges and opportunities for grazing in dairy milk production systems.

ACS Style

Deirdre Hennessy; Luc Delaby; Agnes Van Den Pol-Van Dasselaar; Laurence Shalloo. Increasing Grazing in Dairy Cow Milk Production Systems in Europe. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2443 .

AMA Style

Deirdre Hennessy, Luc Delaby, Agnes Van Den Pol-Van Dasselaar, Laurence Shalloo. Increasing Grazing in Dairy Cow Milk Production Systems in Europe. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2443.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deirdre Hennessy; Luc Delaby; Agnes Van Den Pol-Van Dasselaar; Laurence Shalloo. 2020. "Increasing Grazing in Dairy Cow Milk Production Systems in Europe." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2443.

Journal article
Published: 04 February 2020 in Sustainability
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Grazing is inherently close to the nature of herbivores, but no longer applied everywhere in Europe. Therefore, the perception of grassland experts on the occurrence, importance, constraints, solutions and future of grazing of dairy cows was studied. The study builds on results from the European Grassland Federation Working Group Grazing in the period 2010–2019. Both surveys and focus group meetings were used. There is a clear trend of reduced grazing in Europe. Since grazing is valued by different stakeholders and provides many ecosystem services, solutions to the constraints to grazing must be found. Constraints can be divided into region specific constraints, farm specific constraints and farmer specific constraints. The solutions include developing new knowledge, bringing the knowledge already available to practice and rewarding farmers for grazing as a service to society. If grazing is not supported, it will further decline. However, a joined endeavour has the potential to make a significant difference in transforming grass-based production systems and stimulating grazing.

ACS Style

Agnes Van Den Pol-Van Dasselaar; Deirdre Hennessy; Johannes Isselstein. Grazing of Dairy Cows in Europe—An In-Depth Analysis Based on the Perception of Grassland Experts. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1098 .

AMA Style

Agnes Van Den Pol-Van Dasselaar, Deirdre Hennessy, Johannes Isselstein. Grazing of Dairy Cows in Europe—An In-Depth Analysis Based on the Perception of Grassland Experts. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):1098.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnes Van Den Pol-Van Dasselaar; Deirdre Hennessy; Johannes Isselstein. 2020. "Grazing of Dairy Cows in Europe—An In-Depth Analysis Based on the Perception of Grassland Experts." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 1098.

Journal article
Published: 17 December 2019 in Metabolites
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The influence of bovine diet on the metabolome of reconstituted skim milk powder (SMP) and protein ingredients produced from the milk of cows fed on pasture or concentrate-based diets was investigated. Cows were randomly assigned to diets consisting of perennial ryegrass only (GRS), perennial ryegrass/white clover sward (CLV), or indoor total mixed ration (TMR) for an entire lactation. Raw milk obtained from each group was processed at pilot scale, to produce SMP and sweet whey, and SMP was further processed at laboratory scale, to yield ideal whey and acid whey. The total amino acid composition and metabolome of each sample were analyzed, using high-performance cation exchange and a targeted combination of direct-injection mass spectrometry and reverse-phase liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), respectively. The nitrogen composition of the products from each of the diets was similar, with one exception being the significantly higher nonprotein nitrogen content in TMR-derived skim milk powder than that from the GRS system. Total amino acid analysis showed significantly higher concentrations of glycine in GRS- and CLV-derived sweet whey and acid whey than in those from TMR. The cysteine contents of CLV-derived ideal whey and acid whey were significantly higher than for TMR, while the valine content of GRS-derived acid whey was significantly higher than TMR. The phenylalanine content of GRS-derived ideal whey was significantly higher than that from CLV. Metabolomic analysis showed significantly higher concentrations of the metabolites glutamine, valine, and phosphocreatine in each ingredient type derived from TMR than those from GRS or CLV, while the serine content of each GRS-derived ingredient type was significantly higher than that in TMR-derived ingredients. These results demonstrate that the type of bovine feeding system used can have a significant effect on the amino acid composition and metabolome of skim milk and whey powders and may aid in the selection of raw materials for product manufacture, while the clear separation between the samples gives further evidence for distinguishing milk products produced from different feeding systems based on LC–MS/MS.

