One of the most critical infrastructures in the world is electrical power grids (EPGs). New threats affecting EPGs, and their different consequences, are analyzed in this survey along with different approaches that can be taken to prevent or minimize those consequences, thus improving EPG resilience. The necessity for electrical power systems to become resilient to such events is becoming compelling; indeed, it is important to understand the origins and consequences of faults. This survey provides an analysis of different types of faults and their respective causes, showing which ones are more reported in the literature. As a result of the analysis performed, it was possible to identify four clusters concerning mitigation approaches, as well as to correlate them with the four different states of the electrical power system resilience curve.

Energy communities, mostly microgrid based, are a key stakeholder of modern electrical power grids. Operating a microgrid based energy community is a challenging topic due to the involved uncertainties, complexities and often conflicting objectives. The aim of this paper is to present a novel methodology demonstrating that energy community flexibility can contribute to each community member’s wellbeing when a grid fault occurs. A three-house energy community will be modelled considering as consumption sources non-controllable and controllable devices in each house. As power supply sources, PV systems installed in a community’s houses are considered, as well as the power obtained from main grid. Each house’s flexibility inside the community will be studied to improve the management of loads during a fault occurrence. Moreover, three different scenarios will be considered with different available power in the community. With these simulations, it was possible to understand that houses’ energy flexibility can be used under a fault situation, either to maintain the users’ wellbeing or to change the energy flow. Furthermore, energy flexibility can be used to create better energy price markets, to improve the resilience of the grid, or even to consider electrical vehicles’ connection to a community’s grid.

Energy communities serve as vital stakeholders within contemporary power grids. Nevertheless, managing these communities presents formidable challenges, owing to the intricate nature of the task, the presence of uncertainties, and competing objectives. This paper aims to demonstrate the positive impact of incorporating a storage system into an energy community, ensuring the welfare of every community member during grid malfunctions. The research investigates two separate energy communities, considering both uncontrollable and controllable devices within individual households as consumption sources, in addition to power supply sources like PV systems installed in community residences, as well as power derived from the main grid or the storage system.

This paper presents a framework to assess the vulnerability of the electrical power grid (EPG) to extreme weather events. The paper presents a methodology based on the Extra-Trees classifier and historical weather data to identify the EPG assets that are most likely to be affected in future extreme weather conditions under various climate change scenarios. The developed methodology considers the EPG different asset classes (lines, towers, poles, transformers, substations…) and identifies the weather parameters that are most relevant to their vulnerability. The paper presents results concerning wind speed, wind gusts, soil type, and altitude, which are used to train a model that predicts the probability of an asset being damaged based on the future weather parameters. The methodology was developed has been applied to a dataset of historical events in Portugal, from the major Portuguese DSO, thus assessing the future vulnerability of the EPG under three different scenarios of climate change. The developed methodology is a successful tool, that would not only help prevent occurrences of faults/failures in the Electrical Power Grid and its recovery from these occurrences, but also to have a better perception of a geographically safe future expansion of infrastructures. In this way it contributes to a continuous, non-faulty EPG operation, fulfilling society's demands by generating maps that identify the most vulnerable areas for each future climate scenario.