This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Grains and cassava-based foods serve as major dietary sources for many households in Nigeria. However, these foods are highly prone to contamination by moulds and aflatoxins owing to poor storage and vending practices. Therefore, we studied the fungal diversity in maize, cassava-based flour (pupuru), and rice vended in markets from Ondo state, Nigeria, and assessed their aflatoxin levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Molecular analysis of 65 representative fungal isolates recovered from the ground grains and pupuru samples revealed 26 species belonging to five genera: Aspergillus (80.9%), Penicillium (15.4%), and Talaromyces (1.9%) in the Ascomycota; Syncephalastrum (1.2%) and Lichtheimia (0.6%) in Mucoromycota. Aspergillus flavus was the predominant species in the ground grains and pupuru samples. Aflatoxins were found in 73.8% of the 42 representative food samples and 41.9% exceeded the 10 μg/kg threshold adopted in Nigeria for total aflatoxins.
Daniella Ekpakpale; Bart Kraak; Martin Meijer; Kolawole Ayeni; Jos Houbraken; Chibundu Ezekiel. Fungal Diversity and Aflatoxins in Maize and Rice Grains and Cassava-Based Flour (Pupuru) from Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 635 .
AMA StyleDaniella Ekpakpale, Bart Kraak, Martin Meijer, Kolawole Ayeni, Jos Houbraken, Chibundu Ezekiel. Fungal Diversity and Aflatoxins in Maize and Rice Grains and Cassava-Based Flour (Pupuru) from Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (8):635.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniella Ekpakpale; Bart Kraak; Martin Meijer; Kolawole Ayeni; Jos Houbraken; Chibundu Ezekiel. 2021. "Fungal Diversity and Aflatoxins in Maize and Rice Grains and Cassava-Based Flour (Pupuru) from Ondo State, Nigeria." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 8: 635.
Cereals and cassava-based foods serve as major dietary sources for several households in Nigeria. However, these foods are highly prone to contamination by moulds and aflatoxins owing to poor storage and vending practices. We therefore studied the fungal diversity of maize, cassava-based flour (pupuru) and rice vended in markets from Ondo state, Nigeria, and assessed the aflatoxin levels of these using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Fungi were detected in 93 (88 %) of the 106 food samples. Molecular analysis of 65 representative isolates revealed 26 species belonging to 5 genera: Aspergillus (80.9 %), Penicillium (15.4 %) and Talaromyces (1.9 %) in the Ascomycota; Syncephalastrum (1.2 %) and Lichtheimia (0.6%) in Mucoromycota. Aspergillus flavus was the predominant species in the food samples. Aflatoxins were found in 98 % of the 42 representative food samples and about one half (49.8 %) exceeded the 10 μg/kg threshold adopted in Nigeria for total aflatoxins. Integrated mitigation options, including at post-harvest stages, are suggested to ensure consumer safety.
Daniella O. Ekpakpale; Bart Kraak; Martin Meijer; Kolawole I. Ayeni; Jos Houbraken; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Fungal Diversity and Aflatoxins in Cereals and Cassava-Based Foods From Ondo State, Nigeria. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleDaniella O. Ekpakpale, Bart Kraak, Martin Meijer, Kolawole I. Ayeni, Jos Houbraken, Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Fungal Diversity and Aflatoxins in Cereals and Cassava-Based Foods From Ondo State, Nigeria. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniella O. Ekpakpale; Bart Kraak; Martin Meijer; Kolawole I. Ayeni; Jos Houbraken; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. 2021. "Fungal Diversity and Aflatoxins in Cereals and Cassava-Based Foods From Ondo State, Nigeria." , no. : 1.
The mycotoxin profile of 135 raw milk samples from camel (n=25), cow (n=23) and goat (n=87) in Nigeria was assessed by an ultra-sensitive LC-MS/MS method. Four, seven and 17 of the tested 36 mycotoxins were detected in camel, cow and goat milk, respectively. Among these were aflatoxin P1, alternariol monomethyl ether, citrinin, dihydrocitrinone, enniatins, ochratoxin α and sterigmatocystin reported for the first time in animal milk. The regulated aflatoxin M1 contaminated all cow milk (max: 81 ng/L) and 49% of goat milk (max: 3108 ng/L) samples, with 13% and 55%, respectively, exceeding the 50 ng/L EU limit. Aflatoxin M1 was not detected in camel milk samples. Overall, at least one mycotoxin was detected in 97% of all samples; beauvericin (87%) being the most frequent. Raw animal milk presents an additional source of mycotoxin exposures in the Nigerian populace. Consequently, mycotoxin mitigation should also target the dairy food chain.
Muiz O. Akinyemi; Dominik Braun; Patrick Windisch; Benedikt Warth; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Assessment of multiple mycotoxins in raw milk of three different animal species in Nigeria. Food Control 2021, 131, 108258 .
AMA StyleMuiz O. Akinyemi, Dominik Braun, Patrick Windisch, Benedikt Warth, Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Assessment of multiple mycotoxins in raw milk of three different animal species in Nigeria. Food Control. 2021; 131 ():108258.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuiz O. Akinyemi; Dominik Braun; Patrick Windisch; Benedikt Warth; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. 2021. "Assessment of multiple mycotoxins in raw milk of three different animal species in Nigeria." Food Control 131, no. : 108258.
Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In this study four new genera are introduced, along with 18 new species and 16 new combinations. These names convey information about relationships, morphology, and ecological preference that would otherwise be lost in a broader definition of Fusarium. To assist users to correctly identify fusarioid genera and species, we introduce a new online identification database, Fusarioid-ID, accessible at www.fusarium.org. The database comprises partial sequences from multiple genes commonly used to identify fusarioid taxa (act1, CaM, his3, rpb1, rpb2, tef1, tub2, ITS, and LSU). In this paper, we also present a nomenclator of names that have been introduced in Fusarium up to January 2021 as well as their current status, types, and diagnostic DNA barcode data. In this study, researchers from 46 countries, representing taxonomists, plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, and students, strongly support the application and use of a more precisely delimited Fusarium (= Gibberella) concept to accommodate taxa from the robust monophyletic node F3 on the basis of a well-defined and unique combination of morphological and biochemical features. This F3 node includes, among others, species of the F. fujikuroi, F. incarnatum-equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F. sambucinum species complexes, but not species of Bisifusarium [F. dimerum species complex (SC)], Cyanonectria (F. buxicola SC), Geejayessia (F. staphyleae SC), Neocosmospora (F. solani SC) or Rectifusarium (F. ventricosum SC). The present study represents the first step to generating a new online monograph of Fusarium and allied fusarioid genera (www.fusarium.org).