ACS Style

Jonathan B. Magan; Tom F. O’Callaghan; Jiamin Zheng; Lun Zhang; Rupasri Mandal; Deirdre Hennessy; Mark A. Fenelon; David S. Wishart; Alan L. Kelly; Noel A. McCarthy. Impact of Bovine Diet on Metabolomic Profile of Skim Milk and Whey Protein Ingredients. Metabolites 2019, 9, 305 .

AMA Style

Jonathan B. Magan, Tom F. O’Callaghan, Jiamin Zheng, Lun Zhang, Rupasri Mandal, Deirdre Hennessy, Mark A. Fenelon, David S. Wishart, Alan L. Kelly, Noel A. McCarthy. Impact of Bovine Diet on Metabolomic Profile of Skim Milk and Whey Protein Ingredients. Metabolites. 2019; 9 (12):305.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jonathan B. Magan; Tom F. O’Callaghan; Jiamin Zheng; Lun Zhang; Rupasri Mandal; Deirdre Hennessy; Mark A. Fenelon; David S. Wishart; Alan L. Kelly; Noel A. McCarthy. 2019. "Impact of Bovine Diet on Metabolomic Profile of Skim Milk and Whey Protein Ingredients." Metabolites 9, no. 12: 305.

Journal article
Published: 23 November 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Increased global demand for dairy produce and the abolition of EU milk quotas have resulted in expansion in dairy production across Europe and particularly in Ireland. Simultaneously, there is increasing pressure to reduce the impact of nitrogen (N) losses to air and groundwater on the environment. In order to develop grassland management strategies for grazing systems that meet environmental targets and are economically sustainable, it is imperative that individual mitigation measures for N efficiency are assessed at farm system level. To this end, we developed an excel-based N flow model simulating an Irish grass-based dairy farm, to evaluate the effect of farm management on N efficiency, N losses, production and economic performance. The model was applied to assess the effect of different strategies to achieve the increased production goals on N utilization, N loss pathways and economic performance at farm level. The three strategies investigated included increased milk production through increased grass production, through increased concentrate feeding and by applying a high profit grass-based system. Additionally, three mitigation measures; low ammonia emission slurry application, the use of urease and nitrification inhibitors and the combination of both were applied to the three strategies. Absolute N emissions were higher for all intensification scenarios (up to 124 kg N ha−1) compared to the baseline (80 kg N ha−1) due to increased animal numbers and higher feed and/or fertiliser inputs. However, some intensification strategies showed the potential to reduce the emissions per ton milk produced for some of the N-loss pathways. The model showed that the assessed mitigation measures can play an important role in ameliorating the increased emissions associated with intensification, but may not be adequate to entirely offset absolute increases. Further improvements in farm N use efficiency and alternatives to mineral fertilisers will be required to decouple production from reactive N emissions.

ACS Style

N.J. Hoekstra; R.P.O. Schulte; P.J. Forrestal; Deirdre Hennessy; Dominika Krol; G.J. Lanigan; C. Müller; L. Shalloo; D.P. Wall; Karl Richards. Scenarios to limit environmental nitrogen losses from dairy expansion. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 707, 134606 .

