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Bengi Ertuna
(Bogazici University, Department of Tourism Administration, Istanbul, Turkey

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Journal article
Published: 10 June 2019 in International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management
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Purpose The authors’ focus is on the way in which sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) discourses and practices emerge in the collaboration of multinational companies (MNCs) with the local hotels in developing country contexts. This paper aims to identify the prevailing institutional orders and logics that bring about CSR and sustainability discourse in tourism industry in Turkey. It also investigates how and to what extent the CSR and sustainability practices align with the local institutional logics and necessities. Design/methodology/approach Empirical evidence is generated through case studies covering Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc. (Hilton), its Turkish subsidiary and a local hotel chain to ensure data triangulation. Primary data were collected through interviews with the executives of the selected case hotels, which was supported by extensive secondary data. Findings Some components of CSR and sustainability logics developed in the headquarters diffuse into local affiliate hotel, not all. Local affiliate hotels seek to acquire local legitimacy in their host environment, despite a standard format imposed by their headquarters. Local necessities and priorities translate themselves into such initiatives in a very limited way in the affiliates of the Hilton where there is mostly a top-down approach. Similar approach has also been observed in the case of the local hotel which is part of a family business group. Family’s values and family business headquarter shape the CSR and sustainability strategy and the logics reflecting the local component. Research limitations/implications This paper addresses a theoretical and empirical gap by demonstrating the role of MNCs in the diffusion of sustainability and CSR practices, as acknowledged by Forcadell and Aracil (2017). The authors contribute to the critical writings about the positive impact of CSR and sustainability in the context of the MNCs and their subsidiaries, which is not substantiated due to limited empirical evidence. In addition to these contributions to the CSR and sustainability literatures in tourism and hospitality domains, the authors add to the institutional theory by demonstrating the link between institutional orders and institutional logics. They also show the multiplicity of logics that emanate from the differences of logics developed in the headquarters (centrally imposed) and local affiliate organizations (context-specific) and contribute to theory by highlighting tensions. Practical implications This study appeals to management teams and executives of hotels dealing with these issues of tailoring of CSR practices to local necessities. The authors do not only raise awareness of this consciousness but also demonstrate practical application of some of these strategies and prioritization by detecting market specificities and distinctive societal needs. Hotel managers should resist against the headquarter- or family business-driven uniform approach to CSR and sustainability and reflect on corporate policies through checking isomorphic tendencies. This entails being cognizant of local conditions and necessities and respond to them in a flexible and accommodating way. It involves engaging with a full spectrum of stakeholders, including the leadership in headquarters as well as local organizations (e.g. NGOs, suppliers, etc.) and other institutional forces (e.g. state) to align their sustainability and CSR practices with the locally dominant logics. Managers should be aware of certain logics governing CSR and sustainability practices; some of these logics might be constraining critical thinking and innovative practices. Social implications Managers should be proactive in interpreting different institutional logics and process them through critical reflection and boundary spanning and mapping of new opportunities. Moreover, MNC hotel executives should be aware of the limitations of a blanket approach toward CSR and sustainability and increase their sensitivity toward local conditions. Originality/value Through this study, the authors are able to add further value to the critical writings about the positive contribution of CSR and sustainability in the context of the MNCs and their subsidiaries, which is not substantiated due to limited empirical evidence.

ACS Style

Bengi Ertuna; Mine Karatas-Ozkan; Sibel Yamak. Diffusion of sustainability and CSR discourse in hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 2019, 31, 2564 -2581.

AMA Style

Bengi Ertuna, Mine Karatas-Ozkan, Sibel Yamak. Diffusion of sustainability and CSR discourse in hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 2019; 31 (6):2564-2581.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bengi Ertuna; Mine Karatas-Ozkan; Sibel Yamak. 2019. "Diffusion of sustainability and CSR discourse in hospitality industry." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, no. 6: 2564-2581.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2019 in International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management
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PurposeThis study aims to analyze corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs in tourism as a tool for sustainable development in the CSR program of a multinational enterprise in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachThis study includes qualitative research on a single company, content analysis of company-originated documents, participant observations, questionnaires for tourism project coordinators and follow-up interviews with company directors and project managers.FindingsThe paper identifies immediate context variables, program management, the complementary nature of interests and the diverse capabilities of the partners and an ongoing evaluation process as the determining factors for creating shared value for CSR programs in tourism.Research limitations/implicationsDespite the challenges of impact assessment and measurement of long-term effects, the study proposes a systematic framework for evaluating shared value creation generated by CSR activity.Practical implicationsThe evaluation methodology introduced in this research will be of use to CSR program developers in interpreting and reporting on the anticipated outcomes and impacts of their interventions in sustainable tourism development.Social implicationsA lack of outcome evaluation and impact assessment may affect accountability and, hence, the legitimacy of CSR programs. This study attempts to mitigate that limitation by introducing a novel methodology.Originality/valueThe value of CSR in tourism is a highly contested issue, despite its high potential for contributing to sustainable development. This longitudinal research goes beyond presenting immediate outputs of a CSR program in sustainable tourism; it discusses intermediate outcomes in the form of capitals, community well-being and shared value for society at large.

