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Abiotic stresses (AbS), such as drought, salinity, and thermal stresses, could highly affect the growth and development of plants. For decades, researchers have attempted to unravel the mechanisms of AbS for enhancing the corresponding tolerance of plants, especially for crop production in agriculture. In the present communication, we summarized the significant factors (atmosphere, soil and water) of AbS, their regulations, and integrated omics in the most important cereal crops in the world, especially rice, wheat, sorghum, and maize. It has been suggested that using systems biology and advanced sequencing approaches in genomics could help solve the AbS response in cereals. An emphasis was given to holistic approaches such as, bioinformatics and functional omics, gene mining and agronomic traits, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and transcription factors (TFs) family with respect to AbS. In addition, the development of omics studies has improved to address the identification of AbS responsive genes and it enables the interaction between signaling pathways, molecular insights, novel traits and their significance in cereal crops. This review compares AbS mechanisms to omics and bioinformatics resources to provide a comprehensive view of the mechanisms. Moreover, further studies are needed to obtain the information from the integrated omics databases to understand the AbS mechanisms for the development of large spectrum AbS-tolerant crop production.
Rajendran Jeyasri; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Lakkakula Satish; Shunmugiah Pandian; Jen-Tsung Chen; Sunny Ahmar; Xiukang Wang; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Manikandan Ramesh. An Overview of Abiotic Stress in Cereal Crops: Negative Impacts, Regulation, Biotechnology and Integrated Omics. Plants 2021, 10, 1472 .
AMA StyleRajendran Jeyasri, Pandiyan Muthuramalingam, Lakkakula Satish, Shunmugiah Pandian, Jen-Tsung Chen, Sunny Ahmar, Xiukang Wang, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Manikandan Ramesh. An Overview of Abiotic Stress in Cereal Crops: Negative Impacts, Regulation, Biotechnology and Integrated Omics. Plants. 2021; 10 (7):1472.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRajendran Jeyasri; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Lakkakula Satish; Shunmugiah Pandian; Jen-Tsung Chen; Sunny Ahmar; Xiukang Wang; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Manikandan Ramesh. 2021. "An Overview of Abiotic Stress in Cereal Crops: Negative Impacts, Regulation, Biotechnology and Integrated Omics." Plants 10, no. 7: 1472.
The incredible success of crop breeding and agricultural innovation in the last century greatly contributed to the Green Revolution, which significantly increased yields and ensures food security, despite the population explosion. However, new challenges such as rapid climate change, deteriorating soil, and the accumulation of pollutants require much faster responses and more effective solutions that cannot be achieved through traditional breeding. Further prospects for increasing the efficiency of agriculture are undoubtedly associated with the inclusion in the breeding strategy of new knowledge obtained using high-throughput technologies and new tools in the future to ensure the design of new plant genomes and predict the desired phenotype. This article provides an overview of the current state of research in these areas, as well as the study of soil and plant microbiomes, and the prospective use of their potential in a new field of microbiome engineering. In terms of genomic and phenomic predictions, we also propose an integrated approach that combines high-density genotyping and high-throughput phenotyping techniques, which can improve the prediction accuracy of quantitative traits in crop species.
Yuri Gogolev; Sunny Ahmar; Bala Akpinar; Hikmet Budak; Alexey Kiryushkin; Vladimir Gorshkov; Goetz Hensel; Kirill Demchenko; Igor Kovalchuk; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Tugdem Muslu; Ivan Tsers; Narendra Yadav; Viktor Korzun. OMICs, Epigenetics, and Genome Editing Techniques for Food and Nutritional Security. Plants 2021, 10, 1423 .
AMA StyleYuri Gogolev, Sunny Ahmar, Bala Akpinar, Hikmet Budak, Alexey Kiryushkin, Vladimir Gorshkov, Goetz Hensel, Kirill Demchenko, Igor Kovalchuk, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Tugdem Muslu, Ivan Tsers, Narendra Yadav, Viktor Korzun. OMICs, Epigenetics, and Genome Editing Techniques for Food and Nutritional Security. Plants. 2021; 10 (7):1423.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuri Gogolev; Sunny Ahmar; Bala Akpinar; Hikmet Budak; Alexey Kiryushkin; Vladimir Gorshkov; Goetz Hensel; Kirill Demchenko; Igor Kovalchuk; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Tugdem Muslu; Ivan Tsers; Narendra Yadav; Viktor Korzun. 2021. "OMICs, Epigenetics, and Genome Editing Techniques for Food and Nutritional Security." Plants 10, no. 7: 1423.
The WRKY genes are one of the largest families of transcription factors (TFs) and play a crucial role in certain processes in plants including stress signaling, regulation of transcriptional reprogramming associated with stress responses, and other regulatory networks. This study aims to investigate the WRKY gene family in the C3 model plant, Oryza sativa L., using a genome-wide in silico expression analysis. Firstly, 104 WRKY TF family members were identified, and then their molecular properties and expression signatures were analyzed systematically. In silico spatio-temporal and hormonal expression profiling revealed the roles of OsWRKY genes and their dynamism in diverse developmental tissues and hormones, respectively. Comparative mapping between OsWRKY genes and their synteny with C4 panicoid genomes showed the evolutionary insights of the WRKY TF family. Interactions of OsWRKY coding gene sequences represented the complexity of abiotic stress (AbS) and their molecular cross-talks. The expression signature of 26 novel candidate genes in response to stresses exhibited the putative involvement of individual and combined AbS (CAbS) responses. These novel findings unravel the in-depth insights into OsWRKY TF genes and delineate the plant developmental metabolisms and their functional regulations in individual and CAbS conditions.
Rajendran Jeyasri; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Lakkakula Satish; Sivakumar Adarshan; Muthukannan Lakshmi; Shunmugiah Pandian; Jen-Tsung Chen; Sunny Ahmar; Xiukang Wang; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Manikandan Ramesh. The Role of OsWRKY Genes in Rice When Faced with Single and Multiple Abiotic Stresses. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1301 .