AMA Style

N.J. Hoekstra, R.P.O. Schulte, P.J. Forrestal, Deirdre Hennessy, Dominika Krol, G.J. Lanigan, C. Müller, L. Shalloo, D.P. Wall, Karl Richards. Scenarios to limit environmental nitrogen losses from dairy expansion. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 707 ():134606.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N.J. Hoekstra; R.P.O. Schulte; P.J. Forrestal; Deirdre Hennessy; Dominika Krol; G.J. Lanigan; C. Müller; L. Shalloo; D.P. Wall; Karl Richards. 2019. "Scenarios to limit environmental nitrogen losses from dairy expansion." Science of The Total Environment 707, no. : 134606.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Journal of Dairy Science
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This study examined the effect of dietary factors on compositional and functional properties of whole milk powder (WMP) produced from bovine milk. Raw milk samples were obtained from 3 groups of 18 Holstein Friesian spring-calving cows randomly assigned to diets based on perennial ryegrass (GRS), perennial ryegrass/white clover sward (CLV), and total mixed ration (TMR). Raw milks obtained in late lactation were subsequently standardized for fat, heat-treated (90°C for 30 s), evaporated, and homogenized before spray drying. The WMP produced from each diet were analyzed to determine differences in color, particle size distribution, heat coagulation time, yogurt gelation, texture profile, and protein profile due to each diet. Significant differences in heat coagulation time were observed between the CLV and TMR samples, whereas color values were significantly different between GRS and TMR samples. No significant differences in gross composition, protein profile, or whey protein nitrogen index were found between the 3 WMP samples. Average D90 values (the particle size at which 90% of the particles were smaller than the specified size) for fat globules were significantly lower in the TMR sample compared with the GRS and CLV samples. Yogurts produced from GRS- and CLV-derived WMP had significantly higher elastic moduli (G') than those produced from TMR-derived WMP. Similarly, texture profile analysis revealed significantly higher firmness values in yogurt samples derived from CLV compared with TMR samples. Our data characterize the effect of these diets on the composition and functional properties of fat-standardized WMP, suggesting better yogurt functionality and thermal stability in WMP derived from pasture-based bovine diets.

ACS Style

Jonathan B. Magan; John T. Tobin; Tom F. O'Callaghan; Alan L. Kelly; Mark A. Fenelon; Deirdre Hennessy; Noel A. McCarthy. Physicochemical properties of whole milk powder derived from cows fed pasture or total mixed ration diets. Journal of Dairy Science 2019, 102, 9611 -9621.

AMA Style

Jonathan B. Magan, John T. Tobin, Tom F. O'Callaghan, Alan L. Kelly, Mark A. Fenelon, Deirdre Hennessy, Noel A. McCarthy. Physicochemical properties of whole milk powder derived from cows fed pasture or total mixed ration diets. Journal of Dairy Science. 2019; 102 (11):9611-9621.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jonathan B. Magan; John T. Tobin; Tom F. O'Callaghan; Alan L. Kelly; Mark A. Fenelon; Deirdre Hennessy; Noel A. McCarthy. 2019. "Physicochemical properties of whole milk powder derived from cows fed pasture or total mixed ration diets." Journal of Dairy Science 102, no. 11: 9611-9621.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2019 in Journal of Dairy Science
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Low-heat skim milk powder (LHSMP) was manufactured on 3 separate occasions in mid lactation (ML, July 4-20) and late lactation (LL, September 27 to October 7) from bulk milk of 3 spring-calving dairy herds on different feeding systems: grazing on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) pasture (GRO), grazing on perennial ryegrass and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pasture (GRC), and housed indoors and offered total mixed ration (TMR). The resultant powders (GRO-SMP, GRC-SMP, and TMR-SMP) were evaluated for composition and color and for the compositional, physicochemical, and processing characteristics of the reconstituted skim milk (RSM) prepared by dispersing the powders to 10% (wt/wt) in water. Feeding system significantly affected the contents of protein and lactose, the elemental composition, and the color of the LHSMP, as well as the rennet gelation properties of the RSM. The GRO and GRC powders had a higher protein content; lower levels of lactose, iodine, and selenium; and a more yellow-green color (lower a* and higher b* color coordinates) than TMR powder. On reconstitution, the GRO-RSM had higher concentrations of protein, casein, and ionic calcium, and lower concentrations of lactose and nonprotein nitrogen (% of total N). It also produced rennet gels with a higher storage modulus (G') than the corresponding TMR-RSM. These effects were observed over the combined ML and LL period but varied somewhat during the separate ML and LL periods. Otherwise, feeding system had little or no effect on proportions of individual caseins, concentration of serum casein, casein micelle size, casein hydration, heat coagulation time, or ethanol stability of the RSM at pH 6.2 to 7.2, or on the water-holding capacity, viscosity, and flow behavior of stirred yogurt prepared by starter-induced acidification of RSM. The differences in the functionality of the LHSMP may be of greater or lesser importance depending on the application and the conditions applied during the processing of the RSM.