ACS Style

Burcin Hatipoglu; Bengi Ertuna; Duygu Salman. Corporate social responsibility in tourism as a tool for sustainable development. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 2019, 31, 2358 -2375.

AMA Style

Burcin Hatipoglu, Bengi Ertuna, Duygu Salman. Corporate social responsibility in tourism as a tool for sustainable development. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 2019; 31 (6):2358-2375.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Burcin Hatipoglu; Bengi Ertuna; Duygu Salman. 2019. "Corporate social responsibility in tourism as a tool for sustainable development." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, no. 6: 2358-2375.

Chapter
Published: 04 May 2019 in Global Challenges to CSR and Sustainable Development
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This chapter evaluates a program displaying features of Corporate Sustainability and Responsibility (CSR 2.0) of a Turkish company specialized in beverage production, which decided to dedicate a large part of its CSR agenda to sustainable tourism. The programme was planned and implemented in collaboration with the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). We focus our analyses on the good corporate governance dimension of CSR 2.0, for which we evaluate the operationalization of a selection of indicators we put forward: the cross sector social partnerships, dynamic co-creation of value, leadership and transparency. The potential contribution of this programme to a selected set of the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is also being assessed. Empirical findings suggest that all selected indicators are complementary in achieving social value and contribute indeed to some key SDGs. The results also indicate the need to identify alternative operationalizations and additional indicators for good corporate governance of CSR 2.0, in different tourism contexts.

ACS Style

Burcin Hatipoglu; Bengi Ertuna; Duygu Salman. Evaluation of a Turkish Company’s Progress Towards a CSR 2.0 Approach to Corporate Governance. Global Challenges to CSR and Sustainable Development 2019, 343 -360.

AMA Style

Burcin Hatipoglu, Bengi Ertuna, Duygu Salman. Evaluation of a Turkish Company’s Progress Towards a CSR 2.0 Approach to Corporate Governance. Global Challenges to CSR and Sustainable Development. 2019; ():343-360.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Burcin Hatipoglu; Bengi Ertuna; Duygu Salman. 2019. "Evaluation of a Turkish Company’s Progress Towards a CSR 2.0 Approach to Corporate Governance." Global Challenges to CSR and Sustainable Development , no. : 343-360.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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ACS Style

Burçin Hatipoglu; Maria D. Alvarez; Bengi Ertuna. Barriers to stakeholder involvement in the planning of sustainable tourism: the case of the Thrace region in Turkey. Journal of Cleaner Production 2016, 111, 306 -317.

AMA Style

Burçin Hatipoglu, Maria D. Alvarez, Bengi Ertuna. Barriers to stakeholder involvement in the planning of sustainable tourism: the case of the Thrace region in Turkey. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016; 111 ():306-317.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Burçin Hatipoglu; Maria D. Alvarez; Bengi Ertuna. 2016. "Barriers to stakeholder involvement in the planning of sustainable tourism: the case of the Thrace region in Turkey." Journal of Cleaner Production 111, no. : 306-317.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in European J. of International Management
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This study investigates the nature of the collaborations of the foreign investor with the local family business groups, drawing out a range of possible implications on performance. Embracing a multi-theoretical approach, we use a panel data regression analysis on a sample of non-financial companies listed in Istanbul Stock Exchange during the period of 1999-2002. We find that the interaction of the foreign investor with local business groups may have both positive and negative consequences on performance, depending on the nature of the collaboration. In the case of local firms, there is a positive relationship between performance and the presence of a chairman who is a member of the family that owns the business group. Having such a chairman seems to have a negative effect on performance when foreign investors are involved. However, equity partnership with a local family business group contributes positively to the performance of foreign-involved companies.