AMA StyleRajendran Jeyasri, Pandiyan Muthuramalingam, Lakkakula Satish, Sivakumar Adarshan, Muthukannan Lakshmi, Shunmugiah Pandian, Jen-Tsung Chen, Sunny Ahmar, Xiukang Wang, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Manikandan Ramesh. The Role of OsWRKY Genes in Rice When Faced with Single and Multiple Abiotic Stresses. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (7):1301.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRajendran Jeyasri; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Lakkakula Satish; Sivakumar Adarshan; Muthukannan Lakshmi; Shunmugiah Pandian; Jen-Tsung Chen; Sunny Ahmar; Xiukang Wang; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Manikandan Ramesh. 2021. "The Role of OsWRKY Genes in Rice When Faced with Single and Multiple Abiotic Stresses." Agronomy 11, no. 7: 1301.
Pepper is one of the most important vegetables and spices in the world. Principal pungency is contributed by secondary metabolites called capsaicinoids, mainly synthesized in the placenta of pepper fruit. Various factors, including drought, limit pepper production. Flowering is one of the most sensitive stages affected by drought stress. The current study was conducted to determine the effect of drought on different pepper genotypes at the flowering and pod formation stages. Hot pepper (Pusajuala and Ghotki) and Bell pepper (Green Wonder and PPE-311) genotypes were subjected to drought (35% field capacity) at two different stages (flowering (DF) and pod formation (DP) stage). In comparison, control plants were maintained at 65% field capacity. The data regarding flowering survival rates, antioxidant protein activity, and proline content, were collected. Results indicated that parameters like flower survival percentage, number of fruits per plant, and fruit weight had significant differences among the genotypes in both treatments. A high proline level was observed in Green Wonder at the pod formation stage compared to other genotypes. Capsaicin contents of hot pepper genotypes were affected at the pod formation stage. Antioxidants like GPX were highly active (190 units) in Ghotki at pod formation. Bell pepper genotypes had a high APX activity, highly observed (100 units) in PPE-311 at pod formation, and significantly differ from hot pepper genotypes. In the catalase case, all the genotypes had the highest values in DP compared to control and DF, but Pusajuala (91 units) and Green Wonder (83 units) performed best compared to other genotypes. Overall, the results indicate that drought stress decreased reproductive growth parameters and pungency of pepper fruit as most of the plant energy was consumed in defense molecules (antioxidants). Therefore, water availability at the flowering and pod formation stage is critical to ensure good yield and pepper quality.
Tahir Mahmood; Rashid Rana; Sunny Ahmar; Saima Saeed; Asma Gulzar; Muhammad Khan; Fahad Wattoo; Xiukang Wang; Ferdinando Branca; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Gabrielle Mafra; Xionming Du. Effect of Drought Stress on Capsaicin and Antioxidant Contents in Pepper Genotypes at Reproductive Stage. Plants 2021, 10, 1286 .
AMA StyleTahir Mahmood, Rashid Rana, Sunny Ahmar, Saima Saeed, Asma Gulzar, Muhammad Khan, Fahad Wattoo, Xiukang Wang, Ferdinando Branca, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Gabrielle Mafra, Xionming Du. Effect of Drought Stress on Capsaicin and Antioxidant Contents in Pepper Genotypes at Reproductive Stage. Plants. 2021; 10 (7):1286.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTahir Mahmood; Rashid Rana; Sunny Ahmar; Saima Saeed; Asma Gulzar; Muhammad Khan; Fahad Wattoo; Xiukang Wang; Ferdinando Branca; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Gabrielle Mafra; Xionming Du. 2021. "Effect of Drought Stress on Capsaicin and Antioxidant Contents in Pepper Genotypes at Reproductive Stage." Plants 10, no. 7: 1286.
Sunflower is an important oil-seed crop in Pakistan, it is mainly cultivated in the spring season. It is severely affected by drought stress resulting in lower yield. Cuticular wax acts as the first defense line to protect plants from drought stress condition. It seals the aerial parts of plants and reduce the water loss from leaf surfaces. Various myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factors (TFs) are involved in biosynthesis of epicuticular waxes under drought-stress. However, less information is available for MYB, TFs in drought stress and wax biosynthesis in sunflower. We used different computational tools to compare the Arabidopsis MYB, TFs involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis and drought stress tolerance with sunflower genome. We identified three putative MYB genes (MYB16, MYB94 and MYB96) in sunflower along with their seven homologs in Arabidopsis. Phylogenetic association of MYB TFs in Arabidopsis and sunflower indicated strong conservation of TFs in plant species. From gene structure analysis, it was observed that intron and exon organization was family-specific. MYB TFs were unevenly distributed on sunflower chromosomes. Evolutionary analysis indicated the segmental duplication of the MYB gene family in sunflower. Quantitative Real-Time PCR revealed the up-regulation of three MYB genes under drought stress. The gene expression of MYB16, MYB94 and MYB96 were found many folds higher in experimental plants than control. The present study provided the first insight into MYB TFs family's characterization in sunflower under drought stress conditions and wax biosynthesis TFs.
Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad; Mahmood- Ur- Rahman; Sunny Ahmar; Sajid Fiaz; Farrukh Azeem; Tayyaba Shaheen; Munazza Ijaz; Shazia Anwer Bukhari; Sher Aslam Khan; Freddy Mora-Poblete. Comparative Genomic Analysis of MYB Transcription Factors for Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis and Drought Stress Tolerance in Helianthus annuus L. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleHafiz Muhammad Ahmad, Mahmood- Ur- Rahman, Sunny Ahmar, Sajid Fiaz, Farrukh Azeem, Tayyaba Shaheen, Munazza Ijaz, Shazia Anwer Bukhari, Sher Aslam Khan, Freddy Mora-Poblete. Comparative Genomic Analysis of MYB Transcription Factors for Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis and Drought Stress Tolerance in Helianthus annuus L. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHafiz Muhammad Ahmad; Mahmood- Ur- Rahman; Sunny Ahmar; Sajid Fiaz; Farrukh Azeem; Tayyaba Shaheen; Munazza Ijaz; Shazia Anwer Bukhari; Sher Aslam Khan; Freddy Mora-Poblete. 2021. "Comparative Genomic Analysis of MYB Transcription Factors for Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis and Drought Stress Tolerance in Helianthus annuus L." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences , no. : 1.
