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Professor Hussein Shimelis (Ph.D.) is a Crop Scientist with a specialisation in Plant Breeding. He is Chair of Crop Science, Associate Professor of Plant Breeding, and Deputy Director of the African Centre for Crop Improvement (ACCI) at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a staple food crop in Burkina Faso that is widely grown in the Sahelian and Sudano-Sahelian zones, characterised by poor soil conditions and erratic rainfall, and high temperatures. The objective of this study was to document farmers’ perceptions of the prevailing constraints affecting pearl millet production and related approaches to manage the parasitic weeds S. hermonthica. The study was conducted in the Sahel, Sudano-Sahelian zones in the North, North Central, West Central, Central Plateau, and South Central of Burkina Faso. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and focus group discussions involving 492 participant farmers. Recurrent drought, S. hermonthica infestation, shortage of labour, lack of fertilisers, lack of cash, and the use of low-yielding varieties were the main challenges hindering pearl millet production in the study areas. The majority of the respondents (40%) ranked S. hermonthica infestation as the primary constraint affecting pearl millet production. Respondent farmers reported yield losses of up to 80% due to S. hermonthica infestation. 61.4% of the respondents in the study areas had achieved a mean pearl millet yields of <1 t/ha. Poor access and the high cost of introduced seed, and a lack of farmers preferred traits in the existing introduced pearl millet varieties were the main reasons for their low adoption, as reported by 32% of respondents. S. hermonthica management options in pearl millet production fields included moisture conservation using terraces, manual hoeing, hand weeding, use of microplots locally referred to as ‘zaï’, crop rotation and mulching. These management techniques were ineffective because they do not suppress the below ground S. hermonthica seed, and they are difficult to implement. Integrated management practices employing breeding for S. hermonthica resistant varieties with the aforementioned control measures could offer a sustainable solution for S. hermonthica management and improved pearl millet productivity in Burkina Faso.
Armel Rouamba; Hussein Shimelis; Inoussa Drabo; Mark Laing; Prakash Gangashetty; Isack Mathew; Emmanuel Mrema; Admire Shayanowako. Constraints to Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Production and Farmers’ Approaches to Striga hermonthica Management in Burkina Faso. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8460 .
AMA StyleArmel Rouamba, Hussein Shimelis, Inoussa Drabo, Mark Laing, Prakash Gangashetty, Isack Mathew, Emmanuel Mrema, Admire Shayanowako. Constraints to Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Production and Farmers’ Approaches to Striga hermonthica Management in Burkina Faso. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8460.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArmel Rouamba; Hussein Shimelis; Inoussa Drabo; Mark Laing; Prakash Gangashetty; Isack Mathew; Emmanuel Mrema; Admire Shayanowako. 2021. "Constraints to Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Production and Farmers’ Approaches to Striga hermonthica Management in Burkina Faso." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8460.
Genetic diversity is key for breeding population development, hybrid breeding, heterotic grouping and genetic analysis, among others. The objective of this study was to examine genetic interrelationships among elite sorghum genotypes bred for resistance to Striga hermonthica Del. Benth and S. asiatica (L.) Kuntze and compatible with a biological control agent Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae (FOS) against Striga using 22 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite markers. The number of alleles per locus detected by the markers varied from 2 to 7 with a mean value of 4.23. The polymorphic information content (PIC) of the SSR markers ranged from 0.15 to 0.84 with a mean of 0.57 showing moderate discriminatory power of the primers. The neighbour-joining clustering algorithm classified the genotypes into three main groups, revealing narrow to moderate variations existing among the test genotypes. Overall, the genetic diversity revealed by the study will be useful for designed crosses and pyramiding of broad-based resistance genes to control Striga for sustainable sorghum production.
Athenkosi Makebe; Hussein Shimelis; Admire I. T. Shayanowako. Genetic interrelationships of elite sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes bred for Striga resistance and compatibility with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae (FOS) revealed by microsatellites. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science 2021, 1 -8.
AMA StyleAthenkosi Makebe, Hussein Shimelis, Admire I. T. Shayanowako. Genetic interrelationships of elite sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes bred for Striga resistance and compatibility with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae (FOS) revealed by microsatellites. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science. 2021; ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAthenkosi Makebe; Hussein Shimelis; Admire I. T. Shayanowako. 2021. "Genetic interrelationships of elite sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes bred for Striga resistance and compatibility with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae (FOS) revealed by microsatellites." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science , no. : 1-8.