ACS Style

Sibel Yamak; Bengi Ertuna; Haluk Levent; Mehmet Bolak. Collaboration of foreign investors with local family business groups in Turkey: implications on firm performance. European J. of International Management 2015, 9, 263 .

AMA Style

Sibel Yamak, Bengi Ertuna, Haluk Levent, Mehmet Bolak. Collaboration of foreign investors with local family business groups in Turkey: implications on firm performance. European J. of International Management. 2015; 9 (2):263.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sibel Yamak; Bengi Ertuna; Haluk Levent; Mehmet Bolak. 2015. "Collaboration of foreign investors with local family business groups in Turkey: implications on firm performance." European J. of International Management 9, no. 2: 263.

Book chapter
Published: 14 August 2014 in Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice
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ACS Style

Maria D. Alvarez; Bengi Ertuna; Dilek Unalan; Burçin Hatipoğlu. The Role of Regional Agencies. Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice 2014, 127 -147.

AMA Style

Maria D. Alvarez, Bengi Ertuna, Dilek Unalan, Burçin Hatipoğlu. The Role of Regional Agencies. Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice. 2014; ():127-147.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria D. Alvarez; Bengi Ertuna; Dilek Unalan; Burçin Hatipoğlu. 2014. "The Role of Regional Agencies." Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice , no. : 127-147.

Journal article
Published: 07 August 2014 in Sustainability
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Sustainable tourism has the potential of contributing to local development while protecting the natural environment and preserving cultural heritage. Implementation of this form of tourism requires human resources that can assume effective leadership in sustainable development. The purpose of the international student program, described in this paper, was to develop and implement an educational methodology to fulfill this need. The study, which was developed and applied by two universities, took place in August 2013, in the study setting of Kastamonu, Turkey. The effectiveness of the program was measured by pre- and post-surveys using the Global Citizenship Scale developed by Morais and Ogden. The findings document a change in intercultural communication, global knowledge and political voice dimensions of the scale.

ACS Style

Burcin Hatipoglu; Bengi Ertuna; Vinod Sasidharan. A Referential Methodology for Education on Sustainable Tourism Development. Sustainability 2014, 6, 5029 -5048.

AMA Style

Burcin Hatipoglu, Bengi Ertuna, Vinod Sasidharan. A Referential Methodology for Education on Sustainable Tourism Development. Sustainability. 2014; 6 (8):5029-5048.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Burcin Hatipoglu; Bengi Ertuna; Vinod Sasidharan. 2014. "A Referential Methodology for Education on Sustainable Tourism Development." Sustainability 6, no. 8: 5029-5048.

Book chapter
Published: 26 July 2014 in Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice
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ACS Style

Maria D. Alvarez; Bengi Ertuna; Dilek Ünalan; Burçin Hatipoğlu. The Role of Regional Agencies. Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice 2014, 127 -147.

AMA Style

Maria D. Alvarez, Bengi Ertuna, Dilek Ünalan, Burçin Hatipoğlu. The Role of Regional Agencies. Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice. 2014; ():127-147.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria D. Alvarez; Bengi Ertuna; Dilek Ünalan; Burçin Hatipoğlu. 2014. "The Role of Regional Agencies." Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice , no. : 127-147.