P.W. Crous; L. Lombard; M. Sandoval-Denis; K.A. Seifert; H.-J. Schroers; P. Chaverri; J. Gené; J. Guarro; Y. Hirooka; K. Bensch; G.H.J. Kema; S.C. Lamprecht; L. Cai; A.Y. Rossman; M. Stadler; R.C. Summerbell; J.W. Taylor; S. Ploch; C.M. Visagie; N. Yilmaz; J.C. Frisvad; A.M. Abdel-Azeem; J. Abdollahzadeh; A. Abdolrasouli; A. Akulov; J.F. Alberts; J.P.M. Araújo; H.A. Ariyawansa; M. Bakhshi; M. Bendiksby; A. Ben Hadj Amor; J.D.P. Bezerra; T. Boekhout; M.P.S. Câmara; M. Carbia; G. Cardinali; R.F. Castañeda-Ruiz; A. Celis; V. Chaturvedi; J. Collemare; D. Croll; U. Damm; C.A. Decock; R.P. de Vries; C.N. Ezekiel; X.L. Fan; N.B. Fernández; E. Gaya; C.D. González; D. Gramaje; J.Z. Groenewald; M. Grube; M. Guevara-Suarez; V.K. Gupta; V. Guarnaccia; A. Haddaji; F. Hagen; D. Haelewaters; K. Hansen; A. Hashimoto; M. Hernández-Restrepo; J. Houbraken; V. Hubka; K.D. Hyde; T. Iturriaga; R. Jeewon; P.R. Johnston; Ž. Jurjević; I. Karalti; L. Korsten; E.E. Kuramae; I. Kušan; R. Labuda; D.P. Lawrence; H.B. Lee; C. Lechat; H.Y. Li; Y.A. Litovka; S.S.N. Maharachchikumbura; Y. Marin-Felix; B. Matio Kemkuignou; N. Matočec; A.R. McTaggart; P. Mlčoch; L. Mugnai; C. Nakashima; R.H. Nilsson; S.R. Noumeur; I.N. Pavlov; M.P. Peralta; A.J.L. Phillips; J.I. Pitt; G. Polizzi; W. Quaedvlieg; K.C. Rajeshkumar; S. Restrepo; A. Rhaiem; J. Robert; V. Robert; A.M. Rodrigues; C. Salgado-Salazar; R.A. Samson; A.C.S. Santos; R.G. Shivas; C.M. Souza-Motta; G.Y. Sun; W.J. Swart; S. Szoke; Y.P. Tan; P.W.J. Taylor; P.V. Tiago; K.Z. Váczy; N. van de Wiele; N.A. van der Merwe; G.J.M. Verkley; W.A.S. Vieira; A. Vizzini; B.S. Weir; N.N. Wijayawardene; J.W. Xia; M.J. Yáñez-Morales; A. Yurkov; J.C. Zamora; R. Zare; C.L. Zhang; M. Thines. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell. Studies in Mycology 2021, 98, 100116 .
AMA StyleP.W. Crous, L. Lombard, M. Sandoval-Denis, K.A. Seifert, H.-J. Schroers, P. Chaverri, J. Gené, J. Guarro, Y. Hirooka, K. Bensch, G.H.J. Kema, S.C. Lamprecht, L. Cai, A.Y. Rossman, M. Stadler, R.C. Summerbell, J.W. Taylor, S. Ploch, C.M. Visagie, N. Yilmaz, J.C. Frisvad, A.M. Abdel-Azeem, J. Abdollahzadeh, A. Abdolrasouli, A. Akulov, J.F. Alberts, J.P.M. Araújo, H.A. Ariyawansa, M. Bakhshi, M. Bendiksby, A. Ben Hadj Amor, J.D.P. Bezerra, T. Boekhout, M.P.S. Câmara, M. Carbia, G. Cardinali, R.F. Castañeda-Ruiz, A. Celis, V. Chaturvedi, J. Collemare, D. Croll, U. Damm, C.A. Decock, R.P. de Vries, C.N. Ezekiel, X.L. Fan, N.B. Fernández, E. Gaya, C.D. González, D. Gramaje, J.Z. Groenewald, M. Grube, M. Guevara-Suarez, V.K. Gupta, V. Guarnaccia, A. Haddaji, F. Hagen, D. Haelewaters, K. Hansen, A. Hashimoto, M. Hernández-Restrepo, J. Houbraken, V. Hubka, K.D. Hyde, T. Iturriaga, R. Jeewon, P.R. Johnston, Ž. Jurjević, I. Karalti, L. Korsten, E.E. Kuramae, I. Kušan, R. Labuda, D.P. Lawrence, H.B. Lee, C. Lechat, H.Y. Li, Y.A. Litovka, S.S.N. Maharachchikumbura, Y. Marin-Felix, B. Matio Kemkuignou, N. Matočec, A.R. McTaggart, P. Mlčoch, L. Mugnai, C. Nakashima, R.H. Nilsson, S.R. Noumeur, I.N. Pavlov, M.P. Peralta, A.J.L. Phillips, J.I. Pitt, G. Polizzi, W. Quaedvlieg, K.C. Rajeshkumar, S. Restrepo, A. Rhaiem, J. Robert, V. Robert, A.M. Rodrigues, C. Salgado-Salazar, R.A. Samson, A.C.S. Santos, R.G. Shivas, C.M. Souza-Motta, G.Y. Sun, W.J. Swart, S. Szoke, Y.P. Tan, P.W.J. Taylor, P.V. Tiago, K.Z. Váczy, N. van de Wiele, N.A. van der Merwe, G.J.M. Verkley, W.A.S. Vieira, A. Vizzini, B.S. Weir, N.N. Wijayawardene, J.W. Xia, M.J. Yáñez-Morales, A. Yurkov, J.C. Zamora, R. Zare, C.L. Zhang, M. Thines. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell. Studies in Mycology. 2021; 98 ():100116.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP.W. Crous; L. Lombard; M. Sandoval-Denis; K.A. Seifert; H.-J. Schroers; P. Chaverri; J. Gené; J. Guarro; Y. Hirooka; K. Bensch; G.H.J. Kema; S.C. Lamprecht; L. Cai; A.Y. Rossman; M. Stadler; R.C. Summerbell; J.W. Taylor; S. Ploch; C.M. Visagie; N. Yilmaz; J.C. Frisvad; A.M. Abdel-Azeem; J. Abdollahzadeh; A. Abdolrasouli; A. Akulov; J.F. Alberts; J.P.M. Araújo; H.A. Ariyawansa; M. Bakhshi; M. Bendiksby; A. Ben Hadj Amor; J.D.P. Bezerra; T. Boekhout; M.P.S. Câmara; M. Carbia; G. Cardinali; R.F. Castañeda-Ruiz; A. Celis; V. Chaturvedi; J. Collemare; D. Croll; U. Damm; C.A. Decock; R.P. de Vries; C.N. Ezekiel; X.L. Fan; N.B. Fernández; E. Gaya; C.D. González; D. Gramaje; J.Z. Groenewald; M. Grube; M. Guevara-Suarez; V.K. Gupta; V. Guarnaccia; A. Haddaji; F. Hagen; D. Haelewaters; K. Hansen; A. Hashimoto; M. Hernández-Restrepo; J. Houbraken; V. Hubka; K.D. Hyde; T. Iturriaga; R. Jeewon; P.R. Johnston; Ž. Jurjević; I. Karalti; L. Korsten; E.E. Kuramae; I. Kušan; R. Labuda; D.P. Lawrence; H.B. Lee; C. Lechat; H.Y. Li; Y.A. Litovka; S.S.N. Maharachchikumbura; Y. Marin-Felix; B. Matio Kemkuignou; N. Matočec; A.R. McTaggart; P. Mlčoch; L. Mugnai; C. Nakashima; R.H. Nilsson; S.R. Noumeur; I.N. Pavlov; M.P. Peralta; A.J.L. Phillips; J.I. Pitt; G. Polizzi; W. Quaedvlieg; K.C. Rajeshkumar; S. Restrepo; A. Rhaiem; J. Robert; V. Robert; A.M. Rodrigues; C. Salgado-Salazar; R.A. Samson; A.C.S. Santos; R.G. Shivas; C.M. Souza-Motta; G.Y. Sun; W.J. Swart; S. Szoke; Y.P. Tan; P.W.J. Taylor; P.V. Tiago; K.Z. Váczy; N. van de Wiele; N.A. van der Merwe; G.J.M. Verkley; W.A.S. Vieira; A. Vizzini; B.S. Weir; N.N. Wijayawardene; J.W. Xia; M.J. Yáñez-Morales; A. Yurkov; J.C. Zamora; R. Zare; C.L. Zhang; M. Thines. 2021. "Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell." Studies in Mycology 98, no. : 100116.