Agriculture is an important source of human food. However, current agricultural practices need modernizing and strengthening to fulfill the increasing food requirements of the growing worldwide population. Genome editing (GE) technology has been used to produce plants with improved yields and nutritional value as well as with higher resilience to herbicides, insects, and diseases. Several GE tools have been developed recently, including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) with nucleases, a customizable and successful method. The main steps of the GE process involve introducing transgenes or CRISPR into plants via specific gene delivery systems. However, GE tools have certain limitations, including time-consuming and complicated protocols, potential tissue damage, DNA incorporation in the host genome, and low transformation efficiency. To overcome these issues, nanotechnology has emerged as a groundbreaking and modern technique. Nanoparticle-mediated gene delivery is superior to conventional biomolecular approaches because it enhances the transformation efficiency for both temporal (transient) and permanent (stable) genetic modifications in various plant species. However, with the discoveries of various advanced technologies, certain challenges in developing a short-term breeding strategy in plants remain. Thus, in this review, nanobased delivery systems and plant genetic engineering challenges are discussed in detail. Moreover, we have suggested an effective method to hasten crop improvement programs by combining current technologies, such as speed breeding and CRISPR/Cas, with nanotechnology. The overall aim of this review is to provide a detailed overview of nanotechnology-based CRISPR techniques for plant transformation and suggest applications for possible crop enhancement.
Sunny Ahmar; Tahir Mahmood; Sajid Fiaz; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Muhammad Sohaib Shafique; Muhammad Sohaib Chattha; Ki-Hung Jung. Advantage of Nanotechnology-Based Genome Editing System and Its Application in Crop Improvement. Frontiers in Plant Science 2021, 12, 1 .
AMA StyleSunny Ahmar, Tahir Mahmood, Sajid Fiaz, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Muhammad Sohaib Shafique, Muhammad Sohaib Chattha, Ki-Hung Jung. Advantage of Nanotechnology-Based Genome Editing System and Its Application in Crop Improvement. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2021; 12 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSunny Ahmar; Tahir Mahmood; Sajid Fiaz; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Muhammad Sohaib Shafique; Muhammad Sohaib Chattha; Ki-Hung Jung. 2021. "Advantage of Nanotechnology-Based Genome Editing System and Its Application in Crop Improvement." Frontiers in Plant Science 12, no. : 1.
A world with zero hunger is possible only through a sustainable increase in food production and distribution and the elimination of poverty. Scientific, logistical, and humanitarian approaches must be employed simultaneously to ensure food security, starting with farmers and breeders and extending to policy makers and governments. The current agricultural production system is facing the challenge of sustainably increasing grain quality and yield and enhancing resistance to biotic and abiotic stress under the intensifying pressure of climate change. Under present circumstances, conventional breeding techniques are not sufficient. Innovation in plant breeding is critical in managing agricultural challenges and achieving sustainable crop production. Novel plant breeding techniques, involving a series of developments from genome editing techniques to speed breeding and the integration of omics technology, offer relevant, versatile, cost-effective, and less time-consuming ways of achieving precision in plant breeding. Opportunities to edit agriculturally significant genes now exist as a result of new genome editing techniques. These range from random (physical and chemical mutagens) to non-random meganucleases (MegaN), zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated protein system 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), the CRISPR system from Prevotella and Francisella1 (Cpf1), base editing (BE), and prime editing (PE). Genome editing techniques that promote crop improvement through hybrid seed production, induced apomixis, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress are prioritized when selecting for genetic gain in a restricted timeframe. The novel CRISPR-associated protein system 9 variants, namely BE and PE, can generate transgene-free plants with more frequency and are therefore being used for knocking out of genes of interest. We provide a comprehensive review of the evolution of genome editing technologies, especially the application of the third-generation genome editing technologies to achieve various plant breeding objectives within the regulatory regimes adopted by various countries. Future development and the optimization of forward and reverse genetics to achieve food security are evaluated.
Sajid Fiaz; Sunny Ahmar; Sajjad Saeed; Aamir Riaz; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Ki-Hung Jung. Evolution and Application of Genome Editing Techniques for Achieving Food and Nutritional Security. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 5585 .
AMA StyleSajid Fiaz, Sunny Ahmar, Sajjad Saeed, Aamir Riaz, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Ki-Hung Jung. Evolution and Application of Genome Editing Techniques for Achieving Food and Nutritional Security. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (11):5585.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSajid Fiaz; Sunny Ahmar; Sajjad Saeed; Aamir Riaz; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Ki-Hung Jung. 2021. "Evolution and Application of Genome Editing Techniques for Achieving Food and Nutritional Security." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11: 5585.
The TIFY gene family, a key plant-specific transcription factor (TF) family, is involved in diverse biological processes including plant defense and growth regulation. Despite TIFY proteins being reported in some plant species, a genome-wide comparative and comprehensive analysis of TIFY genes in plant species can reveal more details. In the current study, the members of the TIFY gene family were significantly increased by the identification of 18 and six new members using maize and tomato reference genomes, respectively. Thus, a genome-wide comparative analysis of the TIFY gene family between 48 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, a dicot plant) genes and 26 maize (Zea mays, a monocot plant) genes was performed in terms of sequence structure, phylogenetics, expression, regulatory systems, and protein interaction. The identified TIFYs were clustered into four subfamilies, namely, TIFY-S, JAZ, ZML, and PPD. The PPD subfamily was only detected in tomato. Within the context of the biological process, TIFY family genes in both studied plant species are predicted to be involved in various important processes, such as reproduction, metabolic processes, responses to stresses, and cell signaling. The Ka/Ks ratios of the duplicated paralogous gene pairs indicate that all of the duplicated pairs in the TIFY gene family of tomato have been influenced by an intense purifying selection, whereas in the maize genome, there are three duplicated blocks containing Ka/Ks > 1, which are implicated in evolution with positive selection. The amino acid residues present in the active site pocket of TIFY proteins partially differ in each subfamily, although the Mg or Ca ions exist heterogeneously in the centers of the active sites of all the predicted TIFY protein models. Based on the expression profiles of TIFY genes in both plant species, JAZ subfamily proteins are more associated with the response to abiotic and biotic stresses than other subfamilies. In conclusion, globally scrutinizing and comparing the maize and tomato TIFY genes showed that TIFY genes play a critical role in cell reproduction, plant growth, and responses to stress conditions, and the conserved regulatory mechanisms may control their expression.
