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Reliable analysis of the flooding process and motion responses onboard a damaged ship is extremely significant for assessing the remaining survivability and improving the damage stability. This study implemented the Unsteady Reynold-Average Navier–Stokes (URANS) solver to monitor the three degrees of freedom (DOF) motion, investigating the effect of symmetric and asymmetric flooding on the damage stability. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was applied to visualize the flooding process and capture the complex hydrodynamics behavior. Additionally, basic governing equations of fluid flow and free motion are detailed. The simulation results show that in the same damage condition, the transverse asymmetric flooding results in a larger heel angle. However, for the pitch and heave motion, there are small differences between the symmetric flooding and asymmetric flooding. Therefore, if the damaged ship is predicted to keep afloat, the transverse symmetric flooding should be guaranteed as much possible. In this case, the flooding water can flow from the damaged side to the intact side. Consequently, the damaged ship can maintain a relatively stable floating state, decreasing the risk of capsizing due to the excessive heel angle. Finally, all the numerical simulation cases are performed on the commercial software CD Adapco STAR-CCM+.
Xinlong Zhang; Zhuang Lin; Ping Li; Dengke Liu; Ze Li; Zhanwei Pang; Meiqi Wang. A numerical investigation on the effect of symmetric and asymmetric flooding on the damage stability of a ship. Journal of Marine Science and Technology 2020, 25, 1151 -1165.
AMA StyleXinlong Zhang, Zhuang Lin, Ping Li, Dengke Liu, Ze Li, Zhanwei Pang, Meiqi Wang. A numerical investigation on the effect of symmetric and asymmetric flooding on the damage stability of a ship. Journal of Marine Science and Technology. 2020; 25 (4):1151-1165.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXinlong Zhang; Zhuang Lin; Ping Li; Dengke Liu; Ze Li; Zhanwei Pang; Meiqi Wang. 2020. "A numerical investigation on the effect of symmetric and asymmetric flooding on the damage stability of a ship." Journal of Marine Science and Technology 25, no. 4: 1151-1165.
Damage stability is difficult to assess due to the complex hydrodynamic phenomena regarding interactions between fluid and structures. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the flooding progression and motion responses is important for improving ship safety. In this paper, numerical simulations are performed on the damaged DTMB 5415 ship at zero speed. All calculation are carried out using CD Adapco Star CCM + software, investigating the effect of damage openings on ship hydrodynamics, including the side damage and the bottom damage. The computational domain is modelled by the overset mesh and solved using the unsteady Reynold-average Navier-Stokes (URANS) solver. An implicit solver is used to find the field of all hydrodynamics unknown quantities, in conjunction with an iterative solver to solve each time step. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is applied to visualize the flooding process and capture the complex hydrodynamics behaviors. The simulation results indicated that two damage locations produce the characteristic flooding processes, and the motion responses corresponding to the hydrodynamic behaviors are different. Through comparative analysis, due to the difference between the horizontal impact on the longitudinal bulkhead and the vertical impact on the bottom plate, the bottom damage scenario always has a larger heel angle than the side damage scenario in the same period. However, the pitch motions are basically consistent. Generally, the visualization of the flooding process is efficient to explain the causes of the motion responses. Also, when the damage occurs, regardless of the bottom damage or the side damage, the excessive heel angle due to asymmetric flooding is often a threat to ship survivability with respect to the pitch angle.
Xinlong Zhang; Zhuang Lin; Simone Mancini; Ping Li; Dengke Liu; Fei Liu; Zhanwei Pang. Numerical Investigation into the Effect of Damage Openings on Ship Hydrodynamics by the Overset Mesh Technique. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2019, 8, 11 .
AMA StyleXinlong Zhang, Zhuang Lin, Simone Mancini, Ping Li, Dengke Liu, Fei Liu, Zhanwei Pang. Numerical Investigation into the Effect of Damage Openings on Ship Hydrodynamics by the Overset Mesh Technique. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2019; 8 (1):11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXinlong Zhang; Zhuang Lin; Simone Mancini; Ping Li; Dengke Liu; Fei Liu; Zhanwei Pang. 2019. "Numerical Investigation into the Effect of Damage Openings on Ship Hydrodynamics by the Overset Mesh Technique." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 1: 11.
This article discusses the scale effects on a planing boat, utilizing the computational fluid dynamics method. The simulation is compared with a tank test for verification and validation. The planing boat sails use both aerodynamics and hydrodynamics. Studying the performances and wave patterns of different dimensions of the models is the best way to investigate the scale effect without using experimental data. The resistance is discussed in two parts, namely residuary resistance and friction resistance, and is compared to the calculated data using the international towing tank conference (ITTC) formula. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations of the model are increased by 4.77% on average, and the boat computations are also increased by 3.57%. The computation shows the scale effect in detail. The residuary resistance coefficients at different scales are approximately equal, and the friction resistance coefficients show the scale effect. The scale effect for longitudinal steadiness is also captured for the period of the porpoising behavior. The rational for the full-scaled boat oscillation period and the model is the root of the scales.
