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Products produced by additive manufacturing (AM) seek to exploit net shape manufacturing by eliminating or minimizing post-process stages such as machining. However, many applications which include turbo machinery components with tight dimensional tolerances and a smooth surface finish will require at least a light machine finishing stage. This paper investigates the machinability of the additively fabricated INCONEL718 (IN718) alloy produced by laser melting powder bed fusion (LM-PBF) with different levels of spherical porosity in the microstructure. The literature suggests that the band width for laser energy density, which combines the various scan process parameters to obtain a low spherical type porosity in the LM-PBF IN718 alloy (~1%), has wide breadth. With the increasing laser energy density and above a threshold, there is a rapid increase in the spherical pore size. In this paper, three tube samples each with different levels of spherical porosity were fabricated by varying the laser energy density for LM-PBF of the IN718 alloy within the stable and higher energy density range and the porosity measured. A low laser energy density was avoided due to balling up, which promotes highly irregular lack of fusion defects and poor consolidation within the alloy microstructure. An orthogonal turning test instrumented, with a three-component dynamometer to measure the cutting forces, was performed on AM produced IN718 tube samples under light cut conditions to simulate a finish machining process. The orthogonal turning tests were also performed on a tube sample obtained from the wrought extruded stock. The machining process parameters, which were studied include varying the cutting speed at three levels, at a fixed feed and under dry cut conditions for a short duration to avoid the tool wear. The results obtained were discussed and a notable finding was the higher rate of built-up-edge formation on the tool tip from the AM samples with a higher porosity and especially at a higher cutting speed. The paper also discusses the mechanisms that underpin the findings.
Paul Wood; Antonio Díaz-Álvarez; José. Díaz-Álvarez; María Henar Miguélez; Alexis Rusinek; Urvashi F. Gunputh; Gavin Williams; Slim Bahi; Judyta Sienkiewicz; Paweł Płatek. Machinability of INCONEL718 Alloy with a Porous Microstructure Produced by Laser Melting Powder Bed Fusion at Higher Energy Densities. Materials 2020, 13, 5730 .
AMA StylePaul Wood, Antonio Díaz-Álvarez, José. Díaz-Álvarez, María Henar Miguélez, Alexis Rusinek, Urvashi F. Gunputh, Gavin Williams, Slim Bahi, Judyta Sienkiewicz, Paweł Płatek. Machinability of INCONEL718 Alloy with a Porous Microstructure Produced by Laser Melting Powder Bed Fusion at Higher Energy Densities. Materials. 2020; 13 (24):5730.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul Wood; Antonio Díaz-Álvarez; José. Díaz-Álvarez; María Henar Miguélez; Alexis Rusinek; Urvashi F. Gunputh; Gavin Williams; Slim Bahi; Judyta Sienkiewicz; Paweł Płatek. 2020. "Machinability of INCONEL718 Alloy with a Porous Microstructure Produced by Laser Melting Powder Bed Fusion at Higher Energy Densities." Materials 13, no. 24: 5730.
This chapter analyzes the current state of the art on ductile damage in aluminum alloys. To this end, the main experimental methodologies developed to date for this purpose are identified and introduced. The analysis of failure in this type of materials is rather complex and requires the consideration of two parameters dependent on the stress state: triaxiality and Lode parameter. Different values of triaxiality and Lode parameter can be obtained by properly defining the testing load and the specimen geometry. These results are especially interesting to feed constitutive and failure models such as the Johnson-Cook model or the Bai-Wierzbicki model. This chapter focuses on different stress states associated to different Lode parameter and triaxialities: tension, compression, shear, and combined tension-torsion. To this end, a wide variety of testing specimens are introduced describing their relation to these parameters. Thus, this content aims at providing guidance for characterization testing of ductile fracture of metals and further calibration of failure models. The chapter first introduces fundamental concepts, then a brief description of failure models, and, finally, a detailed methodological description on the characterization of metals at different triaxialities and Lode parameters.
M. Rodríguez-Millán; D. Garcia-Gonzalez; A. Arias. Failure Behavior of Aluminum Alloys Under Different Stress States. Handbook of Damage Mechanics 2020, 1 -25.