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the main food staple grain widely cultivated in sub-Sharan Africa including Uganda. There is a lack of current information on sorghum production constraints and varietal trait preferences in the major sorghum production areas in Uganda. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the sorghum production constraints and farmer preferences for sorghum variety in Uganda. A participatory rural appraisal study was undertaken in four selected sorghum production districts in Uganda (Kumi, Bukedea, Oyam and Gulu). Data were collected through surveys using semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussion involving 128 and 55 participants, respectively. Data were subjected to parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses to draw inferences. A lack of improved sorghum varieties was the major sorghum production constraint reported by 82.8% of participants. Farmer preferred ideal sorghum varieties were short to medium plant height with high grain yield. The quality attributes mostly preferred by farmers were baking quality, nutrition, and seed colour. Farmers in the study areas mainly grew unimproved sorghum varieties with low food values. Overall, the study provides the current evidence on sorghum production constraints and farmer-preferred attributes that will guide sorghum nutritional quality breeding with farmer preferred traits.
Charles Andiku; Hussein Shimelis; Mark Laing; Admire Isaac Tichafa Shayanowako; Michael Adrogu Ugen; Eric Manyasa; Chris Ojiewo. Assessment of sorghum production constraints and farmer preferences for sorghum variety in Uganda: implications for nutritional quality breeding. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science 2021, 1 -13.
AMA StyleCharles Andiku, Hussein Shimelis, Mark Laing, Admire Isaac Tichafa Shayanowako, Michael Adrogu Ugen, Eric Manyasa, Chris Ojiewo. Assessment of sorghum production constraints and farmer preferences for sorghum variety in Uganda: implications for nutritional quality breeding. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science. 2021; ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCharles Andiku; Hussein Shimelis; Mark Laing; Admire Isaac Tichafa Shayanowako; Michael Adrogu Ugen; Eric Manyasa; Chris Ojiewo. 2021. "Assessment of sorghum production constraints and farmer preferences for sorghum variety in Uganda: implications for nutritional quality breeding." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science , no. : 1-13.
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.) is a nutritionally rich grain legume crop indigenous to Africa. It is tolerant to drought stress and has become adapted to grow under low input and marginal agricultural production systems in Africa and Asia. Bambara groundnut is an orphan crop, and represents a neglected and under researched plant genetic resource. Modern crop management, production technologies, and value chains are yet to be developed in Africa to achieve the potential economic gains from Bambara groundnut production and marketing. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) the production and productivity of Bambara groundnut is low and stagnant because of diverse abiotic and biotic stresses and socio-economic constraints. Improved crop management and post handling technologies, modern varieties with high yield and nutritional quality, value addition, and market access are among the key considerations in current and future Bambara groundnut research and development programs. This paper presents progress on Bambara groundnut production, utilization, and genetic improvement in SSA. It presents the key production constraints, genetic resources and analysis, breeding methods and genetic gains on yield, and nutritional quality and outlook. The information presented will guide the sustainable production and effective breeding of the crop in order to pursue food and nutrition security, and improve livelihoods through Bambara groundnut enterprises.
Nomathemba Majola; Abe Gerrano; Hussein Shimelis. Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.) Production, Utilisation and Genetic Improvement in Sub-Saharan Africa. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1345 .
AMA StyleNomathemba Majola, Abe Gerrano, Hussein Shimelis. Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.) Production, Utilisation and Genetic Improvement in Sub-Saharan Africa. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (7):1345.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNomathemba Majola; Abe Gerrano; Hussein Shimelis. 2021. "Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.) Production, Utilisation and Genetic Improvement in Sub-Saharan Africa." Agronomy 11, no. 7: 1345.
The significant role of agriculture in the transformation of emerging economies has been well founded in the literature. This has contributed to the implementation of a number of intervention programs aimed at improving agricultural productivity and, subsequently, household welfare. However, the magnitude of the impact of adoption of any innovation, such as improved sweetpotato varieties developed for both as human food and livestock feed and hence called dual-purpose sweetpotato (DPS) varieties, is of critical concern. This paper estimates the potential impact of DPS varieties on productivity and household welfare (proxy by consumption expenditure per capita) using an endogenous regime-switching regression that corrects both observed and hidden endogeneities. Consistent with findings in many pieces of the literature, our study shows that adoption of DPS leads to significant productivity and welfare gains, and that farmers who did not adopt would have been better-off have they adopted. In addition, DPS adoption has heterogeneous effects among the adopters’ group that varies with characteristics such as membership of farmer groups and household size. There is, therefore, a need to target specific groups among the farming households. The results of the study also indicate that development practitioners should support the production and promotion of agricultural technologies to boost productivity and improve welfare, especially among rural households.
Gideon Danso-Abbeam; Lloyd J. S. Baiyegunhi; Mark D. Laing; Hussein Shimelis. Productivity and Welfare Impacts of Dual-Purpose Sweetpotato Varieties’ Adoption Among Smallholder Farmers in Rwanda. The European Journal of Development Research 2021, 1 -21.