Lei Du; Zhuang Lin; Yi Jiang; Ping Li; Yue Dong. Numerical Investigation on the Scale Effect of a Stepped Planing Hull. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2019, 7, 392 .
AMA StyleLei Du, Zhuang Lin, Yi Jiang, Ping Li, Yue Dong. Numerical Investigation on the Scale Effect of a Stepped Planing Hull. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2019; 7 (11):392.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei Du; Zhuang Lin; Yi Jiang; Ping Li; Yue Dong. 2019. "Numerical Investigation on the Scale Effect of a Stepped Planing Hull." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 11: 392.
A detailed description of the flooding process is crucial to analyze the complex hydrodynamic behaviors and enhance the survivability of the damaged ship. In this paper, through establishing three typical damage scenarios with various locations, the commercial software CD Adapco STAR-CCM+ based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver is applied to simulate the flooding process involving multiple compartments. The basic computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models and specific simulation settings are elaborated. The volume of fluid (VOF) method combined with the user defined field function is developed to distribute the initial free surface. The captured flooding process indicates that the air compression due to the restricted ventilation decreases the flooding amount. The obtained flooding time can provide necessary data to support for appropriate rescue management and evacuation options.
Xinlong Zhang; Zhuang Lin; Simone Mancini; Ping Li; Ze Li; Fei Liu. A Numerical Investigation on the Flooding Process of Multiple Compartments Based on the Volume of Fluid Method. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2019, 7, 211 .
AMA StyleXinlong Zhang, Zhuang Lin, Simone Mancini, Ping Li, Ze Li, Fei Liu. A Numerical Investigation on the Flooding Process of Multiple Compartments Based on the Volume of Fluid Method. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2019; 7 (7):211.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXinlong Zhang; Zhuang Lin; Simone Mancini; Ping Li; Ze Li; Fei Liu. 2019. "A Numerical Investigation on the Flooding Process of Multiple Compartments Based on the Volume of Fluid Method." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 7: 211.
The partial air cushion supported catamaran (PACSCAT) is a novel Surface Effect Ship (SES) and possesses distinctive resistance performance due to the presence of planing bottom. In this paper, the design of PACSCAT and air cushion system are described in detail. Model tests were carried out for Froude numbers ranging from 0.1 to 1.11, the focus is on the influence of air cushion system on resistance characteristics. Drag-reducing effect of air cushion system was proved by means of contrast tests in cuhionborne and non-cushionborne mode. Wave-making characteristics reflect that the PACSCAT would eventually enter planing regime, in which the air could just escape under the seals and the hull body could operate in a steady state. To acquire different air cushion pressure, air flow rate and leakage height were adjusted during tests. Experimental results show that the resistance performance in planing regime would decrease evidently as the increased air flow rate, however, the scheme with medium leakage height presents the best resistance performance in the hump region.
Jinglei Yang; Zhuang Lin; Ping Li; Zhiqun Guo; Hanbing Sun; Dongmei Yang. Experimental investigations on the resistance performance of a high-speed partial air cushion supported catamaran. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering 2019, 12, 38 -47.
AMA StyleJinglei Yang, Zhuang Lin, Ping Li, Zhiqun Guo, Hanbing Sun, Dongmei Yang. Experimental investigations on the resistance performance of a high-speed partial air cushion supported catamaran. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering. 2019; 12 ():38-47.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinglei Yang; Zhuang Lin; Ping Li; Zhiqun Guo; Hanbing Sun; Dongmei Yang. 2019. "Experimental investigations on the resistance performance of a high-speed partial air cushion supported catamaran." International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering 12, no. : 38-47.
An accurate analysis of the entire flooding process is critical to assess the damaged stability when a ship encounters distressed accidents such as collision, stranding, or grounding. Among many factors affecting the flooding process and damaged stability, the complex effect of air compression is significant and worthy of further research. In this paper, through establishing scenarios of the damage flooding for a cruise ship, the commercial software CD Adapco STARCCM+ is applied to perform time domain simulation of flooding processes under different ventilation levels. The basic mathematical models about air compression and specific simulation settings of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are presented in detail. The simulation results show that water ingression results in an increase of air pressure and density inside the flooded compartment. The corresponding air compression can significantly delay the flooding process if the ventilation level is limited to a certain ratio. Finally, the stability of the damaged ship is affected.
Xinlong Zhang; Zhuang Lin; Ping Li; Yue Dong; Fei Liu. Time Domain Simulation of Damage Flooding Considering Air Compression Characteristics. Water 2019, 11, 796 .