AMA StyleM. Rodríguez-Millán, D. Garcia-Gonzalez, A. Arias. Failure Behavior of Aluminum Alloys Under Different Stress States. Handbook of Damage Mechanics. 2020; ():1-25.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Rodríguez-Millán; D. Garcia-Gonzalez; A. Arias. 2020. "Failure Behavior of Aluminum Alloys Under Different Stress States." Handbook of Damage Mechanics , no. : 1-25.
New threats are a challenge for the design and manufacture of modern combat helmets. These helmets must satisfy a wide range of impact velocities from ballistic impacts to blunt impacts. In this paper, we analyze European Regulation ECE R22.05 using a standard surrogate head and a human head model to evaluate combat helmet performance. Two critical parameters on traumatic brain analysis are studied for different impact locations, i.e., peak linear acceleration value and head injury criterion (HIC). The results obtained are compared with different injury criteria to determine the severity level of damage induced. Furthermore, based on different impact scenarios, analyses of the influence of impact velocity and the geometry impact surface are performed. The results show that the risks associated with a blunt impact can lead to a mild traumatic brain injury at high impact velocities and some impact locations, despite satisfying the different criteria established by the ECE R22.05 standard. The results reveal that the use of a human head for the estimation of brain injuries differs slightly from the results obtained using a surrogate head. Therefore, the current combat helmet configuration must be improved for blunt impacts. Further standards should take this into account and, consequently, combat helmet manufacturers on their design process.
Carlos Moure-Guardiola; Ignacio Rubio; Jacobo Antona-Makoshi; Álvaro Olmedo; José Antonio Loya; Marcos Rodríguez Millán. Evaluation of Combat Helmet Behavior under Blunt Impact. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 8470 .
AMA StyleCarlos Moure-Guardiola, Ignacio Rubio, Jacobo Antona-Makoshi, Álvaro Olmedo, José Antonio Loya, Marcos Rodríguez Millán. Evaluation of Combat Helmet Behavior under Blunt Impact. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (23):8470.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Moure-Guardiola; Ignacio Rubio; Jacobo Antona-Makoshi; Álvaro Olmedo; José Antonio Loya; Marcos Rodríguez Millán. 2020. "Evaluation of Combat Helmet Behavior under Blunt Impact." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23: 8470.
Brain injury resulting from improved explosives devices (IEDs) is identified as a challenge for force securities to improve protection equipment. This paper focuses on the mechanical response of explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) helmet under different blast loadings. Limited published studies on this type of helmet are available in the scientific literature. The results obtained show the blast performance of the EOD helmet because a decrease in the maximum values in the measured damage parameters is found. Therefore, an EOD helmet minimizes the risks of the severity of injuries on the user showing a low probability of injury.
Borja Valverde-Marcos; Ignacio Rubio; Jacobo Antona-Makoshi; Anoop Chawla; José Antonio Loya; Marcos Rodríguez-Millán. Numerical Analysis of EOD Helmet under Blast Load Events Using Human Head Model. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 8227 .
AMA StyleBorja Valverde-Marcos, Ignacio Rubio, Jacobo Antona-Makoshi, Anoop Chawla, José Antonio Loya, Marcos Rodríguez-Millán. Numerical Analysis of EOD Helmet under Blast Load Events Using Human Head Model. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (22):8227.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBorja Valverde-Marcos; Ignacio Rubio; Jacobo Antona-Makoshi; Anoop Chawla; José Antonio Loya; Marcos Rodríguez-Millán. 2020. "Numerical Analysis of EOD Helmet under Blast Load Events Using Human Head Model." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22: 8227.
Dynamic impact tests using thin metal plates for ballistic characterization have received significant attention in recent years. The Johnson–Cook (J–C) model is extensively used in numerical modeling of impact and penetration in metals. The AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) 301 steel family presents good impact behavior, excellent formability, and high corrosion resistance. Thus, NICRO (Nickel and Hard Chrome Plated Steel) 12.1 (part of the AISI 301 steel family) was chosen in this work, although parameters of the J–C model or impact results were not found in the literature. In this work, NICRO 12.1 steel plates, were characterized in ballistics with an initial impact velocity up to 200 m/s and three shape nose projectiles. The Johnson–Cook parameters for the NICRO 12.1 steel were calculated for a large range of temperatures and strain rates. Impact tests were carried out using three projectiles: conical, hemispherical, and blunt. The ballistic curves, failure mode, and maximum deformation obtained with each projectile, experimentally and numerically, were compared, and a good correlation was obtained.