Parviz Heidari; Sahar Faraji; Mostafa Ahmadizadeh; Sunny Ahmar; Freddy Mora-Poblete. New Insights Into Structure and Function of TIFY Genes in Zea mays and Solanum lycopersicum: A Genome-Wide Comprehensive Analysis. Frontiers in Genetics 2021, 12, 1 .
AMA StyleParviz Heidari, Sahar Faraji, Mostafa Ahmadizadeh, Sunny Ahmar, Freddy Mora-Poblete. New Insights Into Structure and Function of TIFY Genes in Zea mays and Solanum lycopersicum: A Genome-Wide Comprehensive Analysis. Frontiers in Genetics. 2021; 12 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleParviz Heidari; Sahar Faraji; Mostafa Ahmadizadeh; Sunny Ahmar; Freddy Mora-Poblete. 2021. "New Insights Into Structure and Function of TIFY Genes in Zea mays and Solanum lycopersicum: A Genome-Wide Comprehensive Analysis." Frontiers in Genetics 12, no. : 1.
Given the known presence of SARS-Cov-2 in wastewater, stemming disease spread in global regions where untreated effluent in the environment is common will experience additional pressure. Though development and preliminary trials of a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 have been launched in several countries, rapid and effective alternative tools for the timely detection and remediation of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, especially in the developing countries, is of paramount importance. Here, we propose a promising, non-invasive technique for early prediction and targeted detection of SARS-CoV-2 to prevent current and future outbreaks. Thus, a combination of nanotechnology with wastewater-based epidemiology and artificial intelligence could be deployed for community-level wastewater virus detection and remediation.
Muhammad Adeel; Tahir Farooq; Noman Shakoor; Sunny Ahmar; Sajid Fiaz; Jason White; Jorge Gardea-Torresdey; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Yukui Rui. COVID-19 and Nanoscience in the Developing World: Rapid Detection and Remediation in Wastewater. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 991 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Adeel, Tahir Farooq, Noman Shakoor, Sunny Ahmar, Sajid Fiaz, Jason White, Jorge Gardea-Torresdey, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Yukui Rui. COVID-19 and Nanoscience in the Developing World: Rapid Detection and Remediation in Wastewater. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (4):991.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Adeel; Tahir Farooq; Noman Shakoor; Sunny Ahmar; Sajid Fiaz; Jason White; Jorge Gardea-Torresdey; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Yukui Rui. 2021. "COVID-19 and Nanoscience in the Developing World: Rapid Detection and Remediation in Wastewater." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4: 991.
Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient in the growth of reproductive plant parts. Its deficiency and/or toxicity are widespread in arid and semi-arid soils with low clay contents. This study was planned to determine the response of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L., non-leguminous crop) and cowpea (Vigna sinensis L., leguminous crop) to boron (0, 2, 4, and 16 µg g−1) on four distinct soil series from Punjab, Pakistan i.e., Udic Haplustalf (Pindorian region), Typic Torrifluvent (Shahdra region), Halic Camborthid (Khurianwala region), and Udic Haplustalf (Gujranwala region). Overall, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in yield between the sorghum (3.8 to 5.5 g pot−1 of 5 kg dry soil) and cowpea (0.2 to 3.2 g pot−1 of 5 kg dry soil) in response to B application. The highest yield was observed in both sorghum and cowpea either in control or at 2 µg g−1 B application in all four soils. Cowpea showed the same yield trend in all four soils (i.e., an increase in yield at 2 µg g−1 B application, followed by a significant decrease at the higher B levels). In contrast, sorghum exhibited greater variability of response on different soils; Udic Haplustalf (Pindorian region) produced the greatest yield at low levels of B application. However, Halic Camborthid produced its lowest yield at that level. Boron concentration in shoots increased with the levels of B application, particularly in sorghum. In cowpea, the plant growth was extremely retarded—and most of the plants died at higher levels of B application even if a lower concentration of B was measured within the shoot. Hot water-extractable B was the most available fraction for cowpea (R2 = 0.96), whereas the easily exchangeable B was most available for sorghum (R2 = 0.90). Overall, these results have implications for micronutrient uptake for both leguminous and non-leguminous crops.
Muhammad Javed; Zaffar Malik; Muhammad Kamran; Ghulam Abbasi; Asma Majeed; Muhammad Riaz; Muhammad Bukhari; Adnan Mustafa; Sunny Ahmar; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Muhammad Rafay; Syed Bukhari. Assessing Yield Response and Relationship of Soil Boron Fractions with Its Accumulation in Sorghum and Cowpea under Boron Fertilization in Different Soil Series. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4192 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Javed, Zaffar Malik, Muhammad Kamran, Ghulam Abbasi, Asma Majeed, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Bukhari, Adnan Mustafa, Sunny Ahmar, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Muhammad Rafay, Syed Bukhari. Assessing Yield Response and Relationship of Soil Boron Fractions with Its Accumulation in Sorghum and Cowpea under Boron Fertilization in Different Soil Series. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4192.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Javed; Zaffar Malik; Muhammad Kamran; Ghulam Abbasi; Asma Majeed; Muhammad Riaz; Muhammad Bukhari; Adnan Mustafa; Sunny Ahmar; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Muhammad Rafay; Syed Bukhari. 2021. "Assessing Yield Response and Relationship of Soil Boron Fractions with Its Accumulation in Sorghum and Cowpea under Boron Fertilization in Different Soil Series." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4192.