AMA StyleXinlong Zhang, Zhuang Lin, Ping Li, Yue Dong, Fei Liu. Time Domain Simulation of Damage Flooding Considering Air Compression Characteristics. Water. 2019; 11 (4):796.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXinlong Zhang; Zhuang Lin; Ping Li; Yue Dong; Fei Liu. 2019. "Time Domain Simulation of Damage Flooding Considering Air Compression Characteristics." Water 11, no. 4: 796.
In actual evacuations, passengers should collect their life jackets before moving toward assembly stations. Passengers who do not wear life jackets must return to their cabins to collect their life jackets, as this equipment is usually stocked in individual cabins. However, current studies ignore the behavior of collection and donning of life jackets exhibited by passengers initially walking to the assembly station without life jackets. In order to investigate the influence of the collection of life jackets on the evacuation, an agent-based social force model is proposed. This model incorporates the collection and donning of life jacket, following behavior, and counterflow avoidance behavior. The model was validated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO)'s counterflow test, and satisfied its requirements. The fundamental diagram of the bidirectional flow of our model was validated against the results of a previous study. The results show that this model can reproduce collective phenomena in pedestrian traffic, such as dynamic multilane flow and stable separate-lane flow. Finally, the model was applied to deck 5 of a passenger ship. It was found that the evacuation time with life jackets is much longer than that without life jackets if some passengers are not in their cabins before the evacuation. It was also found that reducing the number of passengers who have to undergo life jacket retrieval can greatly increase evacuation efficiency. Moreover, we provide two optimized evacuation schemes for ship designers. These findings offer ship designers some insight towards increasing the safety of large passenger ships.
Baocheng Ni; Zhuang Lin; Ping Li. Agent-based evacuation model incorporating life jacket retrieval and counterflow avoidance behavior for passenger ships. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2018, 2018, 123405 .
AMA StyleBaocheng Ni, Zhuang Lin, Ping Li. Agent-based evacuation model incorporating life jacket retrieval and counterflow avoidance behavior for passenger ships. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment. 2018; 2018 (12):123405.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaocheng Ni; Zhuang Lin; Ping Li. 2018. "Agent-based evacuation model incorporating life jacket retrieval and counterflow avoidance behavior for passenger ships." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2018, no. 12: 123405.
A modified Fourier–Ritz method is developed for the flexural and in-plane vibration analysis of plates with two rectangular cutouts with arbitrary boundary conditions, aiming to provide a unified solving process for cases that the plate has various locations or sizes of cutout, and different kinds of boundary conditions. Under the current framework, modifying the position of the cutout or the boundary conditions of the plate is just as changing the geometric parameters of the plate, and there is no need to change the solution procedures. The arbitrary boundary conditions can be obtained by setting the stiffness constant of the boundary springs which are fixed uniformly along the edges of the plate at proper values. The strain and kinetic energy functions of a plate with rectangular cutout are derived in detail. The convergence and accuracy of the present method are demonstrated by comparing the present results with those obtained from the FEM software. In this paper, free in-plane and flexural vibration characteristics of the plate with rectangular cutout under general boundary conditions are studied. From the results, it can be found that the geometric parameters and positions of the cutout and the boundary conditions of the plate will obviously influence the natural vibration characteristics of the structures.
Yiming Liu; Zhuang Lin; Hu Ding; Guoyong Jin; Sensen Yan. A Modified Fourier–Ritz Formulation for Vibration Analysis of Arbitrarily Restrained Rectangular Plate with Cutouts. Shock and Vibration 2018, 2018, 1 -22.
AMA StyleYiming Liu, Zhuang Lin, Hu Ding, Guoyong Jin, Sensen Yan. A Modified Fourier–Ritz Formulation for Vibration Analysis of Arbitrarily Restrained Rectangular Plate with Cutouts. Shock and Vibration. 2018; 2018 ():1-22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYiming Liu; Zhuang Lin; Hu Ding; Guoyong Jin; Sensen Yan. 2018. "A Modified Fourier–Ritz Formulation for Vibration Analysis of Arbitrarily Restrained Rectangular Plate with Cutouts." Shock and Vibration 2018, no. : 1-22.
Zihe Qin; Zhuang Lin; Dongmei Yang; Ping Li. A task-based hierarchical control strategy for autonomous motion of an unmanned surface vehicle swarm. Applied Ocean Research 2017, 65, 251 -261.
AMA StyleZihe Qin, Zhuang Lin, Dongmei Yang, Ping Li. A task-based hierarchical control strategy for autonomous motion of an unmanned surface vehicle swarm. Applied Ocean Research. 2017; 65 ():251-261.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZihe Qin; Zhuang Lin; Dongmei Yang; Ping Li. 2017. "A task-based hierarchical control strategy for autonomous motion of an unmanned surface vehicle swarm." Applied Ocean Research 65, no. : 251-261.