Cereals, legumes and nuts are widely produced and consumed in Nigeria. Despite the availability of these food crops, their safety is often compromised by the presence of mycotoxins. In Nigeria, mixtures of several mycotoxins, including the highly carcinogenic aflatoxins together with fumonisins, ochratoxins and the trichothecenes, commonly co-occur in cereals and nuts than in legumes, thus, posing serious health risks to consumers. Physical interventions such as hand-sorting, cleaning/washing and other simple control measures (e.g., winnowing) could be effective to reduce mycotoxin exposures especially in resource-scarce rural areas. However, food crops are frequently stored prior to or after applying these measures. Hence, if storage conditions are inappropriate, other intervention strategies may fail due to increased accumulation of mycotoxins under poor storage. Moreover, poor storage practices may encourage infestation by insects and pests that can cause grain damage leading to contamination by toxigenic fungi. In addition, the market value of such grains will be adversely affected and this can contribute to economic loss and poverty at household level. This review provides data on mycotoxin contamination of grains in Nigeria, mycotoxins in biological fluids, and showcases various poor grain storage practices. Furthermore, viable alternatives for improved grain storage, which can be applied in Nigeria, was suggested as a means to reduce mycotoxin exposure and to safeguard consumer health.
Kolawole I. Ayeni; Olusegun O. Atanda; Rudolf Krska; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Present status and future perspectives of grain drying and storage practices as a means to reduce mycotoxin exposure in Nigeria. Food Control 2021, 126, 108074 .
AMA StyleKolawole I. Ayeni, Olusegun O. Atanda, Rudolf Krska, Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Present status and future perspectives of grain drying and storage practices as a means to reduce mycotoxin exposure in Nigeria. Food Control. 2021; 126 ():108074.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKolawole I. Ayeni; Olusegun O. Atanda; Rudolf Krska; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. 2021. "Present status and future perspectives of grain drying and storage practices as a means to reduce mycotoxin exposure in Nigeria." Food Control 126, no. : 108074.
Ogi is a fermented cereal beverage, made primarily from maize (Zea mays) and rarely from millets. Unlike maize-based ogi, little is known about the bacterial community and mycotoxin profile during the production of millet-based ogi. Therefore, the bacterial community dynamics and mycotoxin reduction during ogi processing from three millet varieties were investigated using next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. A total of 1163 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were obtained, with ASV diversity across time intervals influenced by processing stage and millet variety. ASV distribution among samples suggested that the souring stage was more influenced by millet variety than the steeping stage, and that souring may be crucial for the quality attributes of the ogi. Furthermore, bacterial community structure during steeping and souring was significantly differentiated (PERMANOVA, P < 0.05) between varieties, with close associations observed for closely-related millet varieties. Taxonomically, Firmicutes, followed by Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria phyla were relatively abundant (>1%). Lactic acid bacteria, such as Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Pediococcus, dominated most fermentation stages, suggesting their roles as key fermentative and functional bacteria in relation to mycotoxin reduction. About 52–100%, 58–100% and 100% reductions in mycotoxin (aflatoxins, beauvericin, citrinin, moniliformin, sterigmatocystin and zearalenone) concentrations were recorded after processing of white fonio, brown fonio and finger millet, respectively, into ogi. This study provides new knowledge of the dominant bacterial genera vital for the improvement of millet-based ogi through starter culture development and as well, elucidates the role of processing in reducing mycotoxins in millet ogi.
Ihuoma E. Chibuzor-Onyema; Obinna T. Ezeokoli; Michael Sulyok; Iviwe Notununu; Awanwee Petchkongkaew; Christopher T. Elliott; Rasheed A. Adeleke; Rudolf Krska; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Metataxonomic analysis of bacterial communities and mycotoxin reduction during processing of three millet varieties into ogi, a fermented cereal beverage. Food Research International 2021, 143, 110241 .
AMA StyleIhuoma E. Chibuzor-Onyema, Obinna T. Ezeokoli, Michael Sulyok, Iviwe Notununu, Awanwee Petchkongkaew, Christopher T. Elliott, Rasheed A. Adeleke, Rudolf Krska, Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Metataxonomic analysis of bacterial communities and mycotoxin reduction during processing of three millet varieties into ogi, a fermented cereal beverage. Food Research International. 2021; 143 ():110241.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIhuoma E. Chibuzor-Onyema; Obinna T. Ezeokoli; Michael Sulyok; Iviwe Notununu; Awanwee Petchkongkaew; Christopher T. Elliott; Rasheed A. Adeleke; Rudolf Krska; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. 2021. "Metataxonomic analysis of bacterial communities and mycotoxin reduction during processing of three millet varieties into ogi, a fermented cereal beverage." Food Research International 143, no. : 110241.