ACS Style

Arunima Gulati; Deirdre Hennessy; Michael O'donovan; Jennifer J. McManus; Mark A. Fenelon; Timothy P. Guinee. Dairy cow feeding system alters the characteristics of low-heat skim milk powder and processability of reconstituted skim milk. Journal of Dairy Science 2019, 102, 8630 -8647.

AMA Style

Arunima Gulati, Deirdre Hennessy, Michael O'donovan, Jennifer J. McManus, Mark A. Fenelon, Timothy P. Guinee. Dairy cow feeding system alters the characteristics of low-heat skim milk powder and processability of reconstituted skim milk. Journal of Dairy Science. 2019; 102 (10):8630-8647.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arunima Gulati; Deirdre Hennessy; Michael O'donovan; Jennifer J. McManus; Mark A. Fenelon; Timothy P. Guinee. 2019. "Dairy cow feeding system alters the characteristics of low-heat skim milk powder and processability of reconstituted skim milk." Journal of Dairy Science 102, no. 10: 8630-8647.

Review
Published: 17 August 2019 in Foods
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Milk is a highly nutritious food that contains an array of macro and micro components, scientifically proven to be beneficial to human health. While the composition of milk is influenced by a variety of factors, such as genetics, health, lactation stage etc., the animal’s diet remains a key mechanism by which its nutrition and processing characteristics can be altered. Pasture feeding has been demonstrated to have a positive impact on the nutrient profile of milk, increasing the content of some beneficial nutrients such as Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vaccenic acid, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), while reducing the levels of Omega-6 fatty acids and palmitic acid. These resultant alterations to the nutritional profile of “Grass-Fed” milk resonate with consumers that desire healthy, “natural”, and sustainable dairy products. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of the impact that pasture and non-pasture feeding systems have on bovine milk composition from a nutritional and functional (processability) perspective, highlighting factors that will be of interest to dairy farmers, processors, and consumers.

ACS Style

Mohammad Alothman; Sean A. Hogan; Deirdre Hennessy; Pat Dillon; Kieran N. Kilcawley; Michael O’Donovan; John Tobin; Mark A. Fenelon; Tom F. O’Callaghan. The “Grass-Fed” Milk Story: Understanding the Impact of Pasture Feeding on the Composition and Quality of Bovine Milk. Foods 2019, 8, 350 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Alothman, Sean A. Hogan, Deirdre Hennessy, Pat Dillon, Kieran N. Kilcawley, Michael O’Donovan, John Tobin, Mark A. Fenelon, Tom F. O’Callaghan. The “Grass-Fed” Milk Story: Understanding the Impact of Pasture Feeding on the Composition and Quality of Bovine Milk. Foods. 2019; 8 (8):350.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Alothman; Sean A. Hogan; Deirdre Hennessy; Pat Dillon; Kieran N. Kilcawley; Michael O’Donovan; John Tobin; Mark A. Fenelon; Tom F. O’Callaghan. 2019. "The “Grass-Fed” Milk Story: Understanding the Impact of Pasture Feeding on the Composition and Quality of Bovine Milk." Foods 8, no. 8: 350.

