Internet of Vehicles have attracted a lot of attention in the automotive industry and academia recently. We are witnessing rapid advances in vehicular technologies which comprise many components such as On-Board Units (OBUs) and sensors. These sensors generate a large amount of data, which can be used to inform and facilitate decision making (for example, navigating through traffic and obstacles). One particular focus is for automotive manufacturers to enhance the communication capability of vehicles to extend their sensing range. However, existing short range wireless access, such as Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC), and cellular communication, such as 4G, are not capable of supporting the high volume data generated by different fully connected vehicular settings. Millimeter-Wave (mmWave) technology can potentially provide terabit data transfer rates among vehicles. Therefore, we present an in-depth survey of existing research, published in the last decade, and we describe the applications of mmWave communications in vehicular communications. In particular, we focus on MAC and physical layers and discuss related issues such as sensing-aware MAC protocol, handover algorithms, link blockage, and beamwidth size adaptation. Finally, we highlight various aspects related to smart transportation applications, and we discuss future research directions and limitations.

In the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), vehicles communicate wirelessly with other vehicles, sensors, pedestrians, and roadside units. IoV is aimed at improving road safety, driving comfort, and traffic efficiency. However, IoV is exposed to a range of threats to security and privacy. The presence of dishonest and misbehaving peers in the system is of a major concern, which may put lives in danger. Thus, establishing trust among these probable untrusted vehicles is one of the most significant challenges of such a network. The critical pitfalls of existing and traditional mechanisms are scalability, a single point of failure, maintaining the quality of service, verification, and revocation and dealing with sparsity, consistency, availability, efficiency, robustness, privacy concerns are some of the biggest challenges to be addressed. Blockchain technology, with its great success in applications like cryptocurrencies and smart contracts, is considered as one of the potential candidates to build trust in IoV. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based decentralized trust management scheme using smart contracts. Specifically, we introduce the concept of blockchain sharding for reducing the load on the main blockchain and increasing the transaction throughput. Our proposal has two key contributions: blockchain to maintain and update reliable and consistent trust values across the network and incentive scheme to encourage peers to perform well. We also conduct extensive experiments, which demonstrate the implementation feasibility of proposed mechanisms in the real world.

The Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations prioritize sustainability by 2030. The fashion industry is one most substantial manufacturing industries that generate an economy of 3 trillion dollars and contributes to 2% of the world’s gross domestic product. In addition to this, the fashion industry must focus on social and environmental concerns, where it should create fashionable products to promote sustainable consumption and production. Sustainable consumption and production can be achieved with the establishment of resilient infrastructure with innovation. The resilient infrastructure with innovation is realized by the integration of digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR). With this motivation, this study explored the different studies that implemented these technologies in the fashion industry for smart cloth (health), supply chain, circular economy, dress recommendation system, fashion trend forecasting, health prediction, and virtual and augmented based shopping experience. Along with the progress of these technologies in the fashion industry, the study also discussed limitations and provided recommendations such as wide adoption of blockchain in fashion supply chain; advancement in energy storage for smart cloth; integration of IoT, AI, and edge computing; and smart clothing-based framework for rescue operation for future enhancement.