AMA StyleGideon Danso-Abbeam, Lloyd J. S. Baiyegunhi, Mark D. Laing, Hussein Shimelis. Productivity and Welfare Impacts of Dual-Purpose Sweetpotato Varieties’ Adoption Among Smallholder Farmers in Rwanda. The European Journal of Development Research. 2021; ():1-21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGideon Danso-Abbeam; Lloyd J. S. Baiyegunhi; Mark D. Laing; Hussein Shimelis. 2021. "Productivity and Welfare Impacts of Dual-Purpose Sweetpotato Varieties’ Adoption Among Smallholder Farmers in Rwanda." The European Journal of Development Research , no. : 1-21.
Ethiopia is one of the centers of genetic diversity of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The sesame genetic resources present in the country should be explored for local, regional, and international genetic improvement programs to design high-performing and market-preferred varieties. This study’s objective was to determine the extent of genetic variation among 100 diverse cultivated sesame germplasm collections of Ethiopia using phenotypic traits and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to select distinct and complementary genotypes for breeding. One hundred sesame entries were field evaluated at two locations in Ethiopia for agro-morphological traits and seed oil content using a 10 × 10 lattice design with two replications. Test genotypes were profiled using 27 polymorphic SSR markers at the Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Analysis of variance revealed significant (p ≤ 0.05) entry by environment interaction for plant height, internode length, number of secondary branches, and grain yield. Genotypes such as Hirhir Kebabo Hairless-9, Setit-3, Orofalc ACC-2, Hirhir Humera Sel-6, ABX = 2-01-2, and Setit-1 recorded grain yield of >0.73 ton ha−1 with excellent performance in yield component such as oil yield per hectare. Grain yield had positive and significant (p< 0.01) associations with oil yield (r = 0.99), useful for simultaneous selection for yield improvement in sesame. The SSR markers revealed gene diversity and polymorphic information content values of 0.30 and 0.25, respectively, showing that the tested sesame accessions were genetically diverse. Cluster analysis resolved the accessions into two groups, while population structure analysis revealed four major heterotic groups, thus enabling selection and subsequent crossing to develop breeding populations for cultivar development. Based on phenotypic and genomic divergence, the following superior and complementary genotypes: Hirhir Humera Sel-6, Setit-3, Hirhir Kebabo Hairless Sel-4, Hirhir Nigara 1st Sel-1, Humera-1 and Hirhir Kebabo Early Sel-1 (from cluster II-a), Hirhir kebabo hairless-9, NN-0029(2), NN0068-2 and Bawnji Fiyel Kolet, (from cluster II-b). The selected genotypes will serve as parents in the local breeding program in Ethiopia.
Desawi Teklu; Hussein Shimelis; Abush Tesfaye; Jacob Mashilo; Xiurong Zhang; Yanxin Zhang; Komivi Dossa; Admire Shayanowako. Genetic Variability and Population Structure of Ethiopian Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Germplasm Assessed through Phenotypic Traits and Simple Sequence Repeats Markers. Plants 2021, 10, 1129 .
AMA StyleDesawi Teklu, Hussein Shimelis, Abush Tesfaye, Jacob Mashilo, Xiurong Zhang, Yanxin Zhang, Komivi Dossa, Admire Shayanowako. Genetic Variability and Population Structure of Ethiopian Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Germplasm Assessed through Phenotypic Traits and Simple Sequence Repeats Markers. Plants. 2021; 10 (6):1129.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDesawi Teklu; Hussein Shimelis; Abush Tesfaye; Jacob Mashilo; Xiurong Zhang; Yanxin Zhang; Komivi Dossa; Admire Shayanowako. 2021. "Genetic Variability and Population Structure of Ethiopian Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Germplasm Assessed through Phenotypic Traits and Simple Sequence Repeats Markers." Plants 10, no. 6: 1129.
As part of the Green Revolution, plant breeding programmes such as the African Centre for Crop Improvement have trained scientists to breed crop varieties in Africa to address the challenges of low productivity. However, exposure to and adoption of these varieties is somewhat modest, and there is also a scarcity of empirical studies on the drivers of exposure and adoption. Using data from Rwanda, the counterfactual treatment effect framework was used to estimate observed and potential adoption rates, as well as the drivers of exposure and adoption of dual-purpose sweetpotato varieties bred for both food and feed, under partial exposure to information. The results show that if the entire target farming population had been aware of the varieties, the adoption rate could have been up to 70% instead of the observed rate of 42%, indicating a 28% adoption gap due to partial diffusion. The findings indicate that once these varieties have been exposed, there is scope for further expansion of their cultivation. Key drivers of variety exposure and adoption include membership of farmer groups, participation in demonstration fields, and access to extension services. Thus, conscious efforts to minimize information constraints are a prerequisite for unlocking this adoption puzzle.
Gideon Danso-Abbeam; Lloyd J.S. Baiyegunhi; Mark D. Laing; Hussein Shimelis. Adoption of dual-purpose sweetpotato varieties under partial population exposure in Rwanda: Insights from an African plant breeding programme. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development 2021, 1 -10.