Keeping in view the yield losses instigated by heat stress in several crops, we carried out an experiment to explore the curative effect of exogenous applications of proline on the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and water-related attributes of okra genotypes under high-temperature stress (controlled conditions). Four contrasting genotypes C1, C2, C3, and C4 heat tolerant and heat sensitive genotypes were selected from a diverse panel of okra genotypes (n = 100) to examine plant responses to high-temperature stress and exogenous application of proline. Four-week-old seedlings were subjected to heat stress by gradually increasing the temperature of a growth chamber from 28/22 °C to 45/35 °C (day/night) and sprayed with an optimized proline concentration 2.5 mM. The experiment consisted of a factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design. The results showed that there were maximum increases in shoot length (32.7%), root length (58.9%), and shoot fresh (85.7%). The quantities of leaves per plant were increased by 52.9%, 123.6%, 82.5%, and 62.2% in C1, C2, C3, and C4 after proline application. On the other hand, only root fresh weight decreased in all genotypes after proline application by 23.1%, 20%, 266.7%, and 280.8% (C1, C2, C3, C4). A lower leaf temperature of 27.72 °C, minimum transpiration of 3.29 mmol m−2 s−1, maximum photosynthesis of 3.91 μmol m−2 s−1, and a maximum water use efficiency of 1.20 μmol CO2 mmol H2O were recorded in the genotypes C2, C1, C3, and C4, respectively. The highest enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were 14.88, 0.31, and 0.15 U mg-protein in C2, C1, and C3, respectively. Maximum leaf proline, glycinebetaine, total free amino acids, and chlorophyll content 3.46 mg g−1, 4.02 mg g−1, 3.46 mg g−1, and 46.89 (in C2), respectively, due to foliar applications of proline. Another important finding was that heat tolerance in okra was highly linked highly linked to genotypes’ genetic potential, having more water use efficiency, enzymatic activities, and physio-biochemical attributes under the foliar applications of proline.
Rashid Hussain; Choudhary Ayyub; Muhammad Shaheen; Sahar Rashid; Muhammad Nafees; Saif Ali; Madiha Butt; Mujahid Ali; Ambreen Maqsood; Sajid Fiaz; Sunny Ahmar; Tahir Mahmood; Freddy Mora-Poblete. Regulation of Osmotic Balance and Increased Antioxidant Activities under Heat Stress in Abelmoschus esculentus L. Triggered by Exogenous Proline Application. Agronomy 2021, 11, 685 .
AMA StyleRashid Hussain, Choudhary Ayyub, Muhammad Shaheen, Sahar Rashid, Muhammad Nafees, Saif Ali, Madiha Butt, Mujahid Ali, Ambreen Maqsood, Sajid Fiaz, Sunny Ahmar, Tahir Mahmood, Freddy Mora-Poblete. Regulation of Osmotic Balance and Increased Antioxidant Activities under Heat Stress in Abelmoschus esculentus L. Triggered by Exogenous Proline Application. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (4):685.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRashid Hussain; Choudhary Ayyub; Muhammad Shaheen; Sahar Rashid; Muhammad Nafees; Saif Ali; Madiha Butt; Mujahid Ali; Ambreen Maqsood; Sajid Fiaz; Sunny Ahmar; Tahir Mahmood; Freddy Mora-Poblete. 2021. "Regulation of Osmotic Balance and Increased Antioxidant Activities under Heat Stress in Abelmoschus esculentus L. Triggered by Exogenous Proline Application." Agronomy 11, no. 4: 685.
Soil salinity is one of the most limiting stresses for crop productivity and quality worldwide. In this sense, jasmonates (JAs) have emerged as phytohormones that play essential roles in mediating plant response to abiotic stresses, including salt stress. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms underlying the activation and response of the JA-biosynthesis and JA-signaling pathways under saline conditions in Arabidopsis and several crops. In this sense, molecular components of JA-signaling such as MYC2 transcription factor and JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) repressors are key players for the JA-associated response. Moreover, we review the antagonist and synergistic effects between JA and other hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA). From an applied point of view, several reports have shown that exogenous JA applications increase the antioxidant response in plants to alleviate salt stress. Finally, we discuss the latest advances in genomic techniques for the improvement of crop tolerance to salt stress with a focus on jasmonates.
Celia Delgado; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Sunny Ahmar; Jen-Tsung Chen; Carlos Figueroa. Jasmonates and Plant Salt Stress: Molecular Players, Physiological Effects, and Improving Tolerance by Using Genome-Associated Tools. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 3082 .
AMA StyleCelia Delgado, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Sunny Ahmar, Jen-Tsung Chen, Carlos Figueroa. Jasmonates and Plant Salt Stress: Molecular Players, Physiological Effects, and Improving Tolerance by Using Genome-Associated Tools. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (6):3082.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCelia Delgado; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Sunny Ahmar; Jen-Tsung Chen; Carlos Figueroa. 2021. "Jasmonates and Plant Salt Stress: Molecular Players, Physiological Effects, and Improving Tolerance by Using Genome-Associated Tools." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6: 3082.
Natural variation of cyanogenic glycosides, soluble sugars, proline, and nondestructive optical sensing of pigments (chlorophyll, flavonols, and anthocyanins) was examined in ex situ natural populations of Eucalyptus cladocalyx F. Muell. grown under dry environmental conditions in the southern Atacama Desert, Chile. After 18 consecutive dry seasons, considerable plant‐to‐plant phenotypic variation for all the traits was observed in the field. For example, leaf hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentrations varied from 0 (two acyanogenic individuals) to 1.54 mg cyanide g−1 DW. Subsequent genome‐wide association study revealed associations with several genes with a known function in plants. HCN content was associated robustly with genes encoding Cytochrome P450 proteins, and with genes involved in the detoxification mechanism of HCN in cells (β‐cyanoalanine synthase and cyanoalanine nitrilase). Another important finding was that sugars, proline, and pigment content were linked to genes involved in transport, biosynthesis, and/or catabolism. Estimates of genomic heritability (based on haplotypes) ranged between 0.46 and 0.84 (HCN and proline content, respectively). Proline and soluble sugars had the highest predictive ability of genomic prediction models (PA = 0.65 and PA = 0.71, respectively). PA values for HCN content and flavonols were relatively moderate, with estimates ranging from 0.44 to 0.50. These findings provide new understanding on the genetic architecture of cyanogenic capacity, and other key complex traits in cyanogenic E. cladocalyx.
