The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of research focused on analyzing the overlap and continuity of the roles in victims and aggressors of bullying and cyberbullying, as well as the exchange of roles in both harassment dynamics in adolescents. Searches in the main electronic databases for studies published in the last 20 years identified 19 studies that fulfilled inclusion criteria. The findings of the studies analyzed were not homogeneous, however, the main conclusion of all of them, to a greater or lesser extent, was that there is a component of continuity or superposition in the roles of both forms of bullying. Some studies also found an exchange of roles, especially in the case of victims and cybervictims who decide to reprimand their aggressors in an online context, becoming in cyberaggressors too. It is necessary to continue investigating the coexistence of bullying and cyberbullying and its exchange in certain contexts and people, as well as whether they are part of the same phenomenon with a certain continuity, or if cyberbullying is another expression of traditional bullying. Future intervention programs focusing on traditional school bullying could also evaluate their impact in situations of cyberbullying among peers.

This study analyzes the direct relationships between classroom and family context and adolescent students’ life satisfaction (LS) and the indirect relationships between these same variables through adolescents’ academic, family, and social self-concept from a gender perspective. In the theoretical model, we assume that the quality of the parent—child relationship affects adolescents’ LS both directly and indirectly through their self-concept. We assume that the quality of the classroom climate also affects adolescents’ LS through their self-concept. The sample consisted of 2373 adolescents (49.8% girls) aged 12 to 18 years (mean (M) = 14.69, standard deviation (SD) = 1.82). A structural equation model was tested to analyse the relationship between the variables. Subsequently, multigroup analysis was performed to determine the structural invariance of the model as a function of gender. The chi square and T-student test was 71.66. Results revealed a direct positive relationship between family environment and LS. Family and classroom environment were indirectly related to LS through their relationship with academic, family, and social self-concept. The result of multigroup analysis supports the structural invariance of the model in both sexes; therefore, the expected relationships are the same for boys and girls, making the model more generalizable and applicable. The practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

This ex post facto study analyzes both the direct relationships between victimization and overt and relational violent behavior of students adolescents as the indirect relationships between these variables through the classroom environment, the loneliness, the nonconformist ideal reputation and transgression of social norms. The sample consisted of 1,795 adolescents (48% females) aged 11 to 18 years (M = 14.2, SD = 1.68). We used a structural equation model to analyze the effect of classroom environment and victimization in violent manifest and relational behavior. The results found that a direct positive relationship between victimization and relational violent behavior and a direct negative relationship between classroom environment and overt violent behavior. In addition, classroom environment and victimization were indirectly related to overt and relational violence through its relationship with loneliness, nonconformist ideal reputation and transgression of social norms. Multigroup analysis results indicated that the relationship between loneliness and relational violent behavior was significant for boys but not for girls. Finally, we discuss the results and their practical implications in the school context.

The relationship between parenting styles and teen dating violence has become a relevant research topic in recent years, especially related to violence inflicted online. To more fully understand this relationship, the objective of the present study was to examine which parenting style (authoritarian, indulgent, authoritative, or neglectful) best protects against dating violence in adolescent relationships. A total of 1132 adolescents of both sexes participated in this study (46.4% boys and 53.6% girls), with ages between 14 and 18 years old (M = 15.6, SD = 1.3). A multivariate factorial design was applied (MANOVA, 4 × 2), using the parenting style, the parents’ gender, and the adolescents’ gender as independent variables, and the dating violence dimensions (online and offline) as dependent variables. As the results show, the lowest scores on all the dating violence dimensions examined were obtained by adolescents from indulgent families. In addition, three interaction effects were observed between the mother’s parenting style and the adolescent’s gender on online violence (e-violence and control), and the father’s parenting style on offline violence (verbal-emotional). Thus, adolescents with authoritarian mothers obtained the highest scores on violence and control inflicted online, respectively, and adolescent girls with authoritarian fathers obtained the highest scores on verbal-emotional violence. These findings suggest that the indulgent style is the parenting style that protects against violence in teen dating relationships, and they also highlight the risks of the authoritarian style as a family child-rearing model.

ResumenEn este estudio se analizan en una muestra de adolescentes escolarizados las relaciones entre la percepción del clima familiar y la victimización por los iguales en la escuela junto con la autoestima y la satisfacción con la vida, teniendo en cuenta el género. Las relaciones entre las variables se han analizado en una muestra constituida por 1.884 adolescentes (52% chicos y 48% chicas) escolarizados en centros educativos de secundaria con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 17 años (M=13.7, DT=1.4). Los resultados del análisis de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales muestran que la percepción del clima familiar, la autoestima y la satisfacción con la vida se relacionan de forma significativa y negativa con la victimización escolar. Se realizaron análisis multigrupo que no mostraron diferencias significativas entre chicos y chicas, por tanto el modelo general propuesto es equivalente para ambos géneros. Se discuten los resultados obtenidos y sus implicaciones.AbstractThis study analyzed from a gender perspective relationships between perceived family climate, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and adolescent victimization by peers in school. The associations between variables were analyzed with a sample of 1,884 adolescents (52% boys and 48% girls), aged 11 through 17 years (M=13.7, DT=1.4). Results structural equation modeling analysis showed that family environment, self-esteem, and life satisfaction were significantly and negatively related to school victimization. Multigroup analyses showed that relationships between variables were not different for boys and girls. We discuss the implications of these results

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar un perfil psicosocial de adolescentes agresores, víctimas, agresores/víctimas y estudiantes no implicados, considerando las diferencias de género. El perfil psicosocial del adolescente se define en el presente estudio de acuerdo con los siguientes indicadores de ajuste: autoestima general, satisfacción con la vida, sintomatología depresiva, reputación ideal no conformista e implicación en la comunidad. Los participantes del estudio fueron 1884 estudiantes españoles (52% chicos y 48% chicas) con un rango de edad comprendido entre los 11 y los 17 años (M = 13.7, DT = 1.4). Los resultados del análisis de varianza señalan que los adolescentes implicados como agresores/víctimas muestran el perfil psicosocial menos adaptativo y los alumnos no implicados el perfil más saludable de los cuatro grupos analizados. Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre chicos y chicas dentro del perfil psicosocial de agresor, víctima y no implicado. Sin embargo, los adolescentes clasificados como agresores/víctimas no muestran diferencias significativas entre los géneros en ninguna de las variables analizadas. Se discuten las implicaciones prácticas de estos resultados.