AMA StyleGideon Danso-Abbeam, Lloyd J.S. Baiyegunhi, Mark D. Laing, Hussein Shimelis. Adoption of dual-purpose sweetpotato varieties under partial population exposure in Rwanda: Insights from an African plant breeding programme. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development. 2021; ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGideon Danso-Abbeam; Lloyd J.S. Baiyegunhi; Mark D. Laing; Hussein Shimelis. 2021. "Adoption of dual-purpose sweetpotato varieties under partial population exposure in Rwanda: Insights from an African plant breeding programme." African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development , no. : 1-10.
Striga species cause significant yield loss in maize varying from 20 to 100%. The aim of the present study was to screen and identify maize genotypes with partial resistance to S. hermonthica (Sh) and S. asiatica (Sa) and compatible with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae (FOS), a biocontrol agent. Fifty-six maize genotypes were evaluated for resistance to Sh and Sa, and FOS compatibility. Results showed that FOS treatment significantly (p< 0.001) enhanced Striga management compared to the untreated control under both Sh and Sa infestations. The mean grain yield was reduced by 19.13% in FOS-untreated genotypes compared with a loss of 13.94% in the same genotypes treated with FOS under Sh infestation. Likewise, under Sa infestation, FOS-treated genotypes had a mean grain yield reduction of 18% while untreated genotypes had a mean loss of 21.4% compared to the control treatment. Overall, based on Striga emergence count, Striga host damage rating, grain yield and FOS compatibility, under Sh and Sa infestations, 23 maize genotypes carrying farmer preferred traits were identified. The genotypes are useful genetic materials in the development of Striga-resistant cultivars in Tanzania and related agro-ecologies.
John Lobulu; Hussein Shimelis; Mark Laing; Arnold Mushongi; Admire Shayanowako. Characterization of Maize Genotypes (Zea mays L.) for Resistance to Striga asiatica and S. hermonthica and Compatibility with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae (FOS) in Tanzania. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1004 .
AMA StyleJohn Lobulu, Hussein Shimelis, Mark Laing, Arnold Mushongi, Admire Shayanowako. Characterization of Maize Genotypes (Zea mays L.) for Resistance to Striga asiatica and S. hermonthica and Compatibility with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae (FOS) in Tanzania. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (5):1004.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn Lobulu; Hussein Shimelis; Mark Laing; Arnold Mushongi; Admire Shayanowako. 2021. "Characterization of Maize Genotypes (Zea mays L.) for Resistance to Striga asiatica and S. hermonthica and Compatibility with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae (FOS) in Tanzania." Agronomy 11, no. 5: 1004.
The bean fly (Ophiomyia spp) is a key insect pest causing significant crop damage and yield loss in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L., 2n = 2x = 22). Development and deployment of agronomic superior and bean fly resistant common bean varieties aredependent on genetic variation and the identification of genes and genomic regions controlling economic traits. This study’s objective was to determine the population structure of a diverse panel of common bean genotypes and deduce associations between bean fly resistance and agronomic traits based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Ninety-nine common bean genotypes were phenotyped in two seasons at two locations and genotyped with 16 565 SNP markers. The genotypes exhibited significant variation for bean fly damage severity (BDS), plant mortality rate (PMR), and pupa count (PC). Likewise, the genotypes showed significant variation for agro-morphological traits such as days to flowering (DTF), days to maturity (DTM), number of pods per plant (NPP), number of seeds per pod (NSP), and grain yield (GYD). The genotypes were delineated into two populations, which were based on the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools. The genotypes exhibited a minimum membership coefficient of 0.60 to their respective populations. Eighty-three significant (P<0.01) markers were identified with an average linkage disequilibrium of 0.20 at 12Mb across the 11 chromosomes. Three markers were identified, each having pleiotropic effects on two traits: M100049197 (BDS and NPP), M3379537 (DTF and PC), and M13122571 (NPP and GYD). The identified markers are useful for marker-assisted selection in the breeding program to develop common bean genotypes with resistance to bean fly damage.
Wilson Nkhata; Hussein Shimelis; Rob Melis; Rowland Chirwa; Tenyson Mzengeza; Isack Mathew; Admire Shayanowako. Genome-wide association analysis of bean fly resistance and agro-morphological traits in common bean. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0250729 .
AMA StyleWilson Nkhata, Hussein Shimelis, Rob Melis, Rowland Chirwa, Tenyson Mzengeza, Isack Mathew, Admire Shayanowako. Genome-wide association analysis of bean fly resistance and agro-morphological traits in common bean. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (4):e0250729.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWilson Nkhata; Hussein Shimelis; Rob Melis; Rowland Chirwa; Tenyson Mzengeza; Isack Mathew; Admire Shayanowako. 2021. "Genome-wide association analysis of bean fly resistance and agro-morphological traits in common bean." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4: e0250729.