Journal article
Published: 20 May 2019 in Food Research International
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The untargeted metabolic profiles of ripened Maasdam cheese samples prepared from milk derived from three herd groups, fed: (1) indoors on total mixed ration (TMR), or outdoors on (2) grass only pasture (GRA) or (3) grass and white clover pasture (CLO) were studied using high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), high resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (1H HRMAS NMR) and headspace (HS) gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 31 compounds were identified using 1H NMR and 32 volatile compounds including 7 acids, 5 esters, 4 alcohols, 4 ketones, 4 sulfur compounds, 2 aldehydes, 3 hydrocarbons, 2 terpenes and a lactone were identified using GC–MS in Maasdam cheeses ripened for 97-d. On comparing the 1H NMR metabolic profiles, TMR-derived cheese had higher levels of citrate compared to GRA-derived cheese.. The toluene content of cheese was significantly higher in GRA or CLO compared to TMR cheeses and dimethyl sulfide was identified only in CLO-derived cheese samples as detected using HS GC–MS. These compounds are proposed as indicator compounds for Maasdam cheese derived from pasture-fed milk. Clear differences between outdoor or indoor feeding systems in terms of cheese metabolites were detected in the lipid phase, as indicated by principal component analysis (PCA) from 1H HRMAS NMR spectra, although differences based on PCA of all 1H NMR spectra and HS-GC–MS were less clear. Overall, this study presented the metabolite profile and identified specific compounds which may be useful for discriminating between ripened Maasdam cheese and related cheese varieties manufactured from indoor or outdoor herd-feeding systems.

ACS Style

Ram R. Panthi; Ulrik K. Sundekilde; Alan L. Kelly; Deirdre Hennessy; Kieran N. Kilcawley; David T. Mannion; Mark A. Fenelon; Jeremiah J. Sheehan. Influence of herd diet on the metabolome of Maasdam cheeses. Food Research International 2019, 123, 722 -731.

AMA Style

Ram R. Panthi, Ulrik K. Sundekilde, Alan L. Kelly, Deirdre Hennessy, Kieran N. Kilcawley, David T. Mannion, Mark A. Fenelon, Jeremiah J. Sheehan. Influence of herd diet on the metabolome of Maasdam cheeses. Food Research International. 2019; 123 ():722-731.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ram R. Panthi; Ulrik K. Sundekilde; Alan L. Kelly; Deirdre Hennessy; Kieran N. Kilcawley; David T. Mannion; Mark A. Fenelon; Jeremiah J. Sheehan. 2019. "Influence of herd diet on the metabolome of Maasdam cheeses." Food Research International 123, no. : 722-731.

Original research
Published: 25 March 2019 in International Journal of Dairy Technology
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Maasdam cheese was manufactured from standardized milk derived from each of three feeding systems: grass (GRA), grass and clover pasture (CLO), and indoor feeding of total mixed ration (TMR). Pasture‐derived cheeses had significantly lower L* (whiteness) and higher b* values (yellowness) compared to TMR‐derived cheeses. Acetate levels were significantly lower in CLO and butyrate levels significantly higher in TMR compared to the other cheeses. Grass‐fed cheese had significantly higher scores for smooth texture, ivory colour and shiny appearance compared to TMR. The influence of feed type was minimal on cheese yield, composition and on glycolysis, lipolysis and proteolysis during ripening.