Composite to metal joints are gradually found in the marine industry for the attachment of lightweight components to metallic structures. The puropose of this study is to invistigate the composite sandwich to steel joint for naval ships. The main emphasis of the study was placed on the mechanical properties of a hybrid joint between a sandwich glass fibre reinforced plastic superstructure and a steel hull. Based on the experiments of a base joint, a new numerical simulation method was used to analyze the performance of the base joint and the optimized joint. The optimized joint was presented due to reducing weight and avoiding eccentric load. The numerical predictions of the base hybrid joint showed a very good correlation with the experiment results, which validated the reliability of the new numerical simulation method. The strength of the optimized hybrid joint was evaluated through static simulation. This phenomenon is similar to the base joint. But there is no additional stress concentration induced by load eccentricity and internal bending. The optimized joint has 11% lower weight than the base joint, and the stress of the optimized joint is only about 4% ~ 67% of the base one. The results of the present work imply that the change of geometry and material is an effective method to improve the performance of the composite sandwich to steel joint.
Xiao Wen Li; Ping Li; Zhuang Lin; Hao Yu. Mechanical Characterisation of Composite Sandwich to Steel Joint for Marine Structures. Materials Science Forum 2015, 813, 210 -219.
AMA StyleXiao Wen Li, Ping Li, Zhuang Lin, Hao Yu. Mechanical Characterisation of Composite Sandwich to Steel Joint for Marine Structures. Materials Science Forum. 2015; 813 ():210-219.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao Wen Li; Ping Li; Zhuang Lin; Hao Yu. 2015. "Mechanical Characterisation of Composite Sandwich to Steel Joint for Marine Structures." Materials Science Forum 813, no. : 210-219.
The use of a glass-fiber reinforced composite in marine structures is becoming more common, particularly due to the potential weight savings. The mechanical response of the joint between a glass-fiber reinforced polymer (GRP) superstructure and a steel hull formed is examined and subsequently modified to improve performance through a combined program of modeling and testing. A finite-element model is developed to predict the response of the joint. The model takes into account the contact at the interface between different materials, progressive damage, large deformation theory, and a non-linear stress-strain relationship. To predict the progressive failure, the analysis combines Hashin failure criteria and maximum stress failure criteria. The results show stress response has a great influence on the strength and bearing of the joint. The Balsawood-steel interface is proved to be critical to the mechanical behavior of the joint. Good agreement between experimental results and numerical predictions is observed.
Xiaowen Li; Ping Li; Zhuang Lin; Dongmei Yang. Mechanical behavior of a glass-fiber reinforced composite to steel joint for ships. Journal of Marine Science and Application 2015, 14, 39 -45.
AMA StyleXiaowen Li, Ping Li, Zhuang Lin, Dongmei Yang. Mechanical behavior of a glass-fiber reinforced composite to steel joint for ships. Journal of Marine Science and Application. 2015; 14 (1):39-45.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaowen Li; Ping Li; Zhuang Lin; Dongmei Yang. 2015. "Mechanical behavior of a glass-fiber reinforced composite to steel joint for ships." Journal of Marine Science and Application 14, no. 1: 39-45.
Composite to metal joints as important components of marine structures are gradually found in the marine industry. The purpose of this study is to investigate mechanical performance and optimization method of the composite sandwich to steel joints. The main emphasis was placed on the mechanical properties of a hybrid joint between a sandwich glass fibre reinforced plastic superstructure and a steel main hull. Based on the experiments of a base joint, a new finite element method was used to analyze a series of joints. The optimized joint was presented due to reducing weight and enhancing the mechanical performance. The numerical predictions of the base hybrid joint showed a very good correlation with the experiment results, which validated the reliability of the new finite element method. The strength of the optimized joint was also evaluated by finite element method. The result is similar to the base joint. And there is no additional stress concentration in weak parts. The optimized joint has 30% lower weight than the base joint, and the stress is only about 5% ~ 56% of the base one. The results of the present work imply that the change of geometric parameter is an effective method to improve the performance of the metal to composite joint.
Xiao Wen Li; Ping Li; Zhuang Lin; Dong Mei Yang. Analysis and Optimization of Metal to Composite Joints for Marine Structures. Applied Mechanics and Materials 2014, 556-562, 91 -95.
AMA StyleXiao Wen Li, Ping Li, Zhuang Lin, Dong Mei Yang. Analysis and Optimization of Metal to Composite Joints for Marine Structures. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2014; 556-562 ():91-95.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao Wen Li; Ping Li; Zhuang Lin; Dong Mei Yang. 2014. "Analysis and Optimization of Metal to Composite Joints for Marine Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562, no. : 91-95.