Despite Rwanda's impressive economic success over the last decade, household food insecurity persists, particularly in rural areas. Empirical evidence is therefore deemed necessary to inform policies addressing food insecurity, hunger and poverty in general. This study examines household food security and its determinants in the rural areas of Southern and Northern provinces of Rwanda. Using cross-sectional data collected from 534 farming households, we estimated household food security status by Food Consumption Score (FCS) and Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) and applied ordered Probit model to identify drivers of household food security. The results indicate that a significant proportion (74.4%) of households had an acceptable FCS, but 36.52% of the farming households experienced moderate and severe food insecurity when assessed with FIES. Ownership of livestock was identified as a key determinant of food security using both metrics, which affirms the importance of combating hunger and food insecurity in Rwanda through their ‘one cow per household policy’ and recommends that this policy be strengthened.
Gideon Danso-Abbeam; Lloyd J.S. Baiyegunhi; Mark D. Laing; Hussein Shimelis. Understanding the Determinants of Food Security among Rural Farming Households in Rwanda. Ecology of Food and Nutrition 2021, 1 -19.
AMA StyleGideon Danso-Abbeam, Lloyd J.S. Baiyegunhi, Mark D. Laing, Hussein Shimelis. Understanding the Determinants of Food Security among Rural Farming Households in Rwanda. Ecology of Food and Nutrition. 2021; ():1-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGideon Danso-Abbeam; Lloyd J.S. Baiyegunhi; Mark D. Laing; Hussein Shimelis. 2021. "Understanding the Determinants of Food Security among Rural Farming Households in Rwanda." Ecology of Food and Nutrition , no. : 1-19.
The new generation sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)] varieties are valued as dual-purpose types for food and fodder in the crop-livestock mixed-farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity present among dual-purpose sweetpotato genotypes using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and phenotypic traits to identify complementary genotypes for direct production and breeding. Twenty-four sweetpotato genotypes were genotyped using nine selected and highly polymorphic SSR markers and dual-purpose phenotypic traits. The genotypes were field-evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications in two representative locations in Rwanda. Genotypes differed significantly (p < 0.05) for dual-purpose traits and other assessed phenotypic traits. Genotype “Ukerewe” had the highest fresh root yield (18.24 t ha−1), followed by genotype ‘8–1038ʹ (17.63 t ha−1). The top-performing genotypes for fresh vine yield were “Wagabolige” (23 t ha−1) and ‘NASPOT13ʹ (21.64 t ha−1). The mean expected heterozygosity value was 0.69, indicating adequate genetic variation in the tested germplasm. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into three distinct groups, which aided in the identification of genotypes with high fodder and storage root yields, which were SPK004 and K5132/61 from Group I; 4–160, Ukerewe and RW11-2910 from Group II; and RW11-1860, Wagabolige and 2005–179 from Group III. The identified genotypes should be useful genetic resources for production and development of high-performing dual-purpose sweetpotato cultivars in Rwanda.
Damien Shumbusha; Hussein Shimelis; Mark Laing; Jacob Mashilo. Genetic analysis of dual-purpose sweetpotato genotypes using simple sequence repeat markers and phenotypic traits. Journal of Crop Improvement 2021, 1 -20.
AMA StyleDamien Shumbusha, Hussein Shimelis, Mark Laing, Jacob Mashilo. Genetic analysis of dual-purpose sweetpotato genotypes using simple sequence repeat markers and phenotypic traits. Journal of Crop Improvement. 2021; ():1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDamien Shumbusha; Hussein Shimelis; Mark Laing; Jacob Mashilo. 2021. "Genetic analysis of dual-purpose sweetpotato genotypes using simple sequence repeat markers and phenotypic traits." Journal of Crop Improvement , no. : 1-20.
Breeding new and high performing cultivars with market‐preferred traits take more than 10 years in the absence of an integrated pre‐breeding programme. During the early phases of breeding a significant amount of time, space and resources are invested in the selection and genetic advancement stages after initial crosses are performed with parental genotypes. Speed breeding has the potential to reduce the time required for cultivar development, release and commercialization. The objective of this review was to present the key opportunities and challenges of speed breeding to guide pre‐breeding and breeding programmes. Key challenges of speed breeding include: (a) access to suitable facilities, (c) staff trained in the protocol, (b) adopting major changes to breeding programme design and operations, and (d) the need for long‐term funding. The current review highlights the potential advantages of speed breeding for the successful development and release of pure line cultivars in self‐pollinated crops in ~5 years versus 8 to 10 years when using traditional methods.
Maliata Athon Wanga; Hussein Shimelis; Jacob Mashilo; Mark D. Laing. Opportunities and challenges of speed breeding: A review. Plant Breeding 2021, 140, 185 -194.