Animal milk types in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) are processed into varieties of products using different traditional methods and are widely consumed by households to support nutritional intake and diet. Dairy products contain several microorganisms, their metabolites, and other chemical compounds, some with health benefits and many others considered as potential health hazards. Consumption of contaminated milk products could have serious health implications for consumers. To access the safety of milk products across SSA, studies in the region investigating the occurrences of pathogens as well as chemical compounds such as heat stable toxins and veterinary drug residues in animal milk and its products were reviewed. This is done with a holistic view in light of the emerging exposome paradigm for improving food safety and consumer health in the region. Herein, we showed that several published studies in SSA applied conventional and/or less sensitive methods in detecting microbial species and chemical contaminants. This has serious implications in food safety because the correct identity of a microbial species and accurate screening for chemical contaminants is crucial for predicting the potential human health effects that undermine the benefits from consumption of these foods. Furthermore, we highlighted gaps in determining the extent of viral and parasitic contamination of milk products across SSA as well as investigating multiple classes of chemical contaminants. Consequently, robust studies should be conducted in this regard. Also, efforts such as development cooperation projects should be initiated by all stakeholders including scientists, regulatory agencies, and policy makers to improve the dairy product chain in SSA in view of safeguarding consumer health.
Muiz O. Akinyemi; Kolawole I. Ayeni; Omotade R. Ogunremi; Rasheed A. Adeleke; Folarin A. Oguntoyinbo; Benedikt Warth; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. A review of microbes and chemical contaminants in dairy products in sub‐Saharan Africa. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 2021, 20, 1188 -1220.
AMA StyleMuiz O. Akinyemi, Kolawole I. Ayeni, Omotade R. Ogunremi, Rasheed A. Adeleke, Folarin A. Oguntoyinbo, Benedikt Warth, Chibundu N. Ezekiel. A review of microbes and chemical contaminants in dairy products in sub‐Saharan Africa. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2021; 20 (2):1188-1220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuiz O. Akinyemi; Kolawole I. Ayeni; Omotade R. Ogunremi; Rasheed A. Adeleke; Folarin A. Oguntoyinbo; Benedikt Warth; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. 2021. "A review of microbes and chemical contaminants in dairy products in sub‐Saharan Africa." Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 20, no. 2: 1188-1220.
Food safety encompasses the elimination of biological, chemical, and physical hazards along the food chain; however, climate change, an abnormal change in weather conditions, is a threat to food safety due to irregularities in the elements of weather essential for food production. Such factors include elevated atmospheric carbon (IV) oxide (CO2), precipitation, rainfall, and temperature. Considering that the aim of food safety is to eliminate food hazards along the food chain, it is threatened by climate change in several ways, resulting in adverse effects such as severe consequences for livestock production, harmful algal bloom, mycotoxins (produced by mycotoxigenic fungi on crops), residues of pesticides and tenacious contaminants, and pathogenic microorganisms from contaminated water. These climate changes include landslides and avalanches, drought and extreme heat waves, drought, heavy precipitation, flooding and tropical storms, ocean warming, climate change related acidification, and changes in ocean salinity. Therefore, there is a great need to employ adaptive strategies such as the establishment of a food safety management programme which would expound on the need to detect food hazards in food as a result of climate change. This programme should include setting up awareness for consumers, the improvement of epidemiological surveillance, improved co-ordination among food safety organizations, public health officials, and veterinary officials, amongst others. Thus, to achieve the sustainable development goal two, of eradicating hunger, it is imperative to harness the strategies for reducing the food safety hazards associated with climate change.
Oluwawapelumi A. Oyedele; Muiz O. Akinyemi; Tihomir Kovač; Ukpai A. Eze; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Food safety in the face of climate change. Croatian journal of food science and technology 2020, 12, 280 -286.
AMA StyleOluwawapelumi A. Oyedele, Muiz O. Akinyemi, Tihomir Kovač, Ukpai A. Eze, Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Food safety in the face of climate change. Croatian journal of food science and technology. 2020; 12 (2):280-286.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOluwawapelumi A. Oyedele; Muiz O. Akinyemi; Tihomir Kovač; Ukpai A. Eze; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. 2020. "Food safety in the face of climate change." Croatian journal of food science and technology 12, no. 2: 280-286.
Contamination of ready‐to‐eat (RTE) foods by pathogenic bacteria may predispose consumers to foodborne diseases. This study investigated the presence of bacterial contaminants and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in three locally processed RTE foods (eko, fufu and zobo) vended in urban markets in Ogun state, Nigeria. Bacteria isolated from a total of 120 RTE food samples were identified by 16S rRNA gene phylogeny while susceptibility patterns to eight classes of antibiotics were determined by the disc diffusion method. Species belonging to the genera Acinetobacter and Enterobacter were recovered from all RTE food types investigated, Klebsiella and Staphylococcus were recovered from eko and fufu samples, while those of Shigella were recovered from eko samples. Enterobacter hormachei was the most prevalent species in all three RTE food types. Precisely 99% of 149 isolates were multidrug‐resistant, suggesting a high risk for RTE food handlers and consumers. Co‐resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin was the most frequently observed resistance phenotype. Results demonstrate that improved hygiene practices by food processors and vendors are urgently required during RTE processing and retail. Also, adequate food safety guidelines, regulation and enforcement by relevant government agencies are needed to improve the safety of RTE foods and ensure the protection of consumer health.
Oluwadamilola M. Makinde; Modupeade C. Adetunji; Obinna T. Ezeokoli; Bamidele T. Odumosu; Lubanza Ngoma; Mulunda Mwanza; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Bacterial contaminants and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in ready‐to‐eat foods vended in Ogun state, Nigeria. Letters in Applied Microbiology 2020, 72, 187 -195.
AMA StyleOluwadamilola M. Makinde, Modupeade C. Adetunji, Obinna T. Ezeokoli, Bamidele T. Odumosu, Lubanza Ngoma, Mulunda Mwanza, Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Bacterial contaminants and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in ready‐to‐eat foods vended in Ogun state, Nigeria. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 2020; 72 (2):187-195.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOluwadamilola M. Makinde; Modupeade C. Adetunji; Obinna T. Ezeokoli; Bamidele T. Odumosu; Lubanza Ngoma; Mulunda Mwanza; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. 2020. "Bacterial contaminants and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in ready‐to‐eat foods vended in Ogun state, Nigeria." Letters in Applied Microbiology 72, no. 2: 187-195.
Globally, more than 20 kinds of fruits are vended as minimally processed or fresh-cut fruits (FCFs). In Nigeria, pineapple (Ananas comosus) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) are among the commonest FCFs retailed and consumed regularly. However, the consumption of FCFs vended in open markets may constitute health risks owing to microbial contamination. This study assessed the bacteriological safety of FCFs in urban markets across six south-western Nigerian states. One hundred and twenty pineapple and watermelon products, samples of fruit wash water and vendors’ hand swabs were randomly sampled in markets and analysed for bacterial contamination by standard bacterial culturing methods, followed by analyses of partial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences. Bacterial isolates were further screened for haemolysin and amylase production, as well as subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing against eight commonly administered antibiotics. Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pantoea and Shigella were the enteric bacterial genera identified in the fruits. Within these genera, 11 species were detected including two potential pathogens, Enterobacter hormaechei and Enterobacter sichuanensis, that are reported for the first time in vended FCFs in Nigeria. Klebsiella pneumoniae was detected across all sampling points and sample types, suggesting its prevalence in the FCFs process chain. About 10% of 102 isolates obtained had haemolytic potentials against erythrocytes, while 9.8% produced amylase. About 76% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant strains. Co-resistance to ampicillin and gentamicin was the most prevalent resistance pattern observed. About 7% of all isolates including those of Escherichia coli, E. hormaechei, E. sichuanensis and Shigella flexneri were resistant to all the tested antibiotics. Hand swabs from fruit vendors and fruit wash water revealed phylotypes similar to those in the FCFs, suggesting their involvement as potential sources of contamination of the fruits. Appropriate food safety measures for handlers and consumers of FCFs are thus recommended.
