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Safety leadership is critical in high-risk industries such as shipping since inadequate leadership can cause marine accidents, resulting in injuries, fatalities, damage to property and environmental pollution. One of the aspects of good and effective safety leadership is creating good human relations and satisfaction among crewmembers, considered a precondition for effective teamwork. Officers on board ships should establish effective teamwork and implement adequate safety leadership, positively affecting safety culture, increasing safety in general and improving marine environment protection. Safety leadership onboard ships comprises several characteristics, including maintaining safe work performance, carrying out safety training, and encouraging crewmember morale. Therefore, it is essential for all stakeholders in shipping industries that officers onboard ships can identify those characteristics, adapt, and apply them adequately. This paper presents the characteristics and skills that shipboard officers need to apply in order to be excellent leaders and serve with adequate safety leadership abilities. One tool for recognizing those characteristics and skills was a survey carried out among experienced professional seafarers. Analysis of the survey data revealed latent factors, these being transformational and transactional leadership elements affecting safety leadership onboard ships.
Nermin Hasanspahić; Vlado Frančić; Srđan Vujičić; Mario Mandušić. Safety Leadership as a Means for Safe and Sustainable Shipping. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7841 .
AMA StyleNermin Hasanspahić, Vlado Frančić, Srđan Vujičić, Mario Mandušić. Safety Leadership as a Means for Safe and Sustainable Shipping. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7841.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNermin Hasanspahić; Vlado Frančić; Srđan Vujičić; Mario Mandušić. 2021. "Safety Leadership as a Means for Safe and Sustainable Shipping." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7841.
A common interest of all shipping industry stakeholders is safe and accident-free shipping. To reach that goal, one of the most important actions that can be done is to analyze previous marine accidents. It means finding causes of accidents and, based on the analysis results, implementing effective corrective measures that can help reduce such undesired events in the future and improve safety efforts in shipping. Since it is widely accepted that human error accounts for 80–85% of all marine accidents, the research was focused on the human factor analysis in marine accidents. In this paper, 135 marine accident reports recorded in the UK Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB) database from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed. The analysis aimed to categorize causal factors and discover the ones that are the most common. The Human Factor Analysis and Classification System for Maritime Accidents (HFACS-MA) method was used to be able to do so. Furthermore, multiple linear regression was used to determine the relationship between the number of accidents and the most common HFACS-MA causal factors. The research revealed that the causes of marine accidents are primarily dependent on two human factor categories and confirmed that by influencing those human factors categories, the number of marine accidents could be reduced and shipping safety improved in general.
Nermin Hasanspahić; Srđan Vujičić; Vlado Frančić; Leo Čampara. The Role of the Human Factor in Marine Accidents. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2021, 9, 261 .
AMA StyleNermin Hasanspahić, Srđan Vujičić, Vlado Frančić, Leo Čampara. The Role of the Human Factor in Marine Accidents. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2021; 9 (3):261.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNermin Hasanspahić; Srđan Vujičić; Vlado Frančić; Leo Čampara. 2021. "The Role of the Human Factor in Marine Accidents." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 3: 261.
Shipping is a high-risk industry and prone to accidents. A near-miss management system is an important aspect of the safety performance in shipping because the causes are the same for near-misses and accidents. Reporting, analyzing, and learning from near-misses can prevent the recurrence of accidents and thus improve safety on ships. This paper addresses near-miss management systems in shipping and provides insights into the quality of the implementation of these systems, with an emphasis on the importance of reporting. Research data were derived from two surveys and supported by data gained from near-miss reports and existing literature reviews. Professional seafarers of various ranks, ages, nationalities, and experiences, serving on tankers, cruise ships, bulk carriers, and container ships, voluntarily participated in these surveys. The first survey comprised 223 participants, and the second survey involved 22 participants. The research results indicate that near-miss reporting is inadequate, and several barriers limit appropriate near-miss reporting. The difficulty of seafarers in identifying near-miss events was found to be one of the major barriers to near-miss reporting at sea. Based on this research, a conceptual model of a near-miss management system was developed, and measures that can be applied to overcome barriers and increase reporting are proposed.
Nermin Hasanspahić; Vlado Frančić; Srđan Vujičić; Lovro Maglić. Reporting as a Key Element of an Effective Near-Miss Management System in Shipping. Safety 2020, 6, 53 .
AMA StyleNermin Hasanspahić, Vlado Frančić, Srđan Vujičić, Lovro Maglić. Reporting as a Key Element of an Effective Near-Miss Management System in Shipping. Safety. 2020; 6 (4):53.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNermin Hasanspahić; Vlado Frančić; Srđan Vujičić; Lovro Maglić. 2020. "Reporting as a Key Element of an Effective Near-Miss Management System in Shipping." Safety 6, no. 4: 53.
In order to estimate the possible effects of existing ballast tank sediment management routine in ports the respective legal framework from different states was examined and the operational modes of selected Adriatic shipyards was analysed. The goal was to determine if the States' administration and ports' management are aware of risks which sediments pose to human health and environment due to possible presence of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens (HAOP) or high concentrations of heavy metals. The analysis revealed that sediments from ballast tanks after being collected, are subject to the same handling procedure as any other waste material generated during ships' repair and maintenance. In addition, measures preventing sediment drainage into the sea or procedures for analyzing the presence of heavy metals or toxics have not been identified. The paper proposes the procedures ensuring the more advanced level of protection from HAOP and potentially toxic substances from ballast sediment.