Eva Alonso-Elías; Alexis Rusinek; Ignacio Rubio-Díaz; Richard Bernier; Marcos Rodríguez-Millán; María Henar Miguelez. Experimental and Numerical Study of the Thermo-Viscoplastic Behavior of NICRO 12.1 for Perforation Tests. Materials 2020, 13, 4311 .
AMA StyleEva Alonso-Elías, Alexis Rusinek, Ignacio Rubio-Díaz, Richard Bernier, Marcos Rodríguez-Millán, María Henar Miguelez. Experimental and Numerical Study of the Thermo-Viscoplastic Behavior of NICRO 12.1 for Perforation Tests. Materials. 2020; 13 (19):4311.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEva Alonso-Elías; Alexis Rusinek; Ignacio Rubio-Díaz; Richard Bernier; Marcos Rodríguez-Millán; María Henar Miguelez. 2020. "Experimental and Numerical Study of the Thermo-Viscoplastic Behavior of NICRO 12.1 for Perforation Tests." Materials 13, no. 19: 4311.
Induced damage during biocomposites drilling is significantly different to that produced on composites based on synthetic reinforcement such as carbon or glass fibers. In composites reinforced with carbon or glass fibers, induced damage increases with feed rate, however damage was observed to decrease with feed rate in biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers. This work is focused on the explanation of this differences between biocomposites and traditional composites based on the effect of strain rate on the material behavior during machining. A FEM model has been developed in ABAQUS/Explicit to verify this hypothesis. This numerical model has been used to explain the differences found between traditional composites and biocomposites in the influence of the main drilling parameters on induced damage during drilling. Experimental tests were conducted to validate the model through the comparison between thrust forces and damage factor for two different drills geometries on Flax/PLA bio composites. The results indicate that the decrease of induced damage with feed rate is only predicted when the constitutive model accounts for experimental behavior observed in this type of composites. Additionally, the numerical model demonstrated the ability to reproduce the effect of the different cutting conditions (cutting speed, feed, thickness and drill geometry) observed during experimental tests on induced damage during drilling.
A. Díaz-Álvarez; N. Feito; C. Santiuste. Drilling of biocomposite materials: Modelling and experimental validation. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 2020, 106, 102203 .
AMA StyleA. Díaz-Álvarez, N. Feito, C. Santiuste. Drilling of biocomposite materials: Modelling and experimental validation. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory. 2020; 106 ():102203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Díaz-Álvarez; N. Feito; C. Santiuste. 2020. "Drilling of biocomposite materials: Modelling and experimental validation." Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 106, no. : 102203.
This study evaluates various safety aspects of standardized impacts that cyclists may suffer while wearing a bicycle helmet, by combining a partially validated finite element model of the cranio-cervical region and a newly developed commercial bicycle helmet model. Under EN 1078 standardized impact conditions, the results of simulated impact tests show that the helmet can absorb 40% to 50% of the total impact energy at impact velocities above 4 m/s. Further, based on a relationship between the head injury criterion and the risk of injury from field data, the results of the simulations suggest that minor injuries may occur at impact velocities of 10 km/h, serious injuries at 15 km/h, and severe injuries at 20 km/h. Fatal injuries will likely occur at impact velocities of 30 km/h and higher.
David Sepulveda-Lopez; Jacobo Antona-Makoshi; Ignacio Rubio; Marcos Rodríguez-Millán. Numerical Analysis of Bicycle Helmet under Blunt Behavior. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 3692 .
AMA StyleDavid Sepulveda-Lopez, Jacobo Antona-Makoshi, Ignacio Rubio, Marcos Rodríguez-Millán. Numerical Analysis of Bicycle Helmet under Blunt Behavior. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (11):3692.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Sepulveda-Lopez; Jacobo Antona-Makoshi; Ignacio Rubio; Marcos Rodríguez-Millán. 2020. "Numerical Analysis of Bicycle Helmet under Blunt Behavior." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11: 3692.