AMA StyleMaliata Athon Wanga, Hussein Shimelis, Jacob Mashilo, Mark D. Laing. Opportunities and challenges of speed breeding: A review. Plant Breeding. 2021; 140 (2):185-194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaliata Athon Wanga; Hussein Shimelis; Jacob Mashilo; Mark D. Laing. 2021. "Opportunities and challenges of speed breeding: A review." Plant Breeding 140, no. 2: 185-194.
The extent of phenotypic variation among Sesame germplasm influences the expression of economic traits and the response to selection. The objective of this study was to determine the variance components, heritability (H2) and association of seed and oil yield‐related traits in Ethiopian sesame germplasm to guide breeding. One hundred sesame germplasm were evaluated under field conditions in two locations in a 10 x 10 lattice design with two replications. The findings revealed higher genotypic coefficient of variation, H2, and genetic advance for number of primary branches (NPB), number of secondary branches (NSB), thousand seed weight (TSW), seed yield per hectare (SYH) and oil yield per hectare (OYH), suggesting high genetic gains can be achieved through selection. Higher direct effects of OYH and NSPC were recorded on SYH, while SYH, NCPP and TSW had higher direct effect on OYH. The genotypes Hirhir Kebabo Hairless‐9, Setit‐3, Orofalc ACC‐2, Hirhir Humera Sel‐6, Setit‐1 and ACC‐NS‐007(2) were found superior and the selected genotypes should promote for further field stability evaluation, which might be utilized in future sesame breeding programmes and production.
Desawi H. Teklu; Hussein Shimelis; Abush Tesfaye; Jacob Mashilo. Genetic diversity and association of yield‐related traits in sesame. Plant Breeding 2021, 140, 331 -341.
AMA StyleDesawi H. Teklu, Hussein Shimelis, Abush Tesfaye, Jacob Mashilo. Genetic diversity and association of yield‐related traits in sesame. Plant Breeding. 2021; 140 (2):331-341.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDesawi H. Teklu; Hussein Shimelis; Abush Tesfaye; Jacob Mashilo. 2021. "Genetic diversity and association of yield‐related traits in sesame." Plant Breeding 140, no. 2: 331-341.
The aim of this study was to assess the extent of genetic diversity among and within tef populations collected from acid-affected soils in Ethiopia, and to test the cross-amplification of markers linked to Al-toxicity tolerance in other cereals. Forty-two tef genotypes were studied using 33 highly polymorphic SSRs. About 55% of the amplified putative alleles were effective in discriminating the genotypes. The mean PIC value was 0.66, suggesting that the majority of the markers had high discriminatory power. The population structure analysis revealed the presence of two genetically distinct populations and clearly distinguished landraces from the rest. A significant difference in genetic diversity parameters was observed between the two inferred populations. The landraces consistently had higher values for all of the diversity parameters and had contrastingly a higher value of private alleles. The AMOVA showed highly significant (P = 0.001) genetic variation among tef populations and among genotypes, with variance contribution of 17% and 67%, respectively. Eighty-two percent of the Al-toxicity tolerance markers amplified 84 alleles. This finding suggests the possibility of in-situ preservation of rare alleles that may confer acid tolerance through the improvement of available landraces in acid affected soils. Thus, urgent efforts are needed to collect accessions from areas with acid-affected soils.
Ermias Abate; Hussein Shimelis; Assefa Amelework; Fentahun Mengistu; Mark Laing. Genetic diversity of Eragrostis tef accessions collected from acid soil-affected areas and cross-amplification of SSR markers linked to Al-toxicity tolerance in cereals. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science 2021, 71, 324 -335.
AMA StyleErmias Abate, Hussein Shimelis, Assefa Amelework, Fentahun Mengistu, Mark Laing. Genetic diversity of Eragrostis tef accessions collected from acid soil-affected areas and cross-amplification of SSR markers linked to Al-toxicity tolerance in cereals. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science. 2021; 71 (5):324-335.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErmias Abate; Hussein Shimelis; Assefa Amelework; Fentahun Mengistu; Mark Laing. 2021. "Genetic diversity of Eragrostis tef accessions collected from acid soil-affected areas and cross-amplification of SSR markers linked to Al-toxicity tolerance in cereals." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science 71, no. 5: 324-335.