Freddy Mora‐Poblete; Paulina Ballesta; Gustavo A. Lobos; Marco Molina‐Montenegro; Roslyn Gleadow; Sunny Ahmar; Felipe Jiménez‐Aspee. Genome‐wide association study of cyanogenic glycosides, proline, sugars, and pigments in Eucalyptus cladocalyx after 18 consecutive dry summers. Physiologia Plantarum 2021, 172, 1550 -1569.
AMA StyleFreddy Mora‐Poblete, Paulina Ballesta, Gustavo A. Lobos, Marco Molina‐Montenegro, Roslyn Gleadow, Sunny Ahmar, Felipe Jiménez‐Aspee. Genome‐wide association study of cyanogenic glycosides, proline, sugars, and pigments in Eucalyptus cladocalyx after 18 consecutive dry summers. Physiologia Plantarum. 2021; 172 (3):1550-1569.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFreddy Mora‐Poblete; Paulina Ballesta; Gustavo A. Lobos; Marco Molina‐Montenegro; Roslyn Gleadow; Sunny Ahmar; Felipe Jiménez‐Aspee. 2021. "Genome‐wide association study of cyanogenic glycosides, proline, sugars, and pigments in Eucalyptus cladocalyx after 18 consecutive dry summers." Physiologia Plantarum 172, no. 3: 1550-1569.
Plant diseases significantly impact the global economy, and plant pathogenic microorganisms such as nematodes, viruses, bacteria, fungi, and viroids may be the etiology for most infectious diseases. In agriculture, the development of disease-free plants is an important strategy for the determination of the survival and productivity of plants in the field. This article reviews biosensor methods of disease detection that have been used effectively in other fields, and these methods could possibly transform the production methods of the agricultural industry. The precise identification of plant pathogens assists in the assessment of effective management steps for minimization of production loss. The new plant pathogen detection methods include evaluation of signs of disease, detection of cultured organisms, or direct examination of contaminated tissues through molecular and serological techniques. Laboratory-based approaches are costly and time-consuming and require specialized skills. The conclusions of this review also indicate that there is an urgent need for the establishment of a reliable, fast, accurate, responsive, and cost-effective testing method for the detection of field plants at early stages of growth. We also summarized new emerging biosensor technologies, including isothermal amplification, detection of nanomaterials, paper-based techniques, robotics, and lab-on-a-chip analytical devices. However, these constitute novelty in the research and development of approaches for the early diagnosis of pathogens in sustainable agriculture.
Qurban Ali; Sunny Ahmar; Muhammad Aamir Sohail; Muhammad Kamran; Mohsin Ali; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Muhammad Rizwan; Agha Mushtaque Ahmed; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Antônio Teixeira Do Amaral Júnior; Mustansar Mubeen; Shafaqat Ali. Research advances and applications of biosensing technology for the diagnosis of pathogens in sustainable agriculture. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 28, 9002 -9019.
AMA StyleQurban Ali, Sunny Ahmar, Muhammad Aamir Sohail, Muhammad Kamran, Mohsin Ali, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Muhammad Rizwan, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Antônio Teixeira Do Amaral Júnior, Mustansar Mubeen, Shafaqat Ali. Research advances and applications of biosensing technology for the diagnosis of pathogens in sustainable agriculture. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; 28 (8):9002-9019.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQurban Ali; Sunny Ahmar; Muhammad Aamir Sohail; Muhammad Kamran; Mohsin Ali; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Muhammad Rizwan; Agha Mushtaque Ahmed; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Antônio Teixeira Do Amaral Júnior; Mustansar Mubeen; Shafaqat Ali. 2021. "Research advances and applications of biosensing technology for the diagnosis of pathogens in sustainable agriculture." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 8: 9002-9019.
The agricultural and forestry productivity of Mediterranean ecosystems is strongly threatened by the adverse effects of climate change, including an increase in severe droughts and changes in rainfall distribution. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotype blocks associated with the growth and wood quality of Eucalyptus cladocalyx, a tree species suitable for low-rainfall sites. The study was conducted in a progeny-provenance trial established in an arid site with Mediterranean patterns located in the southern Atacama Desert, Chile. A total of 87 SNPs and 3 haplotype blocks were significantly associated with the 6 traits under study (tree height, diameter at breast height, slenderness coefficient, first bifurcation height, stem straightness, and pilodyn penetration). In addition, 11 loci were identified as pleiotropic through Bayesian multivariate regression and were mainly associated with wood hardness, height, and diameter. In general, the GWAS revealed associations with genes related to primary metabolism and biosynthesis of cell wall components. Additionally, associations coinciding with stress response genes, such as GEM-related 5 and prohibitin-3, were detected. The findings of this study provide valuable information regarding genetic control of morphological traits related to adaptation to arid environments.
Camilo E. Valenzuela; Paulina Ballesta; Sunny Ahmar; Sajid Fiaz; Parviz Heidari; Carlos Maldonado; Freddy Mora-Poblete. Haplotype- and SNP-Based GWAS for Growth and Wood Quality Traits in Eucalyptus cladocalyx Trees under Arid Conditions. Plants 2021, 10, 148 .