This work focuses on the combination of two complementary non-destructive techniques to analyse the final deformation and internal damage induced in aramid composite plates subjected to ballistic impact. The first analysis device, a 3D scanner, allows digitalising the surface of the tested specimen. Comparing with the initial geometry, the permanent residual deformation (PBFD) can be obtained according to the impact characteristics. This is a significant parameter in armours and shielding design. The second inspection technique is based on computed tomography (CT). It allows analysing the internal state of the impacted sample, being able to detect possible delamination and fibre failure through the specimen thickness. The proposed methodology has been validated with two projectile geometries at different impact velocities, being the reaction force history on the specimen determined with piezoelectric sensors. Different loading states and induced damages were observed according to the projectile type and impact velocity. In order to validate the use of the 3D scanner, a correlation between impact velocity and damage induced in terms of permanent back face deformation has been realised for both projectiles studied. In addition, a comparison of the results obtained through this measurement method and those obtained in similar works, has been performed in the same range of impact energy. The results showed that CT is needed to analyse the internal damage of the aramid sample; however, this is a highly expensive and time-consuming method. The use of 3D scanner and piezoelectric sensors is perfectly complementary with CT and could be relevant to develop numerical models or design armours.
Ignacio Rubio; Antonio Díaz-Álvarez; Richard Bernier; Alexis Rusinek; Jose Antonio Loya; Maria Henar Miguelez; Marcos Rodríguez-Millán. Postmortem Analysis Using Different Sensors and Technologies on Aramid Composites Samples after Ballistic Impact. Sensors 2020, 20, 2853 .
AMA StyleIgnacio Rubio, Antonio Díaz-Álvarez, Richard Bernier, Alexis Rusinek, Jose Antonio Loya, Maria Henar Miguelez, Marcos Rodríguez-Millán. Postmortem Analysis Using Different Sensors and Technologies on Aramid Composites Samples after Ballistic Impact. Sensors. 2020; 20 (10):2853.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIgnacio Rubio; Antonio Díaz-Álvarez; Richard Bernier; Alexis Rusinek; Jose Antonio Loya; Maria Henar Miguelez; Marcos Rodríguez-Millán. 2020. "Postmortem Analysis Using Different Sensors and Technologies on Aramid Composites Samples after Ballistic Impact." Sensors 20, no. 10: 2853.
This study evaluates various safety aspects of standardized impacts that cyclists may suffer while wearing a bicycle helmet, by combining a partially validated finite element model of the cranio-cervical region and a newly developed bicycle helmet model. Under EN 1078 standardized impact conditions, the results of simulated impact tests show that the helmet can absorb 40% to 50 % of the total impact energy at impact velocities above 4 m/s. Further, based on a relationship between Head Injury Criterion and the risk of injury from field data, the results of the simulations suggest that minor injuries may occur at impact velocities of 10 km/h, serious injuries at 15 km/h, and severe injuries at 20 km/h. Fatal injuries will likely occur at impact velocities of 30 km/h and higher.
David Sepulveda-Lopez; Jacobo Antona-Makoshi; Ignacio Rubio; Marcos Rodríguez-Millán. Numerical Analysis of Bicycle Helmet under Blunt Behavior. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleDavid Sepulveda-Lopez, Jacobo Antona-Makoshi, Ignacio Rubio, Marcos Rodríguez-Millán. Numerical Analysis of Bicycle Helmet under Blunt Behavior. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Sepulveda-Lopez; Jacobo Antona-Makoshi; Ignacio Rubio; Marcos Rodríguez-Millán. 2020. "Numerical Analysis of Bicycle Helmet under Blunt Behavior." , no. : 1.
In this work, an experimental and numerical study of the mechanical behaviour of combat helmets against ballistic impact of spherical projectiles of 1.7 g has been carried out. A numerical model, that has been calibrated and validated with experimental results of plates with different thicknesses, has been developed. Once the model has been validated, experimental tests have been carried out on the combat helmet. To conclude, it is noteworthy that the location of the impact on the helmet has a significant influence on the ballistic limit. It should be noted that the numerical model includes each layer of the combat helmet which may be beneficial for future research on helmets by using aramid or other materials.
M. Rodríguez-Millán; I. Rubio-Díaz; Josue Aranda-Ruiz; M. M. Moure; J. A. Loya; M. H. Miguélez. Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Aramid Composites Against Ballistic Impact. Springer Proceedings in Materials 2020, 111 -118.