Oluwawapelumi A. Oyedele; Kanny Y. Kuzamani; Modupeade C. Adetunji; Babasola A. Osopale; Oluwadamilola M. Makinde; Ogechi E. Onyebuenyi; Oluwakemi M. Ogunmola; Onyeka C. Mozea; Kolawole I. Ayeni; Obinna Ezeokoli; Adedeji M. Oyinloye; Lubanza Ngoma; Mulunda Mwanza; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Bacteriological assessment of tropical retail fresh-cut, ready-to-eat fruits in south-western Nigeria. Scientific African 2020, 9, e00505 .
AMA StyleOluwawapelumi A. Oyedele, Kanny Y. Kuzamani, Modupeade C. Adetunji, Babasola A. Osopale, Oluwadamilola M. Makinde, Ogechi E. Onyebuenyi, Oluwakemi M. Ogunmola, Onyeka C. Mozea, Kolawole I. Ayeni, Obinna Ezeokoli, Adedeji M. Oyinloye, Lubanza Ngoma, Mulunda Mwanza, Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Bacteriological assessment of tropical retail fresh-cut, ready-to-eat fruits in south-western Nigeria. Scientific African. 2020; 9 ():e00505.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOluwawapelumi A. Oyedele; Kanny Y. Kuzamani; Modupeade C. Adetunji; Babasola A. Osopale; Oluwadamilola M. Makinde; Ogechi E. Onyebuenyi; Oluwakemi M. Ogunmola; Onyeka C. Mozea; Kolawole I. Ayeni; Obinna Ezeokoli; Adedeji M. Oyinloye; Lubanza Ngoma; Mulunda Mwanza; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. 2020. "Bacteriological assessment of tropical retail fresh-cut, ready-to-eat fruits in south-western Nigeria." Scientific African 9, no. : e00505.
In this study, melon (n = 60) and sesame (n = 60) seeds purchased from markets within Benue and Nasarawa states, respectively, in Nigeria, during two seasons (dry and wet), were analysed for fungal and mycotoxin contamination in order to determine the safety of these foods for human consumption. Molecular analysis revealed the following seven fungal taxonomic groups in the foods: Aspergillus section Candidi, Aspergillus section Flavi, Aspergillus section Nigri, Cladosporium, Fusarium fujikuroi species group, Penicillium, and Pleosporales/Didymellaceae. A total of 78 microbial metabolites, including several mycotoxins, occurred in the foods. The most frequent mycotoxins in melon and sesame were aflatoxin B1 (occurrence: 76%) and alternariol monomethyl ether (occurrence: 59%), respectively. However, higher mean total aflatoxin levels occurred in sesame (17 μg kg−1) than in melon (11 μg kg−1). About 28 and 5% of melon and sesame, respectively, exceeded the 4 μg kg−1 total aflatoxin limit for oilseeds intended for direct human consumption in the European Union. Additionally, fumonisin B1 and moniliformin occurred only in sesame, whilst ochratoxins A and B occurred only in melon; ochratoxin B being reported for the first time in this food. Our data indicated seasonal variations in the fungal and mycotoxin contamination levels in both foods.
Adetoun O. Esan; Stephen O. Fapohunda; Chibundu N. Ezekiel; Michael Sulyok; Rudolf Krska. Distribution of fungi and their toxic metabolites in melon and sesame seeds marketed in two major producing states in Nigeria. Mycotoxin Research 2020, 36, 361 -369.
AMA StyleAdetoun O. Esan, Stephen O. Fapohunda, Chibundu N. Ezekiel, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska. Distribution of fungi and their toxic metabolites in melon and sesame seeds marketed in two major producing states in Nigeria. Mycotoxin Research. 2020; 36 (4):361-369.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdetoun O. Esan; Stephen O. Fapohunda; Chibundu N. Ezekiel; Michael Sulyok; Rudolf Krska. 2020. "Distribution of fungi and their toxic metabolites in melon and sesame seeds marketed in two major producing states in Nigeria." Mycotoxin Research 36, no. 4: 361-369.
Mycological investigation of various foods (mainly cowpea, groundnut, maize, rice, sorghum) and agricultural soils from two states in north-central Nigeria (Nasarawa and Niger), was conducted in order to understand the role of filamentous fungi in food contamination and public health. A total of 839 fungal isolates were recovered from 84% of the 250 food and all 30 soil samples. Preliminary identifications were made, based on macro- and micromorphological characters. Representative strains (n = 121) were studied in detail using morphology and DNA sequencing, involving genera/species-specific markers, while extrolite profiles using LC-MS/MS were obtained for a selection of strains. The representative strains grouped in seven genera (Aspergillus, Fusarium, Macrophomina, Meyerozyma, Neocosmospora, Neotestudina and Phoma). Amongst the 21 species that were isolated during this study was one novel species belonging to the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex, F. madaensesp. nov., obtained from groundnut and sorghum in Nasarawa state. The examined strains produced diverse extrolites, including several uncommon compounds: averantinmethylether in A. aflatoxiformans; aspergillimide in A. flavus; heptelidic acid in A. austwickii; desoxypaxillin, kotanin A and paspalitrems (A and B) in A. aflatoxiformans, A. austwickii and A. cerealis; aurasperon C, dimethylsulochrin, fellutanine A, methylorsellinic acid, nigragillin and pyrophen in A. brunneoviolaceus; cyclosporins (A, B, C and H) in A. niger; methylorsellinic acid, pyrophen and secalonic acid in A. piperis; aspulvinone E, fonsecin, kojic acid, kotanin A, malformin C, pyranonigrin and pyrophen in A. vadensis; and all compounds in F. madaense sp. nov., Meyerozyma, Neocosmospora and Neotestudina. This study provides snapshot data for prediction of food contamination and fungal biodiversity exploitation.
Chibundu N. Ezekiel; Bart Kraak; Marcelo Sandoval-Denis; Michael Sulyok; Oluwawapelumi A. Oyedele; Kolawole I. Ayeni; Oluwadamilola M. Makinde; Oluwatosin M. Akinyemi; Rudolf Krska; Pedro W. Crous; Jos Houbraken. Diversity and toxigenicity of fungi and description of Fusarium madaense sp. nov. from cereals, legumes and soils in north-central Nigeria. MycoKeys 2020, 67, 95 -124.