ACS Style

Ram R Panthi; Alan L Kelly; Deirdre Hennessy; Maurice G O'sullivan; Kieran N Kilcawley; David T Mannion; Mark A Fenelon; Jeremiah J Sheehan. Effect of pasture versus indoor feeding regimes on the yield, composition, ripening and sensory characteristics of Maasdam cheese. International Journal of Dairy Technology 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Ram R Panthi, Alan L Kelly, Deirdre Hennessy, Maurice G O'sullivan, Kieran N Kilcawley, David T Mannion, Mark A Fenelon, Jeremiah J Sheehan. Effect of pasture versus indoor feeding regimes on the yield, composition, ripening and sensory characteristics of Maasdam cheese. International Journal of Dairy Technology. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ram R Panthi; Alan L Kelly; Deirdre Hennessy; Maurice G O'sullivan; Kieran N Kilcawley; David T Mannion; Mark A Fenelon; Jeremiah J Sheehan. 2019. "Effect of pasture versus indoor feeding regimes on the yield, composition, ripening and sensory characteristics of Maasdam cheese." International Journal of Dairy Technology , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 07 March 2019 in European Journal of Agronomy
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Grass growth models have retrospectively predicted grass growth in Ireland using weather observations. However, to predict future grass growth to aid farm management, weather forecasts are necessary inputs. The Moorepark St. Gilles grass growth model (MoSt GGM) is mechanistic and was developed to predict perennial ryegrass growth on any Irish farm. To date, it has used local farm information, (retrospective) weather data and management factors to predict daily paddock-level grass growth. Here, we include weather forecasts in the MoSt GGM and assess its performance through two studies: daily grass growth predictions at four nitrogen fertiliser application levels using weather forecasts up to ten days in advance were compared with those using weather observations; and the GGM predictions for an Irish dairy farm using observed and forecast weather were compared with on-farm grass growth observations from 2013 to 2016. In the first study, all weather inputs captured the rise in grass growth predictions with higher fertiliser application. Based on the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecasts outperformed a forecast based on climatological averages as GGM inputs up to six days in advance, and up to ten days in advance after bias correction. In the second study, ECMWF forecasts were the best weather forecast to predict grass growth since they captured weather variability well and did not require the local weather observations necessary for bias corrections. Weather forecasts are useful inputs to the MoSt GGM, and yield accurate weekly predictions that could aid management decisions.

ACS Style

J. McDonnell; Caroline Brophy; E. Ruelle; L. Shalloo; K. Lambkin; Deirdre Hennessy. Weather forecasts to enhance an Irish grass growth model. European Journal of Agronomy 2019, 105, 168 -175.

AMA Style

J. McDonnell, Caroline Brophy, E. Ruelle, L. Shalloo, K. Lambkin, Deirdre Hennessy. Weather forecasts to enhance an Irish grass growth model. European Journal of Agronomy. 2019; 105 ():168-175.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. McDonnell; Caroline Brophy; E. Ruelle; L. Shalloo; K. Lambkin; Deirdre Hennessy. 2019. "Weather forecasts to enhance an Irish grass growth model." European Journal of Agronomy 105, no. : 168-175.

Journal article
Published: 11 October 2018 in International Dairy Journal
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The influence of dairy cow feeding regime was investigated using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Two different NMR analytical systems were deployed: high field 1H NMR to investigate the influence on milk metabolomics and low field NMR to characterise proton relaxation linked to changes in the state of mozzarella cheese moisture during ripening. The metabolomics results showed that grass-based feeding increased the concentration of a biological marker that signifies near-organic milk production conditions. On the other hand, the investigation of cheese moisture distribution showed that grass-based diets reached final moisture partitioning in a shorter time, which implied the formation of a more compact protein structure in the cheese matrix. These results indicate that pasture-based dairying may be differentiated in terms of the provenance of milk produced along with the accrual of additional benefits during ripening of the resulting mozzarella cheeses.

ACS Style

Mattia Boiani; Ulrik Sundekilde; Lorraine M. Bateman; Daniel G. McCarthy; Anita Maguire; Arunima Gulati; Timothy P. Guinee; Mark Fenelon; Deirdre Hennessy; Richard J. FitzGerald; Phil M. Kelly. Integration of high and low field 1H NMR to analyse the effects of bovine dietary regime on milk metabolomics and protein-bound moisture characterisation of the resulting mozzarella cheeses during ripening. International Dairy Journal 2018, 91, 155 -164.