Background Ethiopia is one of the centres of genetic diversity of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The sesame genetic resources present in the country should be explored for local, regional and international sesame improvement programs to design high performing and market preferred varieties. This study's objectives were to determine the extent of genetic variation among 100 diverse cultivated sesame germplasm collections of Ethiopia using phenotypic traits and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to select distinct and complementary specimens for breeding. One-hundred sesame entries were field evaluated at two locations in Ethiopia for agro-morphological traits and seed oil content using a 10 × 10 lattice design with two replications. Test specimens were profiled using 27 selected polymorphic SSR markers. Results The analysis of variance revealed significant (P ≤ 0.05) entry by environment interaction for plant height, internode length, number of secondary branches, and seed yield. Genotypes such as Hirhir Kebabo Hairless-9, Setit-3, Orofalc ACC-2, Hirhir Humera Sel-6, ABX=2-01-2, and Setit-1 recorded higher grain yield of > 0.73 ton ha-1 with excellent performance in yield component such as oil and seed yield per hectare. Seed yield had positive and significant (p < 0.01) associations with oil yield (r = 0.99) useful for simultaneous selection for yield improvement in sesame. The SSR markers revealed gene diversity and polymorphic information content of 0.30 and 0.25, respectively, showing that the tested sesame accessions were genetically diverse. Cluster analysis resolved the accessions into two groups, while population structure analysis revealed four major heterotic groups, this enabling selection and subsequent crosses to develop breeding populations for cultivar development.Conclusions Based on phenotypic and genomic divergence, the following complementary specimens were selected: Hirhir Humera Sel-6, Setit-3, Hirhir Kebabo Hairless Sel-4, Hirhir Nigara 1st Sel-1, Humera-1 and Hirhir Kebabo Early Sel-1 (from cluster II-a), Hirhir kebabo hairless-9, NN-0029(2), NN0068-2 and Bawnji Fiyel Kolet, (from cluster II-b). The selected genetic resources are recommended for use in sesame production and breeding programs in Ethiopia.
Desawi Hdru Teklu; Hussein Shimelis; Abush Tesfaye; Jacob Mashilo; Xiurong Zhang; Yanxin Zhang; Komivi Dossa; Admire Shayanowako. Genetic Variability and Population Structure of Ethiopian Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Germplasm Assessed Through Phenotypic Traits and Simple Sequence Repeats Markers. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleDesawi Hdru Teklu, Hussein Shimelis, Abush Tesfaye, Jacob Mashilo, Xiurong Zhang, Yanxin Zhang, Komivi Dossa, Admire Shayanowako. Genetic Variability and Population Structure of Ethiopian Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Germplasm Assessed Through Phenotypic Traits and Simple Sequence Repeats Markers. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDesawi Hdru Teklu; Hussein Shimelis; Abush Tesfaye; Jacob Mashilo; Xiurong Zhang; Yanxin Zhang; Komivi Dossa; Admire Shayanowako. 2021. "Genetic Variability and Population Structure of Ethiopian Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Germplasm Assessed Through Phenotypic Traits and Simple Sequence Repeats Markers." , no. : 1.
Rice (Oryza species) is a commercial crop worldwide. Across Africa, the potential yield and quality of rice is diminished by a lack of high performance, locally adapted varieties, and the impact of rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV). The objective of this study was to assess the performance of a diverse collection of rice germplasm for RYMV resistance and agronomic traits, and to select promising lines for breeding for Tanzanian conditions. Fifty-four rice genotypes were field evaluated in two important rice production sites (Ifakara and Mkindo) in Tanzania, which are recognized as RYMV hotspots, using a 6 × 9 alpha lattice design with two replications. There was significant (p < 0.05) genotypic variation for agronomic traits and RYMV susceptibility in the tested germplasm. Seven genotypes with moderate to high RYMV resistance were identified, including Salama M-57, SSD1, IRAT 256, Salama M-55, Mwangaza, Lunyuki, and Salama M-19, which were identified as new sources of resistance genes. Positive and significant correlations were detected between grain yield and number of panicles per plant (NPP), panicle length (PL), number of grains per panicle (NGP), percentage-filled grains (PFG), and thousand-grain weight (TGW), which are useful traits for simultaneous selection for rice yield improvement. A principal component analysis allocated five principal components, accounting for 79.88% of the total variation present in the assessed germplasm collection. Traits that contributed most to variability included NPP, number of tillers/plant (NT), PL, grain yield (GY), and days to 50% flowering (DFL). The genotypes Rangimbili, Gigante, and SARO possess complementary agronomic traits and RYMV resistance, and can be recommended for further evaluation, genetic analysis, and breeding.
William Suvi; Hussein Shimelis; Mark Laing; Isack Mathew; Admire Shayanowako. Variation among Tanzania Rice Germplasm Collections Based on Agronomic Traits and Resistance to Rice Yellow Mottle Virus. Agronomy 2021, 11, 391 .
AMA StyleWilliam Suvi, Hussein Shimelis, Mark Laing, Isack Mathew, Admire Shayanowako. Variation among Tanzania Rice Germplasm Collections Based on Agronomic Traits and Resistance to Rice Yellow Mottle Virus. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (2):391.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWilliam Suvi; Hussein Shimelis; Mark Laing; Isack Mathew; Admire Shayanowako. 2021. "Variation among Tanzania Rice Germplasm Collections Based on Agronomic Traits and Resistance to Rice Yellow Mottle Virus." Agronomy 11, no. 2: 391.