AMA StyleChibundu N. Ezekiel, Bart Kraak, Marcelo Sandoval-Denis, Michael Sulyok, Oluwawapelumi A. Oyedele, Kolawole I. Ayeni, Oluwadamilola M. Makinde, Oluwatosin M. Akinyemi, Rudolf Krska, Pedro W. Crous, Jos Houbraken. Diversity and toxigenicity of fungi and description of Fusarium madaense sp. nov. from cereals, legumes and soils in north-central Nigeria. MycoKeys. 2020; 67 ():95-124.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChibundu N. Ezekiel; Bart Kraak; Marcelo Sandoval-Denis; Michael Sulyok; Oluwawapelumi A. Oyedele; Kolawole I. Ayeni; Oluwadamilola M. Makinde; Oluwatosin M. Akinyemi; Rudolf Krska; Pedro W. Crous; Jos Houbraken. 2020. "Diversity and toxigenicity of fungi and description of Fusarium madaense sp. nov. from cereals, legumes and soils in north-central Nigeria." MycoKeys 67, no. : 95-124.
BACKGROUNDInfants are a vulnerable population whose nutrition changes as complementary foods are introduced; a process which may modify patterns of exposure to dietary mycotoxins. However, exposure monitoring of dietary mycotoxin mixtures in several biological samples obtained from breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed children is scarce.OBJECTIVESTo examine mycotoxin co-exposure patterns in infants using a multi-specimen, multi-mycotoxin approach.METHODSBreast milk, complementary food and urine obtained from 65 infants, aged 1–18 months, in Ogun state, Nigeria, were analyzed for mycotoxins using ultra-sensitive LC-MS/MS approaches.RESULTSComplementary food was contaminated with seven distinct classes of mycotoxins including aflatoxins (9/42 samples; range: 1.0–16.2µg/kg) and fumonisins (14/42; range: 8– 167µg/kg). Aflatoxin M1 was detected in breast milk (4/22), while six other classes of mycotoxins were quantified; including dihydrocitrinone (6/22; range: 14.0–59.7ng/L) and sterigmatocystin (1/22; 1.2ng/L) detected for the first time. Mycotoxins were detected in 64/65 of the urine samples, with seven distinct classes of mycotoxins observed demonstrating ubiquitous exposure. Two aflatoxin metabolites (AFM1 and AFQ1) and FB1 were detected in 6/65, 44/65 and 17/65 samples, respectively. Mixtures of mycotoxin classes were common, including 14/42, 22/22 and 56/65 samples having 2–4, 2–6 or 2–6 mycotoxins present, for complementary food, breast milk and urine, respectively. Aflatoxin and/or fumonisin was detected in 12/14, 4/22 and 46/56 for complimentary foods, breast milk and urine, respectively. Furthermore, the detection frequency, mean concentrations and occurrence of mixtures were typically greater in urine of non-exclusively breastfed compared to breastfed children.CONCLUSIONSThe study provides novel insights into mycotoxin co-exposures in children in a mycotoxin high-risk country without proper food safety measures. Albeit a small sample set, it highlights significant transition to higher levels of infant mycotoxin exposure as complementary foods are introduced, providing impetus to mitigate during this critical early-life period and encourage breastfeeding.
Chibundu N. Ezekiel; Wilfred A. Abia; Dominik Braun; Bojan Šarkanj; Kolawole I. Ayeni; Oluwawapelumi A. Oyedele; Emmanuel C. Michael-Chikezie; Victoria C. Ezekiel; Beatrice Mark; Chinonso P. Ahuchaogu; Rudolf Krska; Michael Sulyok; Paul C. Turner; Benedikt Warth. Comprehensive mycotoxin exposure biomonitoring in breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed Nigerian children. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleChibundu N. Ezekiel, Wilfred A. Abia, Dominik Braun, Bojan Šarkanj, Kolawole I. Ayeni, Oluwawapelumi A. Oyedele, Emmanuel C. Michael-Chikezie, Victoria C. Ezekiel, Beatrice Mark, Chinonso P. Ahuchaogu, Rudolf Krska, Michael Sulyok, Paul C. Turner, Benedikt Warth. Comprehensive mycotoxin exposure biomonitoring in breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed Nigerian children. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChibundu N. Ezekiel; Wilfred A. Abia; Dominik Braun; Bojan Šarkanj; Kolawole I. Ayeni; Oluwawapelumi A. Oyedele; Emmanuel C. Michael-Chikezie; Victoria C. Ezekiel; Beatrice Mark; Chinonso P. Ahuchaogu; Rudolf Krska; Michael Sulyok; Paul C. Turner; Benedikt Warth. 2020. "Comprehensive mycotoxin exposure biomonitoring in breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed Nigerian children." , no. : 1.
Aflatoxin contamination of maize is a serious food safety problem worldwide. Despite the widespread consumption of maize in Nigeria, there is limited data on aflatoxin contents of maize vended in open markets in Ondo state, Nigeria. A total of 140 maize samples randomly purchased from major markets in four locations in Ondo state, were screened for total aflatoxins using an ELISA method. Exposure and health risk assessments were performed for the maize consumers by the deterministic and Margin of exposure (MOE) approaches, respectively. About 99% of the maize were contaminated with total aflatoxins (range: 0.65–265 µg/kg; mean: 125.9 µg/kg). Aflatoxin levels exceeding the 4 µg/kg set by the European Union for total aflatoxins were found in 88% of the maize whilst more than one half contained at least 100 µg/kg aflatoxins. The average probable daily intake values were 830, 332 and 138 ng/kg bw/day for the average children, adolescent and adult populations, respectively. Consequently, MOEs for the respective populations were 0.20, 0.51 and 1.23, suggesting a high level of health risk for consumers of maize vended in open markets in Ondo state due to high aflatoxin levels. Maize farmers and households in Ondo state need urgent aflatoxin mitigation interventions.
Kolawole I. Ayeni; Oluwatosin M. Akinyemi; Tihomir Kovač; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Aflatoxin contamination of maize vended in Ondo state, Nigeria, and health risk assessments. Croatian journal of food science and technology 2020, 12, 123 -129.
AMA StyleKolawole I. Ayeni, Oluwatosin M. Akinyemi, Tihomir Kovač, Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Aflatoxin contamination of maize vended in Ondo state, Nigeria, and health risk assessments. Croatian journal of food science and technology. 2020; 12 (1):123-129.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKolawole I. Ayeni; Oluwatosin M. Akinyemi; Tihomir Kovač; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. 2020. "Aflatoxin contamination of maize vended in Ondo state, Nigeria, and health risk assessments." Croatian journal of food science and technology 12, no. 1: 123-129.