Conference paper
Published: 01 November 2013 in Proceedings of The 3rd World Sustainability Forum
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The aim of this paper is to describe an international student project as a referential methodology for sustainable tourism education. Sustainable tourism is widely accepted and advocated as a tool for sustainable development of local communities by international organizations and scientific community (Castellani and Sala, 2010). It has the potential of contributing to local development while protecting natural environment and preserving cultural heritage. In spite of this potential, there are serious obstacles in sustainable tourism development, some of which include inadequate policy framework and an accompanying institutional structure to support stakeholder involvement. Removal of these obstacles seems to require human resources that can assume effective leadership in sustainable development. The purpose of the international student project described in this paper is to develop and implement an educational methodology to fulfill this need. This international student project, which is a joint student project of the Department of Tourism Administration at Bogazici University and School of Tourism and Hospitality Management at San Diego State University, took place in August 2013 in the study setting of Kastomonu, Turkey. Kastamonu is one of the areas designated for tourism development according to Tourism Strategy 2023 Report of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. In this project students have worked on developing a Sustainability Guide to help the community of Kastamonu to implement sustainable tourism development. In developing this guide, students were asked to evaluate whether residents of Kastamonu community can achieve sustainability through tourism development. In this guide assessment of sustainability is based on The Happiness Initiative, a US program, currently being coordinated by Sustainable Seattle. This Happiness initiative measures the level of welfare and development in a community along nine dimensions, namely Environment and Nature; Good Government; Material Well-being; Psychological Well being, Physical Health; Time and Work-Life Balance; Social Vitality and Connection; Education; and Arts and Culture. Students have worked in mixed groups of four and followed a program that enabled them to make observations on each of the above mentioned dimensioned dimensions. At the end of the program, they made presentations to a group of local stakeholders. The impact of this educational methodology on the leadership qualities for sustainable tourism development, a survey instrument was administered both before and after the project implementation. The Global Citizenship Scale developed by Morais and Ogden (2011) was used in this survey instrument. The results indicate a change in global citizenship score of the students along some dimensions of this score, as well as their conceptions about sustainable tourism development. An educational project with specific aims that incorporate dimensions contributing to sustainability seems to...

ACS Style

Burcin Hatipoglu; Vinod Sasidharan; Bengi Ertuna. A Referential Methodology for Education on Sustainable Tourism Development. Proceedings of The 3rd World Sustainability Forum 2013, 1 .

AMA Style

Burcin Hatipoglu, Vinod Sasidharan, Bengi Ertuna. A Referential Methodology for Education on Sustainable Tourism Development. Proceedings of The 3rd World Sustainability Forum. 2013; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Burcin Hatipoglu; Vinod Sasidharan; Bengi Ertuna. 2013. "A Referential Methodology for Education on Sustainable Tourism Development." Proceedings of The 3rd World Sustainability Forum , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 20 March 2013 in Journal of Emerging Market Finance
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Corporate governance has emerged as a leading investment criterion for institutional investors with the rise of cross-border portfolio flows, especially for markets with weak investor protection. This study provides firm-level evidence on the relationship between the level of foreign institutional investment and the transparency and disclosure performance of companies listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange. We develop a self-constructed transparency and disclosure index, consisting of voluntary and mandatory components, and find that only voluntary disclosure is positively associated with foreign institutional investment. We conclude that firms that operate in markets with lower governance standards can indeed attract more institutional investment through better disclosure, beyond what is required by regulations. JEL Classification: G32, G34

ACS Style

Bengi Ertuna; Ali Tükel. Do Foreign Institutional Investors Reward Transparency and Disclosure. Journal of Emerging Market Finance 2013, 12, 31 -57.

AMA Style

Bengi Ertuna, Ali Tükel. Do Foreign Institutional Investors Reward Transparency and Disclosure. Journal of Emerging Market Finance. 2013; 12 (1):31-57.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bengi Ertuna; Ali Tükel. 2013. "Do Foreign Institutional Investors Reward Transparency and Disclosure." Journal of Emerging Market Finance 12, no. 1: 31-57.

Book chapter
Published: 02 October 2012 in A Companion to Organizational Anthropology
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This chapter explains the diffusion of and differences in corporate social responsibility (CSR) across different institutional contexts using the market and community realms of the cross‐cultural model of economy of Gudeman. It focuses on the historical and cultural antecedents of the society‐corporation relationship in order to understand the unique aspects of CSR practices of Turkish companies. The chapter first introduces theoretical basis of CSR. CSR is then placed within the anthropological model of economy. The anthropological model of economy is then applied to understand the local interpretation of CSR in a different context. Using Gudeman's model of economy, moral values of the business and the preferred style of social control of the economy are proposed to underlie the institutional mechanisms for creating and distribution of value in the economy.

ACS Style

Bengi Ertuna. Corporate Social Responsibility: Interaction between Market and Community. A Companion to Organizational Anthropology 2012, 438 -454.

AMA Style

Bengi Ertuna. Corporate Social Responsibility: Interaction between Market and Community. A Companion to Organizational Anthropology. 2012; ():438-454.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bengi Ertuna. 2012. "Corporate Social Responsibility: Interaction between Market and Community." A Companion to Organizational Anthropology , no. : 438-454.