AMA StyleM. Rodríguez-Millán, I. Rubio-Díaz, Josue Aranda-Ruiz, M. M. Moure, J. A. Loya, M. H. Miguélez. Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Aramid Composites Against Ballistic Impact. Springer Proceedings in Materials. 2020; ():111-118.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Rodríguez-Millán; I. Rubio-Díaz; Josue Aranda-Ruiz; M. M. Moure; J. A. Loya; M. H. Miguélez. 2020. "Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Aramid Composites Against Ballistic Impact." Springer Proceedings in Materials , no. : 111-118.
Carbon Fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are widely used in the aerospace industry due to their highly mechanical properties and low density. Most of these materials are used in high-risk structures, where the damage caused by machining must be controlled and minimized. The optimization of these processes is still a challenge in the industry. In this work, a special cutting device, which allows for orthogonal cutting tests, with a linear displacement at a wide range of constant cutting speeds, has been developed by the authors. This paper describes the developed cutting device and its application to analyze the influence of tool geometry and cutting parameters on the material damage caused by the orthogonal cutting of a thick multidirectional CFRP laminate. The results show that a more robust geometry (higher cutting edge radius and lower rake angle) and higher feed cause an increase in the thrust force of a cutting tool, causing burrs and delamination damage. By reducing the cutting speed, the components with a higher machining force were also observed to have less surface integrity control.
Víctor Criado; Norberto Feito; José Luis Cantero Guisández; José Díaz-Álvarez. A New Cutting Device Design to Study the Orthogonal Cutting of CFRP Laminates at Different Cutting Speeds. Materials 2019, 12, 4074 .
AMA StyleVíctor Criado, Norberto Feito, José Luis Cantero Guisández, José Díaz-Álvarez. A New Cutting Device Design to Study the Orthogonal Cutting of CFRP Laminates at Different Cutting Speeds. Materials. 2019; 12 (24):4074.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVíctor Criado; Norberto Feito; José Luis Cantero Guisández; José Díaz-Álvarez. 2019. "A New Cutting Device Design to Study the Orthogonal Cutting of CFRP Laminates at Different Cutting Speeds." Materials 12, no. 24: 4074.
The use of 100% biodegradable composites in the industry is increasing significantly over the years, mainly due to their excellent properties as well as to the growing ecologic concern. However, after their manufacture, the composite pieces do not always have the final shape, requiring subsequent processing operations, usually drilling and trimming. The performance of cutting processes on fully biodegradable composites are often limited by induced damage as fraying and delamination. This type of phenomena is related, among others, with the cutting parameters and geometries of the tool. Orthogonal cutting is a simplified process that could help in the understanding of damage mechanisms, it is a well-known technique in traditional composites but its use in biocomposites is an almost unexplored field. This work focuses on flax/PLA 100% biodegradable woven composites. The specimens have been manufactured with different angles of orientation, ranging from 0° to 60°, being subjected to orthogonal cutting in a special machine developed for that purpose that allows to develop cutting tests with linear displacement at high speeds. Damage extension, failure modes, and cutting forces are analyzed allowing the extraction of important experimental information.
A. Díaz-Álvarez; J.L. Cantero; C. Santiuste. Analysis of orthogonal cutting of biocomposites. Composite Structures 2019, 234, 111734 .
AMA StyleA. Díaz-Álvarez, J.L. Cantero, C. Santiuste. Analysis of orthogonal cutting of biocomposites. Composite Structures. 2019; 234 ():111734.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Díaz-Álvarez; J.L. Cantero; C. Santiuste. 2019. "Analysis of orthogonal cutting of biocomposites." Composite Structures 234, no. : 111734.