Despite the efforts to control mycotoxin contamination worldwide, extensive contamination has been reported to occur in food and feed. The contamination is even more intense due to climate changes and different stressors. This study examined the impact of fullerol C60(OH)24 nanoparticles (FNP) (at 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 ng mL−1) on the secondary metabolite profile of the most relevant foodborne mycotoxigenic fungi from genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, Alternaria and Penicillium, during growth in vitro. Fungi were grown in liquid RPMI 1640 media for 72 h at 29 °C, and metabolites were investigated by the LC-MS/MS dilute and shoot multimycotoxin method. Exposure to FNP showed great potential in decreasing the concentrations of 35 secondary metabolites; the decreases were dependent on FNP concentration and fungal genus. These results are a relevant guide for future examination of fungi-FNP interactions in environmental conditions. The aim is to establish the exact mechanism of FNP action and determine the impact such interactions have on food and feed safety.
Tihomir Kovač; Bojan Šarkanj; Ivana Borišev; Aleksandar Djordjevic; Danica Jović; Ante Lončarić; Jurislav Babić; Antun Jozinović; Tamara Krska; Johann Gangl; Chibundu N. Ezekiel; Michael Sulyok; Rudolf Krska. Fullerol C60(OH)24 Nanoparticles Affect Secondary Metabolite Profile of Important Foodborne Mycotoxigenic Fungi In Vitro. Toxins 2020, 12, 213 .
AMA StyleTihomir Kovač, Bojan Šarkanj, Ivana Borišev, Aleksandar Djordjevic, Danica Jović, Ante Lončarić, Jurislav Babić, Antun Jozinović, Tamara Krska, Johann Gangl, Chibundu N. Ezekiel, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska. Fullerol C60(OH)24 Nanoparticles Affect Secondary Metabolite Profile of Important Foodborne Mycotoxigenic Fungi In Vitro. Toxins. 2020; 12 (4):213.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTihomir Kovač; Bojan Šarkanj; Ivana Borišev; Aleksandar Djordjevic; Danica Jović; Ante Lončarić; Jurislav Babić; Antun Jozinović; Tamara Krska; Johann Gangl; Chibundu N. Ezekiel; Michael Sulyok; Rudolf Krska. 2020. "Fullerol C60(OH)24 Nanoparticles Affect Secondary Metabolite Profile of Important Foodborne Mycotoxigenic Fungi In Vitro." Toxins 12, no. 4: 213.
There is scarce data on the mycotoxin profile in retailed fruit juices in Nigeria. Thirty-five industrially-processed fruit juice samples randomly purchased from retailers in Ogun state, Nigeria, were analysed for the presence of > 650 toxic fungal and plant metabolites using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method. Only 18 metabolites, including 3-nitropropionic acid, alternariol methylether and emodin, but excluding citrinin, fumonisin B2, ochratoxin A and patulin, were detected in trace levels in at least one juice sample. Amygdalin, a plant cyanogen, was quantified (2.05–359 µg/L) in 40% of the samples. Although the levels of mycotoxins and toxic plant metabolites found in the juice may be relatively low, daily consumption of juices containing such low levels may contribute to dietary exposures to these natural chemical contaminants in consumers. Fruit juice processors should be encouraged to adhere strictly to good manufacturing practices in order to keep mycotoxins away from the final products.
Kolawole I. Ayeni; Michael Sulyok; Rudolf Krska; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Fungal and plant metabolites in industrially-processed fruit juices in Nigeria. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B 2020, 13, 155 -161.
AMA StyleKolawole I. Ayeni, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Fungal and plant metabolites in industrially-processed fruit juices in Nigeria. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B. 2020; 13 (3):155-161.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKolawole I. Ayeni; Michael Sulyok; Rudolf Krska; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. 2020. "Fungal and plant metabolites in industrially-processed fruit juices in Nigeria." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B 13, no. 3: 155-161.
Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most abundant mycotoxins in cereal products, was recently detected with other mycotoxins and the emetic bacterial toxin cereulide (CER) in maize porridge. Within a cereal-based diet, co-exposure to these toxins is likely, hence raising the question of combinatory toxicological effects. While the toxicological evaluation of DON has quite progressed, consequences of chronic, low-dose CER exposure are still insufficiently explored. Information about the combinatory toxicological effects of these toxins is lacking. In the present study, we investigated how CER (0.1–100 ng/mL) and DON (0.01–10 µg/mL) alone and in a constant ratio of 1:100 (CER:DON) affect the cytotoxicity and immune response of differentiated human intestinal Caco-2 cells. While DON alone reduced cell viability only in the highest concentration (10 µg/mL), CER caused severe cytotoxicity upon prolonged incubation (starting from 10 ng/mL after 24 h and 48 h, 2.5 ng/mL and higher after 72 h). After 72 h, synergistic effects were observed at 2.5 ng/mL CER and 0.25 µg/mL DON. Different endpoints of inflammation were investigated in interleukin-1β-stimulated Caco-2 cells. Notably, DON-induced interleukin-8 transcription and secretion were diminished by the presence of 10 and 25 ng/mL CER after short-term (5 h) incubation, indicating immunosuppressive properties. We hypothesise that habitual consumption of cereal-based foods co-contaminated with CER and DON may cause synergistic cytotoxic effects and an altered immune response in the human intestine. Therefore, further research concerning effects of co-occurring bacterial toxins and mycotoxins on the impairment of intestinal barrier integrity, intestinal inflammation and the promotion of malnutrition is needed.
Julia Beisl; Gudrun Pahlke; Helen Abeln; Monika Ehling-Schulz; Giorgia Del Favero; Elisabeth Varga; Benedikt Warth; Michael Sulyok; Wilfred Abia; Chibundu N. Ezekiel; Doris Marko. Combinatory effects of cereulide and deoxynivalenol on in vitro cell viability and inflammation of human Caco-2 cells. Archives of Toxicology 2020, 94, 833 -844.
AMA StyleJulia Beisl, Gudrun Pahlke, Helen Abeln, Monika Ehling-Schulz, Giorgia Del Favero, Elisabeth Varga, Benedikt Warth, Michael Sulyok, Wilfred Abia, Chibundu N. Ezekiel, Doris Marko. Combinatory effects of cereulide and deoxynivalenol on in vitro cell viability and inflammation of human Caco-2 cells. Archives of Toxicology. 2020; 94 (3):833-844.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulia Beisl; Gudrun Pahlke; Helen Abeln; Monika Ehling-Schulz; Giorgia Del Favero; Elisabeth Varga; Benedikt Warth; Michael Sulyok; Wilfred Abia; Chibundu N. Ezekiel; Doris Marko. 2020. "Combinatory effects of cereulide and deoxynivalenol on in vitro cell viability and inflammation of human Caco-2 cells." Archives of Toxicology 94, no. 3: 833-844.