AMA Style

Mattia Boiani, Ulrik Sundekilde, Lorraine M. Bateman, Daniel G. McCarthy, Anita Maguire, Arunima Gulati, Timothy P. Guinee, Mark Fenelon, Deirdre Hennessy, Richard J. FitzGerald, Phil M. Kelly. Integration of high and low field 1H NMR to analyse the effects of bovine dietary regime on milk metabolomics and protein-bound moisture characterisation of the resulting mozzarella cheeses during ripening. International Dairy Journal. 2018; 91 ():155-164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mattia Boiani; Ulrik Sundekilde; Lorraine M. Bateman; Daniel G. McCarthy; Anita Maguire; Arunima Gulati; Timothy P. Guinee; Mark Fenelon; Deirdre Hennessy; Richard J. FitzGerald; Phil M. Kelly. 2018. "Integration of high and low field 1H NMR to analyse the effects of bovine dietary regime on milk metabolomics and protein-bound moisture characterisation of the resulting mozzarella cheeses during ripening." International Dairy Journal 91, no. : 155-164.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Journal of Dairy Science
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This study investigated the effects of 3 dairy cow feeding systems on the composition, yield, and biochemical and physical properties of low-moisture part-skim Mozzarella cheese in mid (ML; May-June) and late (LL; October-November) lactation. Sixty spring-calving cows were assigned to 3 herds, each consisting of 20 cows, and balanced on parity, calving date, and pre-experimental milk yield and milk solids yield. Each herd was allocated to 1 of the following feeding systems: grazing on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) pasture (GRO), grazing on perennial ryegrass and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pasture (GRC), or housed indoors and offered total mixed ration (TMR). Mozzarella cheese was manufactured on 3 separate occasions in ML and 4 in LL in 2016. Feeding system had significant effects on milk composition, cheese yield, the elemental composition of cheese, cheese color (green to red and blue to yellow color coordinates), the extent of flow on heating, and the fluidity of the melted cheese. Compared with TMR milk, GRO and GRC milks had higher concentrations of protein and casein and lower concentrations of I, Cu, and Se, higher cheese-yielding capacity, and produced cheese with lower concentrations of the trace elements I, Cu, and Se and higher yellowness value. Cheese from GRO milk had higher heat-induced flow and fluidity than cheese from TMR milk. These effects were observed over the entire lactation period (ML + LL), but varied somewhat in ML and LL. Feeding system had little, or no, effect on gross composition of the cheese, the proportions of milk protein or fat lost to cheese whey, the texture of the unheated cheese, or the energy required to extend the molten cheese. The differences in color and melt characteristics of cheeses obtained from milks with the different feeding systems may provide a basis for creating points of differentiation suited to different markets.

ACS Style

Arunima Gulati; Norann Galvin; Deirdre Hennessy; Stephen McAuliffe; Michael O'Donovan; Jennifer McManus; Mark A. Fenelon; Timothy P. Guinee. Grazing of dairy cows on pasture versus indoor feeding on total mixed ration: Effects on low-moisture part-skim Mozzarella cheese yield and quality characteristics in mid and late lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 2018, 101, 8737 -8756.

AMA Style

Arunima Gulati, Norann Galvin, Deirdre Hennessy, Stephen McAuliffe, Michael O'Donovan, Jennifer McManus, Mark A. Fenelon, Timothy P. Guinee. Grazing of dairy cows on pasture versus indoor feeding on total mixed ration: Effects on low-moisture part-skim Mozzarella cheese yield and quality characteristics in mid and late lactation. Journal of Dairy Science. 2018; 101 (10):8737-8756.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arunima Gulati; Norann Galvin; Deirdre Hennessy; Stephen McAuliffe; Michael O'Donovan; Jennifer McManus; Mark A. Fenelon; Timothy P. Guinee. 2018. "Grazing of dairy cows on pasture versus indoor feeding on total mixed ration: Effects on low-moisture part-skim Mozzarella cheese yield and quality characteristics in mid and late lactation." Journal of Dairy Science 101, no. 10: 8737-8756.