Nickel-based superalloys exhibit an exceptional combination of corrosion resistance, enhanced mechanical properties at high temperatures, and thermal stability. The mechanical behavior of nickel-based superalloys depends on the grain size and the precipitation state after aging. Haynes 282 was developed in order to improve the creep behavior, formability, and strain-age cracking of the other commonly used nickel-based superalloys. Nevertheless, taking into account the interest of the industry in the machinability of Haynes 282 because of its great mechanical properties, which is not found in other superalloys like Inconel 718 or Waspaloy, more research on this alloy is necessary. Cutting tools suffer extreme thermomechanical loading because of the high pressure and temperature localized in the cutting zone. The consequence is material adhesion during machining and strong abrasion due to the hard carbides included in the material. The main recommendations for finishing turning in Haynes 282 include the use of carbide tools, low cutting speeds, low depth of pass, and the use of cutting fluids. However, because of the growing interest in sustainable processes and cost reduction, dry machining is considered to be one of the best techniques for material removal. During the machining of Haynes 282, at both the finishing and roughing turning, cemented carbide inserts are most commonly used and are recommended all over the industry. This paper deals with the machining of Haynes 282 by means of coated carbide tools cutting fluids (dry condition). Different cutting speeds and feeds were tested to quantify the cutting forces, quality of surface, wear progression, and end of tool life. Tool life values similar to those obtained with a lubricant under similar conditions in other studies have been obtained for the most favorable conditions in dry environments.
Antonio Díaz-Álvarez; José Díaz-Álvarez; José Luis Cantero; Henar Miguélez. Sustainable High-Speed Finishing Turning of Haynes 282 Using Carbide Tools in Dry Conditions. Metals 2019, 9, 989 .
AMA StyleAntonio Díaz-Álvarez, José Díaz-Álvarez, José Luis Cantero, Henar Miguélez. Sustainable High-Speed Finishing Turning of Haynes 282 Using Carbide Tools in Dry Conditions. Metals. 2019; 9 (9):989.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Díaz-Álvarez; José Díaz-Álvarez; José Luis Cantero; Henar Miguélez. 2019. "Sustainable High-Speed Finishing Turning of Haynes 282 Using Carbide Tools in Dry Conditions." Metals 9, no. 9: 989.
Local delamination is the most undesirable damage associated with drilling carbon fiber reinforced composite materials (CFRPs). This defect reduces the structural integrity of the material, which affects the residual strength of the assembled components. A positive correlation between delamination extension and thrust force during the drilling process is reported in literature. The abrasive effect of the carbon fibers modifies the geometry of the fresh tool, which increases the thrust force and, in consequence, the induced damage in the workpiece. Using a control system based on an artificial neural network (ANN), an analysis of the influence of the tool wear in the thrust force during the drilling of CFRP laminate to reduce the damage is developed. The spindle speed, feed rate, and drill point angle are also included as input parameters of the study. The training and testing of the ANN model are carried out with experimental drilling tests using uncoated carbide helicoidal tools. The data were trained using error-back propagation-training algorithm (EBPTA). The use of the neural network rapidly provides results of the thrust force evolution in function of the tool wear and cutting parameters. The obtained results can be used by the industry as a guide to control the impact of the wear of the tool in the quality of the finished workpiece.
Norberto Feito; Ana Muñoz-Sánchez; Antonio Díaz-Álvarez; José Antonio Loya. Analysis of the Machinability of Carbon Fiber Composite Materials in Function of Tool Wear and Cutting Parameters Using the Artificial Neural Network Approach. Materials 2019, 12, 2747 .
AMA StyleNorberto Feito, Ana Muñoz-Sánchez, Antonio Díaz-Álvarez, José Antonio Loya. Analysis of the Machinability of Carbon Fiber Composite Materials in Function of Tool Wear and Cutting Parameters Using the Artificial Neural Network Approach. Materials. 2019; 12 (17):2747.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNorberto Feito; Ana Muñoz-Sánchez; Antonio Díaz-Álvarez; José Antonio Loya. 2019. "Analysis of the Machinability of Carbon Fiber Composite Materials in Function of Tool Wear and Cutting Parameters Using the Artificial Neural Network Approach." Materials 12, no. 17: 2747.
This paper analyses the impact behavior of Inconel 718 through experimental and numerical approach. Different conical projectiles were tested in order to obtain the ballistic curves and failure mechanisms. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model corresponding to the experimental tests was developed using the Johnson–Cook constitutive model. The experimental data (residual velocities, global, and local perforation mechanisms) were successfully predicted with the numerical simulations. The influence of the projectile’s nose angle was found to be important when designing ballistic protections. The projectile with the narrowest angle, 40°, developed a ballistic limit approximately 10 m/s lower than the projectile with a 72° nose. The use of double-nose projectile for the same nose angle, 72°, led to a ballistic limit 12 m/s lower than that obtained for the single nose.