Lovro Maglić; Vlado Frančić; Damir Zec; Matej David. Ballast water sediment management in ports. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2019, 147, 237 -244.
AMA StyleLovro Maglić, Vlado Frančić, Damir Zec, Matej David. Ballast water sediment management in ports. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2019; 147 ():237-244.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLovro Maglić; Vlado Frančić; Damir Zec; Matej David. 2019. "Ballast water sediment management in ports." Marine Pollution Bulletin 147, no. : 237-244.
Along with the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the United States Maritime Administration has developed its own ballast water management legislation under the dual authority of the US Coast Guard and the Environmental Protection Agency. The IMO and US ballast water management regulations are globally recognized as the most significant and influential regimes. Complexity and certain regulatory differences pose considerable concern amongst all stakeholders in the shipping industry, predominantly ship owners and ship operators. This paper presents a conceptual study which overviews, emphasises, and compares key provisions of these two sets of regulations by targeting and unveiling significant points from their perspective since they represent the largest group of stakeholders. Therefore, the paper aims to support shipowners and operators in better understanding the Ballast Water Management regulations and their differences. In addition, the study may benefit in choosing an adequate ballast water treatment system to be installed onboard ships, considering the sea areas where ships intend to operate. Finally, the paper can also help policy makers understand those differences that could present a major barrier in the efficient and smooth ballast water management implementation.
Leo Čampara; Vlado Frančić; Lovro Maglić; Nermin Hasanspahić. Overview and Comparison of the IMO and the US Maritime Administration Ballast Water Management Regulations. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2019, 7, 283 .
AMA StyleLeo Čampara, Vlado Frančić, Lovro Maglić, Nermin Hasanspahić. Overview and Comparison of the IMO and the US Maritime Administration Ballast Water Management Regulations. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2019; 7 (9):283.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeo Čampara; Vlado Frančić; Lovro Maglić; Nermin Hasanspahić. 2019. "Overview and Comparison of the IMO and the US Maritime Administration Ballast Water Management Regulations." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 9: 283.
Sailing of tanker ships in specific navigation areas, such as narrow waterways, is a particularly delicate navigational venture, where one of the greatest related risks is grounding. Grounding of a tanker in a narrow waterway is an event that can cause many adverse consequences, the most important among them being environmental pollution, explosion or onboard fire damaging the ship, injuries and lost lives of crewmembers. Factors affecting the safety of tanker navigation in narrow waterways can be principally divided into geometric, traffic, meteorological and oceanological factors, ship design factors and marine equipment faults as well as human-related factors. With a view to minimizing the possibility of grounding or contact, the assessment of risks is to be considered indispensable and primarily aimed at influencing accident probability and/or consequence factors as its most important objective. The paper analyses the safety of tanker navigation in narrow waterways based on the assessment of risk of grounding. The event influential probability factors that are taken into consideration comprise the narrow waterway category, meteorological and oceanological conditions, traffic density and VTS coverage of the navigable area, while factors such as ship speed, bottom type, hull quality and loading condition are factors related to consequences. Using the risk assessment matrix, estimated values used for evaluation of the safety of tanker navigation in narrow waterways are assigned to probability factors and factors of consequences.
Nermin Hasanspahić; Vlado Frančić; Igor Rudan; Lovro Maglić. Analysis of Navigation Safety Regarding Tankers in Narrow Waterways. Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 2018, 55, 201 -217.
AMA StyleNermin Hasanspahić, Vlado Frančić, Igor Rudan, Lovro Maglić. Analysis of Navigation Safety Regarding Tankers in Narrow Waterways. Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science. 2018; 55 (1):201-217.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNermin Hasanspahić; Vlado Frančić; Igor Rudan; Lovro Maglić. 2018. "Analysis of Navigation Safety Regarding Tankers in Narrow Waterways." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 55, no. 1: 201-217.
The quality of maritime education system could be considered as one of the most important pillar for safe and efficient shipping. Particularly vital is the maritime education at the university level and those ensuring seafarers’ top rank qualifications in accordance with the STCW Convention. Generally, the quality of education of the individuals is correlated to the employability and promotion opportunities. In Croatia, maritime education system is well established with a long tradition of education at the university level enabling acquisition of top rank seafarers’ qualifications. This paper presents a survey of the results related to the seafarers’ satisfaction with the quality of maritime education and curricula provided during their education at the maritime higher education institution in Dubrovnik. The research was carried out by interviewing 154 marine engineers with different sea service experience, educational level and rank aiming to obtain their opinions about importance, correlation and connectivity of education to their professional career.
Leo Čampara; Vlado Frančić; Matko Bupić. Quality of maritime higher education from seafarers’ perspective. Pomorstvo 2017, 31, 137 -150.