Book part
Published: 05 April 2012 in Corporate Governance and Initial Public Offerings
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Corporate Governance and Initial Public Offerings - edited by Alessandro Zattoni March 2012

ACS Style

Sibel Yamak; Bengi Ertuna. Corporate governance and initial public offerings in Turkey. Corporate Governance and Initial Public Offerings 2012, 470 -498.

AMA Style

Sibel Yamak, Bengi Ertuna. Corporate governance and initial public offerings in Turkey. Corporate Governance and Initial Public Offerings. 2012; ():470-498.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sibel Yamak; Bengi Ertuna. 2012. "Corporate governance and initial public offerings in Turkey." Corporate Governance and Initial Public Offerings , no. : 470-498.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2012 in Pasos. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural
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ACS Style

Bengi Ertuna; Boğaziçi University (Turkey); Gülşen Kırbaş; Ecotourism and Sustainable Tourism Association (Turkey). Local community involvement in rural tourism development: The case of Kastamonu, Turkey. Pasos. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural 2012, 10, 17 -24.

AMA Style

Bengi Ertuna, Boğaziçi University (Turkey), Gülşen Kırbaş, Ecotourism and Sustainable Tourism Association (Turkey). Local community involvement in rural tourism development: The case of Kastamonu, Turkey. Pasos. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural. 2012; 10 (2):17-24.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bengi Ertuna; Boğaziçi University (Turkey); Gülşen Kırbaş; Ecotourism and Sustainable Tourism Association (Turkey). 2012. "Local community involvement in rural tourism development: The case of Kastamonu, Turkey." Pasos. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural 10, no. 2: 17-24.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2011 in European Management Journal
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ACS Style

Bengi Ertuna; Sibel Yamak. Foreign equity configurations in an emerging country: Implications for performance. European Management Journal 2011, 29, 117 -128.

AMA Style

Bengi Ertuna, Sibel Yamak. Foreign equity configurations in an emerging country: Implications for performance. European Management Journal. 2011; 29 (2):117-128.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bengi Ertuna; Sibel Yamak. 2011. "Foreign equity configurations in an emerging country: Implications for performance." European Management Journal 29, no. 2: 117-128.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2010 in European J. of International Management
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This study provides an investigation into the CSR activities of companies in an emerging market, characterised by both an established tradition of business philanthropy and a current process of integration with international markets. We use content analysis on the CSR disclosures of listed Turkish companies and analyse the factors which influence the level of CSR reporting through univariate and multivariate analysis. Our findings reveal that traditional practices have a strong influence on CSR reporting. The impact of international influences is weaker and mainly through market-driven norms rather than institutionally imposed mechanisms. Our results provide additional support for the context-dependent nature of CSR practice and display the interaction between the local and international influences.

ACS Style

Bengi Ertuna; Ali Tukel. Traditional versus international influences: CSR disclosures in Turkey. European J. of International Management 2010, 4, 273 .

AMA Style

Bengi Ertuna, Ali Tukel. Traditional versus international influences: CSR disclosures in Turkey. European J. of International Management. 2010; 4 (3):273.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bengi Ertuna; Ali Tukel. 2010. "Traditional versus international influences: CSR disclosures in Turkey." European J. of International Management 4, no. 3: 273.

Refereed articles
Published: 01 December 2002 in Anatolia
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The aim of this study is to demonstrate the relationship between tourism supply and tourism products that a country builds and the characteristics of the international tourism demand of inbound visitors to Turkey. The developments that are observed in the inbound international tourism to Turkey over time indicate that the investment incentives provided by the government determine the nature of the inbound international tourism demand by shaping the tourism supply that is actually built. The relationships that stem from the Turkish inbound tourism development case will help to clarify the factors inhibiting international tourism development in other developing countries. The development stages of mass tourism in Turkey can suggest policy implementations for other developing countries with natural resources and which aim to enter inbound mass tourism market.

ACS Style

Şükrü Yarcan; Bengi Ertuna. What You Encourage is What You Get: The Case of Turkish Inbound International Tourism. Anatolia 2002, 13, 159 -183.

AMA Style

Şükrü Yarcan, Bengi Ertuna. What You Encourage is What You Get: The Case of Turkish Inbound International Tourism. Anatolia. 2002; 13 (2):159-183.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Şükrü Yarcan; Bengi Ertuna. 2002. "What You Encourage is What You Get: The Case of Turkish Inbound International Tourism." Anatolia 13, no. 2: 159-183.