Marcos Rodríguez-Millán; Antonio Díaz-Álvarez; Richard Bernier; María Henar Miguélez; José Antonio Loya; Rodríguez- Millán; Loya. Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Conical Projectile Impact on Inconel 718 Plates. Metals 2019, 9, 638 .
AMA StyleMarcos Rodríguez-Millán, Antonio Díaz-Álvarez, Richard Bernier, María Henar Miguélez, José Antonio Loya, Rodríguez- Millán, Loya. Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Conical Projectile Impact on Inconel 718 Plates. Metals. 2019; 9 (6):638.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcos Rodríguez-Millán; Antonio Díaz-Álvarez; Richard Bernier; María Henar Miguélez; José Antonio Loya; Rodríguez- Millán; Loya. 2019. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Conical Projectile Impact on Inconel 718 Plates." Metals 9, no. 6: 638.
Hybrid stack drilling is a very common operation used in the assembly of high-added-value components, which combines the use of composite materials and metallic alloys. This process entails the complexity of machining very dissimilar materials, simultaneously, on account of the interactions that are produced between them, during machining. This study analyzed the influence of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) on the performance of diamond-coated carbide tools when drilling Ti/carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP)/Ti stacks. The main wear mechanism observed was diamond-coating detachment, followed by fragile breaks in the main cutting-edge. The tests done with the lower lubrication levels have shown an important adhesion of titanium (mainly on the secondary cutting-edge) and a higher friction between the tool and the workpiece, producing higher temperatures on the cutting region and a thermal softening effect on the workpiece. These phenomena affect the evolution of cutting power consumption with tool wear in the titanium layer. Regarding the quality of the test specimen, no significant differences were observed between the lubrication levels tested.
J. Fernández-Pérez; J. L. Cantero; J. Díaz-Álvarez; M. H. Miguélez. Hybrid Composite-Metal Stack Drilling with Different Minimum Quantity Lubrication Levels. Materials 2019, 12, 448 .
AMA StyleJ. Fernández-Pérez, J. L. Cantero, J. Díaz-Álvarez, M. H. Miguélez. Hybrid Composite-Metal Stack Drilling with Different Minimum Quantity Lubrication Levels. Materials. 2019; 12 (3):448.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Fernández-Pérez; J. L. Cantero; J. Díaz-Álvarez; M. H. Miguélez. 2019. "Hybrid Composite-Metal Stack Drilling with Different Minimum Quantity Lubrication Levels." Materials 12, no. 3: 448.
Biocomposites are promising materials for traditional composites replacement in specific applications due to their interesting properties and sustainability. Although the composite components are manufactured near net shape, some machining operations, commonly drilling, are commonly required prior to mechanical joining of the components. Tool geometry, mainly the point angle of the drill, strongly affects the performance of the drilling process of composites in terms of machining induced damage. The aim of this work is analyzing the influence of the point angle of the drill on the damage generated during drilling of 100% biodegradable composite, using both numerical and experimental approaches. The novelty of the work relies on the lack of studies of drilling 100% biodegradable composites. The influence of the point angle on the thrust forces and hence in the machining induced damage was demonstrated.
José Díaz Álvarez; Carlos Santiuste; M.H. Miguélez. Experimental and numerical analysis of the influence of drill point angle when drilling biocomposites. Composite Structures 2018, 209, 700 -709.
AMA StyleJosé Díaz Álvarez, Carlos Santiuste, M.H. Miguélez. Experimental and numerical analysis of the influence of drill point angle when drilling biocomposites. Composite Structures. 2018; 209 ():700-709.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Díaz Álvarez; Carlos Santiuste; M.H. Miguélez. 2018. "Experimental and numerical analysis of the influence of drill point angle when drilling biocomposites." Composite Structures 209, no. : 700-709.
In fatigue problems, an accurate estimation of the propagation direction is important for life prediction. We identify the most relevant factors that affect the crack orientation during the propagation stage of fretting fatigue cracks, arising from complete contacts. Contrary to what initially expected, parameters such as normal load, cyclic bulk load, etc. do not have a noticeable influence on the orientation. However the relative Young's moduli of indenter/specimen materials, the indenter width and the surface coefficient of friction are the most influencing factors. Analyses are performed through the extended finite element method (X-FEM) and an orientation criterion for non-proportional loading proposed by the authors. Experimental fretting fatigue tests confirm the predicted trends. An explanation of this behaviour is also given.