AMA StyleLeo Čampara, Vlado Frančić, Matko Bupić. Quality of maritime higher education from seafarers’ perspective. Pomorstvo. 2017; 31 (2):137-150.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeo Čampara; Vlado Frančić; Matko Bupić. 2017. "Quality of maritime higher education from seafarers’ perspective." Pomorstvo 31, no. 2: 137-150.
Large quantities of harmful substances, gases and particles are released from the ships into the air. This leads to many unwanted chemical processes having a harmful effect on the entire planet and on the human health as well. In most cases, these processes result in ozone depletion, acid rain, global warming, appearance of dermatological and respiratory diseases and other undesirable impacts on the entire ecosystem. Aiming to reduce the adverse impact on the environment, the international maritime community has decided to regulate and set rigorous requirements for ships by introducing and implementing the Annex 6 of the MARPOL Convention. On the bases of these requirements, ships and their owners will be subjected to more stringent conditions that are primarily related to adjustment of existing ships’ engines and/or the use of environmentally friendly fuels. This paper analyses air pollution deriving from ships in general and its negative effects on the atmosphere. It also presents possible methods and solutions of adapting ships to new and more stringent requirements as well as the advantages and disadvantages of relevant technical solution
Franjo Nižić; Vlado Frančić; Josip Orović. Ships’ Solutions for meeting the International requirements regarding the reduction of Air Pollution. Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 2017, 53, 53 -65.
AMA StyleFranjo Nižić, Vlado Frančić, Josip Orović. Ships’ Solutions for meeting the International requirements regarding the reduction of Air Pollution. Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science. 2017; 53 (1):53-65.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFranjo Nižić; Vlado Frančić; Josip Orović. 2017. "Ships’ Solutions for meeting the International requirements regarding the reduction of Air Pollution." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 53, no. 1: 53-65.
Sediment samples from the ballast water tanks of ships calling at the port of Rijeka in the Northern Adriatic were analysed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) using caesium, argon and oxygen ion beams. The research was carried out in order to determine the sediment composition and relative abundance of the dominant elements. The results indicate that the sediment samples mostly consisted of compounds that originated from the deterioration of tank plates, tank coating residues and ballast operations such as clay, silt, sand and organic materials. No significant heavy metals or highly toxic elements were found. The research revealed some advantages and significant drawbacks of using XPS and SIMS for the routine analysis of sediment composition as a decision supporting tool for ballast water and sediment management.
Lovro Maglić; Damir Zec; Vlado Frančić. Ballast water sediment elemental analysis. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2016, 103, 93 -100.
AMA StyleLovro Maglić, Damir Zec, Vlado Frančić. Ballast water sediment elemental analysis. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2016; 103 (1-2):93-100.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLovro Maglić; Damir Zec; Vlado Frančić. 2016. "Ballast water sediment elemental analysis." Marine Pollution Bulletin 103, no. 1-2: 93-100.
The paper presents outcomes of the discrete event simulation of the ballast water management in a multi-terminal port. The simulation includes ship’s manoeuvring, cargo and ballast operations and a barge-based ballast water treatment system operating within all terminal areas. The barge-based ballast water treatment system is used by ships unable to use their own equipment, not equipped with an appropriate ballast treatment system or non-compliant with the Ballast Water Management (BWM) Convention 2004 for whatever reason. The main goal is to estimate the productivity and cost effectiveness of such systems as an option to support ships not able to comply with the BWM Convention, once it enters into force. The model was built and tested in Arena simulation software. Process parameters are based on real traffic data for the port of Rijeka. The results indicate that barge-based ballast treatment facility will be heavily underutilized, and that such systems are cost-effective only in ports where large volumes of ballast water need to be delivered to shore treatment systems.
Lovro Maglić; Damir Zec; Vlado Frančić. Effectiveness of a Barge-Based Ballast Water Treatment System for Multi-Terminal Ports. Promet - Traffic&Transportation 2015, 27, 429 -437.
AMA StyleLovro Maglić, Damir Zec, Vlado Frančić. Effectiveness of a Barge-Based Ballast Water Treatment System for Multi-Terminal Ports. Promet - Traffic&Transportation. 2015; 27 (5):429-437.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLovro Maglić; Damir Zec; Vlado Frančić. 2015. "Effectiveness of a Barge-Based Ballast Water Treatment System for Multi-Terminal Ports." Promet - Traffic&Transportation 27, no. 5: 429-437.
This paper analyses the inspections of Ro-Ro ships operating on the Motorways of the Sea routes. The analysis aims to determine the level of safety standards on ships operating on the Motorways of the Sea routes. In addition, it examines...
Vlado Frančić; Luka Grbić; Lovro Maglić. Inspections of Ro-Ro Ships Operating on "Motorways of the Sea" Routes. Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 2015, 49-50, 41 -55.
AMA StyleVlado Frančić, Luka Grbić, Lovro Maglić. Inspections of Ro-Ro Ships Operating on "Motorways of the Sea" Routes. Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science. 2015; 49-50 (1):41-55.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVlado Frančić; Luka Grbić; Lovro Maglić. 2015. "Inspections of Ro-Ro Ships Operating on "Motorways of the Sea" Routes." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 49-50, no. 1: 41-55.