Ready‐to‐eat foods (RTEs) are foods consumed without any further processing. They are widely consumed as choice meals especially by school‐aged children and the fast‐paced working class in most low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), where they contribute substantially to the dietary intake. Depending on the type of processing and packaging material, RTEs could be industrially or traditionally processed. Typically, RTE vendors are of low literacy level, as such, they lack knowledge about good hygiene and food handling practices. In addition, RTEs are often vended in outdoor environments such that they are exposed to several contaminants of microbial origin. Depending on the quantity and type of food contaminant, consumption of contaminated RTEs may result in foodborne diseases and several other adverse health effects in humans. This could constitute major hurdles to growth and development in LMICs. Therefore, this review focuses on providing comprehensive and recent occurrence and impact data on the frequently encountered contaminants of microbial origin published in LMICs within the last decade (2009 to 2018). We have also suggested viable food safety solutions for preventing and controlling the food contamination and promoting consumer health.
Oluwadamilola M. Makinde; Kolawole I. Ayeni; Michael Sulyok; Rudolf Krska; Rasheed Adeleke; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Microbiological safety of ready‐to‐eat foods in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A comprehensive 10‐year (2009 to 2018) review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 2020, 19, 703 -732.
AMA StyleOluwadamilola M. Makinde, Kolawole I. Ayeni, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Rasheed Adeleke, Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Microbiological safety of ready‐to‐eat foods in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A comprehensive 10‐year (2009 to 2018) review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2020; 19 (2):703-732.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOluwadamilola M. Makinde; Kolawole I. Ayeni; Michael Sulyok; Rudolf Krska; Rasheed Adeleke; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. 2020. "Microbiological safety of ready‐to‐eat foods in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A comprehensive 10‐year (2009 to 2018) review." Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 19, no. 2: 703-732.
The impact of fullerene C60 water soluble daughter molecules - fullerols C60(OH)24 nanoparticles (FNP) on emerging (non-aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway) toxins production in mycelia and yeast extract sucrose (YES) media of A. flavus was investigated under growth conditions of 29 °C in the dark for a 168 h period. The FNP solution (10, 100 and 1000 ng mL−1) contained predominantly nanoparticles of 8 nm diameter and with zeta potential mean value of −33 mV. Ten emerging metabolites were produced at concentrations reaching 1,745,035 ng 50 mL−1 YES medium. Seven of the metabolites were found in mycelia and media, while three were only in mycelia. Majority of the metabolites were detected in higher quantity in mycelia than in media, at a ratio of 99:1 (m/m). However, higher metabolite quantities were found in media following FNP application, while FNP caused a decrease of total metabolite quantities in mycelia. The concentrations of the metabolites in media increased in the presence of 1000 ng mL−1 FNP while mycelial quantities of the metabolites decreased with increased applied FNP dose. The impacts of global climate changes on FNP availability in the environment and on mycotoxin occurrence in crops increase the relevance of this study for risk assessment of nanoparticles. Cordycepin is reported for the first time as metabolite of A. flavus.
Tihomir Kovač; Ivana Borišev; Marija Kovač; Ante Lončarić; Frane Čačić Kenjerić; Aleksandar Djordjevic; Ivica Strelec; Chibundu N. Ezekiel; Michael Sulyok; Rudolf Krska; Bojan Šarkanj. Impact of fullerol C60(OH)24 nanoparticles on the production of emerging toxins by Aspergillus flavus. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 725 -10.
AMA StyleTihomir Kovač, Ivana Borišev, Marija Kovač, Ante Lončarić, Frane Čačić Kenjerić, Aleksandar Djordjevic, Ivica Strelec, Chibundu N. Ezekiel, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Bojan Šarkanj. Impact of fullerol C60(OH)24 nanoparticles on the production of emerging toxins by Aspergillus flavus. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):725-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTihomir Kovač; Ivana Borišev; Marija Kovač; Ante Lončarić; Frane Čačić Kenjerić; Aleksandar Djordjevic; Ivica Strelec; Chibundu N. Ezekiel; Michael Sulyok; Rudolf Krska; Bojan Šarkanj. 2020. "Impact of fullerol C60(OH)24 nanoparticles on the production of emerging toxins by Aspergillus flavus." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 725-10.
Fungi and mycotoxin contamination of cocoa beans during fermentation and storage may constitute a hazard in the cocoa value chain and risk to consumers of its products. In this study, fungal profile and secondary metabolite patterns in two cocoa bean hybrids, F and T series, during fermentation and storage were determined. Additionally, secondary metabolite production by the recovered fungi in the beans was examined in culture media. Fungal isolates spanned six genera and eight species: Aspergillus niger, A. tamarii, Paecilomyces variotii, Penicillium citrinum, Pseudopithomyces palmicola, Simplicillium sp., Talaromyces atroroseus and Talaromyces sp.. In both hybrids, Aspergilli (38%) dominated the other fungi while more than one half of all the fungal isolates were from the beans in storage. Among the diverse secondary metabolites produced in media by the isolates were uncommon compounds, e.g. aspulvinone E produced by A. niger, aspterric acid by P. variotii, scalusamid A and sydowinin A by P. citrinum, norlichexanthone and siccanol by Simplicillium, and fallacinol and orsellinic acid by Talaromyces. The strains of P. citrinum produced up to 372 mg/kg citrinin. Forty-four fungal metabolites were quantified in both bean hybrids across the various processing stages, with about 86% occurring in the fermented beans stored for 30 days. The nephrotoxic citrinin, which was not previously reported in cocoa beans worldwide, was the only mycotoxin found in the fermented beans at overall mean concentration of 368 μg/kg. Additionally, its metabolite, dihydrocitrinone, was detected in fermented and stored beans. Consumption of freshly fermented cocoa beans may result in citrinin exposure. Appropriate fungal and mycotoxin control measures are proposed.
Taye O. Akinfala; Jos Houbraken; Michael Sulyok; Abiodun R. Adedeji; Adegboyega C. Odebode; Rudolf Krska; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Moulds and their secondary metabolites associated with the fermentation and storage of two cocoa bean hybrids in Nigeria. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2019, 316, 108490 .
AMA StyleTaye O. Akinfala, Jos Houbraken, Michael Sulyok, Abiodun R. Adedeji, Adegboyega C. Odebode, Rudolf Krska, Chibundu N. Ezekiel. Moulds and their secondary metabolites associated with the fermentation and storage of two cocoa bean hybrids in Nigeria. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2019; 316 ():108490.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTaye O. Akinfala; Jos Houbraken; Michael Sulyok; Abiodun R. Adedeji; Adegboyega C. Odebode; Rudolf Krska; Chibundu N. Ezekiel. 2019. "Moulds and their secondary metabolites associated with the fermentation and storage of two cocoa bean hybrids in Nigeria." International Journal of Food Microbiology 316, no. : 108490.