Miguel Marco; Diego Infante-Garcia; José Díaz Álvarez; Eugenio Giner. Relevant factors affecting the direction of crack propagation in complete contact problems under fretting fatigue. Tribology International 2018, 131, 343 -352.
AMA StyleMiguel Marco, Diego Infante-Garcia, José Díaz Álvarez, Eugenio Giner. Relevant factors affecting the direction of crack propagation in complete contact problems under fretting fatigue. Tribology International. 2018; 131 ():343-352.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Marco; Diego Infante-Garcia; José Díaz Álvarez; Eugenio Giner. 2018. "Relevant factors affecting the direction of crack propagation in complete contact problems under fretting fatigue." Tribology International 131, no. : 343-352.
Stab resistance is a crucial material property in the case of fabrics used in personal protection equipment due to the extensive occurrence of this threat. Personal Protection Equipments (PPE) are commonly based on woven aramids, where the stacking sequence is critical to improve the ratio between protection and weight. PPE should combine optimal penetration resistance with ergonomic requirements. This paper focuses on experimental characterisation of the stab protective efficiency of different architectures of aramid laminates. The influence of different stacking sequences, based on the combination of not treated (N) and thermoplastic aramids (TP), is analysed showing a significant influence of this factor. In the range of the impact energies analysed in this work, it can be concluded that the TP-N-TP sequence is the best choice for stabbing protection.
M. Rodríguez-Millán; Antonio Diaz; Josue Aranda-Ruiz; J.A. Loya. Experimental analysis for stabbing resistance of different aramid composite architectures. Composite Structures 2018, 208, 525 -534.
AMA StyleM. Rodríguez-Millán, Antonio Diaz, Josue Aranda-Ruiz, J.A. Loya. Experimental analysis for stabbing resistance of different aramid composite architectures. Composite Structures. 2018; 208 ():525-534.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Rodríguez-Millán; Antonio Diaz; Josue Aranda-Ruiz; J.A. Loya. 2018. "Experimental analysis for stabbing resistance of different aramid composite architectures." Composite Structures 208, no. : 525-534.
Nickel-based superalloys are widely used in the aeronautical industry, especially in components requiring excellent corrosion resistance, enhanced thermal fatigue properties, and thermal stability. Haynes 282 is a nickel-based superalloy that was developed to improve the low weldability, formability, and creep strength of other γ’-strengthened Ni superalloys. Despite the industrial interest in Haynes 282, there is a lack of research that is focused on this alloy. Moreover, it is difficult to find studies dealing with the machinability of Haynes 282. Although Haynes 282 is considered an alloy with improved formability when compared with other nickel alloys, its machining performance should be analyzed. High pressure and temperature localized in the cutting zone, the abrasion generated by the hard carbides included in the material, and the tendency toward adhesion during machining are phenomena that generate extreme thermomechanical loading on the tool during the cutting process. Excessive wear results in reduced tool life, leading to frequent tool change, low productivity, and a high consumption of energy; consequentially, there are increased costs. With regard to tool materials, cemented carbide tools are widely used in different applications, and carbide is a recommended cutting material for turning Haynes 282, for both finishing and roughing operations. This work focuses on the finishing turning of Haynes 282 using coated carbide tools with conventional coolant. Machining forces, surface roughness, tool wear, and tool life were quantified for different cutting speeds and feeds.
José Díaz-Álvarez; Antonio Díaz-Álvarez; Henar Miguélez; José Luis Cantero. Finishing Turning of Ni Superalloy Haynes 282. Metals 2018, 8, 843 .
AMA StyleJosé Díaz-Álvarez, Antonio Díaz-Álvarez, Henar Miguélez, José Luis Cantero. Finishing Turning of Ni Superalloy Haynes 282. Metals. 2018; 8 (10):843.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Díaz-Álvarez; Antonio Díaz-Álvarez; Henar Miguélez; José Luis Cantero. 2018. "Finishing Turning of Ni Superalloy Haynes 282." Metals 8, no. 10: 843.