Small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) are key regulators of the majority of human reproduction events. Understanding their function in the context of gametogenesis and embryogenesis will allow insight into the possible causes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) implantation failure. The aim of this study was to analyze the sncRNA expression profile of the spent culture media on day 4 after fertilization and to reveal a relationship with the morphofunctional characteristics of gametes and resultant embryos, in particular, with the embryo development and implantation potential. Thereto, cell-free, embryo-specific sncRNAs were identified by next generation sequencing (NGS) and quantified by reverse transcription coupled with polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in real-time. Significant differences in the expression level of let-7b-5p, let-7i-5p, piR020401, piR16735, piR19675, piR20326, and piR17716 were revealed between embryo groups of various morphological gradings. Statistically significant correlations were found between the expression profiles of piR16735 and piR020401 with the oocyte-cumulus complex number, let-7b-5p and piR020401 with metaphase II oocyte and two pronuclei embryo numbers, let-7i-5p and piR20497 with the spermatozoid count per milliliter of ejaculate, piR19675 with the percentage of linearly motile spermatozoids, let-7b-5p with the embryo development grade, and let-7i-5p with embryo implantation. According to partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the expression levels of let-7i-5p (Variable Importance in Projection score (VIP) = 1.6262), piR020401 (VIP = 1.45281), and piR20497 (VIP = 1.42765) have the strongest influences on the implantation outcome.

Pregnancy represents the procoagulant state, giving rise in the high prevalence rate of thrombotic complications. An imbalance between coagulation and anticoagulation systems of blood during pregnancy can lead to the development of pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm labor, premature rupture offetal membranes and fetal death. These complications are mostly caused by the impaired generation of thrombin as well as changes in the concentration and activity of tissue factor TFPI (tissue factor pathway inhibitor), TAT III complex and protein Z. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the thrombotic complications during pregnancy depend not on the elevation of the concentrations of specific coagulation factors or lack of the activity of anticoagulant proteins, but on the shift in the whole system toward the procoagulant state. These disorders most of all lead to thromboses ofplacental vessels, causing disorders ofperfusion of the affected area. Placental pathology can develop as from the maternal as from the fetal side. Despite the fact that changes in the blood coagulation system occur from the very beginning of pregnancy, and often are adaptive in nature, i.e., do not require special medical intervention, the prompt diagnosis and treatment of hemostatic disorders as main pathogenetic link in the development of thrombosis is extremely important.

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientific interest is growing in studying the impact of the proposed vaccination on women’s reproductive health. As is known, alterations in the state of the immune system and activation of an autoimmune response can lead to reproductive failure in women and potential complications of subsequent pregnancy. Objective: to evaluate the effect of the “Gam-COVID-Vac” on the immune status parameters, the relationship of their changes and the specific immune response to vaccination with the dynamics of the level of autoantibodies in women of reproductive age.The prospective study included 120 women who were vaccinated against COVID-19 with the “Gam-COVIDVac”. The criteria for inclusion in the study were: the age from 18 to 49 years, the absence of COVID-19 in the anamnesis, a negative result of a study on SARS-CoV-2 by PCR and negative results of tests for antibodies of classes G and M to SARS-CoV-2 before vaccination, the absence of pregnancy and serious somatic diseases. The patients were examined twice: immediately before vaccination and 90-100 days after the introduction of the 1st component of the vaccine. The level of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination was assessed using ELISA. Before and after vaccination, the levels of antiphospholipid, anti-nuclear, organ-specific and antihormonal autoantibodies were determined, peripheral blood lymphocytes were immunophenotyped to determine the main subpopulations (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD5, CD16, CD56), as well as the expression of activation markers of lymphocytes (HLA-DR, CD25, CD147) using monoclonal antibodies.The effectiveness and safety of the combined vector vaccine against COVID-19 were high. Specific IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were produced in 98.3% of vaccinated women, no serious adverse reactions were observed. After vaccination, there was an increase in the level of some autoantibodies within the reference ranges, only IgM antibodies to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and IgG antibodies to DNA increased above the reference values. However, this increase was transient. After vaccination, the following changes in the parameters of the immunogram were observed: an increase in the content of cells with CD3⁺CD25⁺, CD19⁺ phenotype in peripheral blood and a decrease in the content of cells with CD56⁺CD16⁺ phenotype within the reference ranges, a decrease in CD147⁺/CD3⁺. Weak correlations were noted between these changes in immunogram parameters and the levels of some autoantibodies. The specific antiviral immune response to vaccination did not correlate with the autoimmune response.Vaccination with “Gam-COVID-Vac” is effective and safe and does not lead to disorders in the immune system. The observed increase in the level of autoantibodies to PE and DNA is transient. Changes in the parameters of the immune status within the reference ranges may be due to vaccination and the development of a specific antiviral immune response.

В современном мире наблюдается тенденция к комплексному негативному влиянию внешних факторов на репродуктивное здоровье женщин, включая хронический стресс, нарушения сна, эндокринные дизрапторы и несбалансированное питание, что снижает фертильность женщин репродуктивного возраста. Цель исследования — проведение объективной верификации состава композиций нутритивной поддержки продуктов «РЕПРО» и оценка их потенциала для комплексной прегравидарной подготовки женщин. Исследование включало семь комплексов («Репрорелакс гиперкортизол», «Репрорелакс гипокортизол», «Репродетокси», «Репрометабо», «Репроэнерджи», «Репрогеном» и «Репроэмбрию»). Для качественного анализа состава использовалась высокоэффективная жидкостная хроматография с тандемной масс-спектрометрией (ВЭЖХ-МС/МС), включая ионизацию электрораспылением и анализ в режиме положительных и отрицательных ионов. Анализ подтвердил наличие всех активных компонентов в каждом комплексе, заявленных производителем. Каждый этап подготовки обеспечивает целенаправленное воздействие на нейроэндокринный, метаболический, детоксикационный и репродуктивный статус, включая опосредованное улучшение качества ооцитов и подготовку эндометрия к имплантации. Комплексы «РЕПРО» реализуют последовательный многоэтапный подход к прегравидарной подготовке женщин, обеспечивая физиологически обоснованную поддержку репродуктивной функции и создавая оптимальные условия для наступления и вынашивания беременности.