AMA StyleCamilo E. Valenzuela, Paulina Ballesta, Sunny Ahmar, Sajid Fiaz, Parviz Heidari, Carlos Maldonado, Freddy Mora-Poblete. Haplotype- and SNP-Based GWAS for Growth and Wood Quality Traits in Eucalyptus cladocalyx Trees under Arid Conditions. Plants. 2021; 10 (1):148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCamilo E. Valenzuela; Paulina Ballesta; Sunny Ahmar; Sajid Fiaz; Parviz Heidari; Carlos Maldonado; Freddy Mora-Poblete. 2021. "Haplotype- and SNP-Based GWAS for Growth and Wood Quality Traits in Eucalyptus cladocalyx Trees under Arid Conditions." Plants 10, no. 1: 148.
The evaluation of root system architecture (RSA) development and the physiological responses of crop plants grown under water-limited conditions are of great importance. The purpose of this study was to examine the short-term variation of the morphological and physiological plasticity of Lagenaria siceraria genotypes under water deficit, evaluating the changes in the relationship between the root system architecture and leaf physiological responses. Bottle gourd genotypes were grown in rhizoboxes under well-watered and water deficit conditions. Significant genotype-water regime interactions were observed for several RSA traits and physiological parameters. Biplot analyses confirmed that the drought-tolerant genotypes (BG-48 and GC) showed a high net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates with a smaller length, and a reduced root length density of second-order lateral roots, whereas the genotypes BG-67 and Osorno were identified as drought-sensitive and showed greater values for average root length and the density of second-order lateral roots. Consequently, a reduced length and density of lateral roots in bottle gourd should constitute a response to water deficit. The root traits studied here can be used to evaluate bottle gourd performance under novel water management strategies and as criteria for breeding selection.
Dinoclaudio Zacarias Rafael; Osvin Arriagada; Guillermo Toro; Jacob Mashilo; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Rodrigo Iván Contreras-Soto. Plasticity of the Root System Architecture and Leaf Gas Exchange Parameters Are Important for Maintaining Bottle Gourd Responses under Water Deficit. Plants 2020, 9, 1697 .
AMA StyleDinoclaudio Zacarias Rafael, Osvin Arriagada, Guillermo Toro, Jacob Mashilo, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Rodrigo Iván Contreras-Soto. Plasticity of the Root System Architecture and Leaf Gas Exchange Parameters Are Important for Maintaining Bottle Gourd Responses under Water Deficit. Plants. 2020; 9 (12):1697.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDinoclaudio Zacarias Rafael; Osvin Arriagada; Guillermo Toro; Jacob Mashilo; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Rodrigo Iván Contreras-Soto. 2020. "Plasticity of the Root System Architecture and Leaf Gas Exchange Parameters Are Important for Maintaining Bottle Gourd Responses under Water Deficit." Plants 9, no. 12: 1697.
Genomic selection models were investigated to predict several complex traits in breeding populations ofZea maysL. andEucalyptus globulusLabill. For this, the following methods of Machine Learning (ML) were implemented: (i) Deep Learning (DL) and (ii) Bayesian Regularized Neural Network (BRNN) both in combination with different hyperparameters. These ML methods were also compared with Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) and different Bayesian regression models [Bayes A, Bayes B, Bayes Cπ, Bayesian Ridge Regression, Bayesian LASSO, and Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS)]. DL models, using Rectified Linear Units (as the activation function), had higher predictive ability values, which varied from 0.27 (pilodyn penetration of 6 years old eucalypt trees) to 0.78 (flowering-related traits of maize). Moreover, the larger mini-batch size (100%) had a significantly higher predictive ability for wood-related traits than the smaller mini-batch size (10%). On the other hand, in the BRNN method, the architectures of one and two layers that used only the pureline function showed better results of prediction, with values ranging from 0.21 (pilodyn penetration) to 0.71 (flowering traits). A significant increase in the prediction ability was observed for DL in comparison with other methods of genomic prediction (Bayesian alphabet models, GBLUP, RKHS, and BRNN). Another important finding was the usefulness of DL models (through an iterative algorithm) as an SNP detection strategy for genome-wide association studies. The results of this study confirm the importance of DL for genome-wide analyses and crop/tree improvement strategies, which holds promise for accelerating breeding progress.
Carlos Maldonado; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Rodrigo Iván Contreras-Soto; Sunny Ahmar; Jen-Tsung Chen; Antônio Teixeira Do Amaral Júnior; Carlos Alberto Scapim. Genome-Wide Prediction of Complex Traits in Two Outcrossing Plant Species Through Deep Learning and Bayesian Regularized Neural Network. Frontiers in Plant Science 2020, 11, 1 .
AMA StyleCarlos Maldonado, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Rodrigo Iván Contreras-Soto, Sunny Ahmar, Jen-Tsung Chen, Antônio Teixeira Do Amaral Júnior, Carlos Alberto Scapim. Genome-Wide Prediction of Complex Traits in Two Outcrossing Plant Species Through Deep Learning and Bayesian Regularized Neural Network. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2020; 11 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Maldonado; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Rodrigo Iván Contreras-Soto; Sunny Ahmar; Jen-Tsung Chen; Antônio Teixeira Do Amaral Júnior; Carlos Alberto Scapim. 2020. "Genome-Wide Prediction of Complex Traits in Two Outcrossing Plant Species Through Deep Learning and Bayesian Regularized Neural Network." Frontiers in Plant Science 11, no. : 1.
Analysis of population genetic variation and structure is a common practice for genome-wide studies, including association mapping, ecology, and evolution studies in several crop species. In this study, machine learning (ML) clustering methods, K-means (KM), and hierarchical clustering (HC), in combination with non-linear and linear dimensionality reduction techniques, deep autoencoder (DeepAE) and principal component analysis (PCA), were used to infer population structure and individual assignment of maize inbred lines, i.e., dent field corn (n = 97) and popcorn (n = 86). The results revealed that the HC method in combination with DeepAE-based data preprocessing (DeepAE-HC) was the most effective method to assign individuals to clusters (with 96% of correct individual assignments), whereas DeepAE-KM, PCA-HC, and PCA-KM were assigned correctly 92, 89, and 81% of the lines, respectively. These findings were consistent with both Silhouette Coefficient (SC) and Davies–Bouldin validation indexes. Notably, DeepAE-HC also had better accuracy than the Bayesian clustering method implemented in InStruct. The results of this study showed that deep learning (DL)-based dimensional reduction combined with ML clustering methods is a useful tool to determine genetically differentiated groups and to assign individuals into subpopulations in genome-wide studies without having to consider previous genetic assumptions.
Xaviera Alejandra López-Cortés; Felipe Matamala; Carlos Maldonado; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Carlos Alberto Scapim. A Deep Learning Approach to Population Structure Inference in Inbred Lines of Maize. Frontiers in Genetics 2020, 11, 1 .
AMA StyleXaviera Alejandra López-Cortés, Felipe Matamala, Carlos Maldonado, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Carlos Alberto Scapim. A Deep Learning Approach to Population Structure Inference in Inbred Lines of Maize. Frontiers in Genetics. 2020; 11 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXaviera Alejandra López-Cortés; Felipe Matamala; Carlos Maldonado; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Carlos Alberto Scapim. 2020. "A Deep Learning Approach to Population Structure Inference in Inbred Lines of Maize." Frontiers in Genetics 11, no. : 1.
Recently, melatonin has gained significant importance in plant research. The presence of melatonin in the plant kingdom has been known since 1995. It is a molecule that is conserved in a wide array of evolutionary distant organisms. Its functions and characteristics have been found to be similar in both plants and animals. The review focuses on the role of melatonin pertaining to physiological functions in higher plants. Melatonin regulates physiological functions regarding auxin activity, root, shoot, and explant growth, activates germination of seeds, promotes rhizogenesis (growth of adventitious and lateral roots), and holds up impelled leaf senescence. Melatonin is a natural bio‐stimulant that creates resistance in field crops against various abiotic stress, including heat, chemical pollutants, cold, drought, salinity, and harmful ultra‐violet radiation. The full potential of melatonin in regulating physiological functions in higher plants still needs to be explored by further research.
Muhammad Ahsan Altaf; Rabia Shahid; Ming‐Xun Ren; Freddy Mora‐Poblete; Marino B. Arnao; Safina Naz; Muhammad Anwar; Sidra Shahid; Awais Shakoor; Hamza Sohail; Sunny Ahmar; Muhammad Kamran; Jen‐Tsung Chen. Phytomelatonin: An overview of the importance and mediating functions of melatonin against environmental stresses. Physiologia Plantarum 2020, 172, 820 -846.
AMA StyleMuhammad Ahsan Altaf, Rabia Shahid, Ming‐Xun Ren, Freddy Mora‐Poblete, Marino B. Arnao, Safina Naz, Muhammad Anwar, Sidra Shahid, Awais Shakoor, Hamza Sohail, Sunny Ahmar, Muhammad Kamran, Jen‐Tsung Chen. Phytomelatonin: An overview of the importance and mediating functions of melatonin against environmental stresses. Physiologia Plantarum. 2020; 172 (2):820-846.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Ahsan Altaf; Rabia Shahid; Ming‐Xun Ren; Freddy Mora‐Poblete; Marino B. Arnao; Safina Naz; Muhammad Anwar; Sidra Shahid; Awais Shakoor; Hamza Sohail; Sunny Ahmar; Muhammad Kamran; Jen‐Tsung Chen. 2020. "Phytomelatonin: An overview of the importance and mediating functions of melatonin against environmental stresses." Physiologia Plantarum 172, no. 2: 820-846.
Interrogations of local germplasm and landraces can offer a foundation and genetic basis for drought tolerance in wheat. Potential of drought tolerance in a panel of 30 wheat genotypes including varieties, local landraces, and wild crosses were explored under drought stress (DS) and well-watered (WW) conditions. Considerable variation for an osmotic adjustment (OA) and yield components, coupled with genotype and environment interaction was observed, which indicates the differential potential of wheat genotypes under both conditions. Reduction in yield per plant (YP), thousand kernel weight (TKW), and induction of OA was detected. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive association of YP with directly contributing yield components under both environments, indicating the impotence of these traits as a selection-criteria for the screening of drought-tolerant genotypes for drylands worldwide. Subsequently, the association of OA with TKW which contributes directly to YP, indicates that wheat attains OA to extract more water from the soil under low water-potential. Genotypes including WC-4, WC-8 and LLR-29 showed more TKW under both conditions, among them; LLR-29 also has maximum OA and batter yield comparatively. Result provides insight into the role of OA in plant yield sustainability under DS. In this study, we figure out the concept of OA and its incredible role in sustainable plant yield in wheat.
Tahir Mehmood; Muhammad Abdullah; Sunny Ahmar; Muhammad Yasir; Muhammad Iqbal; Muhmmad Yasir; Shoaib Rehman; Sulaiman Ahmed; Rashid Rana; Abdul Ghafoor; Muhammad Shah; Xiongming Du; Freddy Mora-Poblete. Incredible Role of Osmotic Adjustment in Grain Yield Sustainability under Water Scarcity Conditions in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plants 2020, 9, 1208 .
AMA StyleTahir Mehmood, Muhammad Abdullah, Sunny Ahmar, Muhammad Yasir, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhmmad Yasir, Shoaib Rehman, Sulaiman Ahmed, Rashid Rana, Abdul Ghafoor, Muhammad Shah, Xiongming Du, Freddy Mora-Poblete. Incredible Role of Osmotic Adjustment in Grain Yield Sustainability under Water Scarcity Conditions in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plants. 2020; 9 (9):1208.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTahir Mehmood; Muhammad Abdullah; Sunny Ahmar; Muhammad Yasir; Muhammad Iqbal; Muhmmad Yasir; Shoaib Rehman; Sulaiman Ahmed; Rashid Rana; Abdul Ghafoor; Muhammad Shah; Xiongming Du; Freddy Mora-Poblete. 2020. "Incredible Role of Osmotic Adjustment in Grain Yield Sustainability under Water Scarcity Conditions in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Plants 9, no. 9: 1208.