Recurrent drought is the main factor limiting groundnut yield, oil and fodder quality. Breeding and deployment of drought tolerant and high yielding genotypes with quality attributes is essential to meet the requirements of the food and feed sectors. The objective of this study was to determine drought tolerance, kernel and fodder yield and quality amongst diverse groundnut genotypes for direct production or breeding. Hundred genotypes were evaluated at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)/India during 2018/19 and 2019/20 under drought‐stressed (DS) and non‐stressed (NS) conditions using a 10×10 alpha lattice design with two replications. Data were collected on kernel yield (KY), oil content (OC), oil yield (OY), protein content (PC), palmitic acid content (PAC), stearic acid content (SAC), oleic acid content (OAC) and linoleic acid content (LAC), haulm yield (HY) and fodder quality parameters such as the contents of dry matter (DM), ash, nitrogen (NC), neutral detergent fiber (NDFDM), acid detergent fiber (ADFDM), acid detergent lignin (ADLDM), in vitro digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolizable energy (ME). Data were subjected to parametric and non‐parametric statistical analyses. Combined analysis of variance revealed significant (P< 0.05) genotype differences for all assessed traits. Genotype × water regime interaction effects were significant for KY, OC, ash, NC, NDFDM and ADLDM. Kernel yield positively and significantly (P<0.05) correlated with oil yield (r = 0.99), LAC (r = 0.13), ash (r = 0.32), NDFDM (r = 0.54) under DS condition. Haulm yield was positively and significantly (P<0.05) correlated with OC (r = 0.24), NDFDM (r = 0.19), ADFDM (r = 0.18) and ADLDM (r = 0.17) under DS condition. Cluster analysis grouped the test genotypes into 12 distinct genetic groups. The study identified four genotypes with high kernel and haulm yields, and six genotypes with high oleic acid content. Further, 10 genotypes were selected with relatively better drought tolerance. The selected genotypes are recommended for further breeding and variety release adapted to drought conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Seltene Abadya; Hussein Shimelis; Janila Pasupuleti; Jacob Mashilo; Sunil Chaudhari; Surendra S. Manohar. Assessment of the genetic diversity of groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes for kernel yield, oil and fodder quantity and quality under drought conditions. Crop Science 2021, 61, 1926 -1943.
AMA StyleSeltene Abadya, Hussein Shimelis, Janila Pasupuleti, Jacob Mashilo, Sunil Chaudhari, Surendra S. Manohar. Assessment of the genetic diversity of groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes for kernel yield, oil and fodder quantity and quality under drought conditions. Crop Science. 2021; 61 (3):1926-1943.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeltene Abadya; Hussein Shimelis; Janila Pasupuleti; Jacob Mashilo; Sunil Chaudhari; Surendra S. Manohar. 2021. "Assessment of the genetic diversity of groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes for kernel yield, oil and fodder quantity and quality under drought conditions." Crop Science 61, no. 3: 1926-1943.
Genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) analysis is fundamental in crop improvement programmes to guide selection and for recommendation of high performing and stable genotypes for breeding or production. The objectives of this study were to quantify the GEI effects and determine grain yield stability among diverse pigeonpea genotypes to select candidate lines for breeding in Malawi. Eighty-one pigeonpea genotypes were tested under six environments using a 9 × 9 alpha-lattice design with two replications. Data collected were subjected to additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis and genotype plus genotype-by-environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis. Genotype, environment, and genotype × environment interaction (GEI) accounted for 16.4, 33.5, and 49.6%, respectively, of the total variation for grain yield. The test environments were delineated into three mega-environments, based on site and seasonal variability. The AMMI and GGE analyses indicated that the top-yielding and stable genotypes across the test environments were MWPLR 24, ICEAP 01155, MWPLR 14, TZA 5582, and MWPLR 4. The selected genotypes are recommended as parental lines for grain yield improvement in Malawi or similar agro-ecologies.
Esnart Nyirenda Yohane; Hussein Shimelis; Mark Laing; Isack Mathew; Admire Shayanowako. Genotype-by-environment interaction and stability analyses of grain yield in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science 2021, 1 -11.
AMA StyleEsnart Nyirenda Yohane, Hussein Shimelis, Mark Laing, Isack Mathew, Admire Shayanowako. Genotype-by-environment interaction and stability analyses of grain yield in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science. 2021; ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsnart Nyirenda Yohane; Hussein Shimelis; Mark Laing; Isack Mathew; Admire Shayanowako. 2021. "Genotype-by-environment interaction and stability analyses of grain yield in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science , no. : 1-11.
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) is high-valued vegetable and oil crop serving the food, pharmaceutical, paper and oil industry. The production of okra in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and globally are hindered by a lack of improved cultivars with drought tolerance. Considerable phenotypic and genotypic variation present in okra genetic resources from SSA is useful for cultivar design with enhanced pod and oil yields, and drought tolerance. However, the genetic diversity present in SSA's okra germplasm collection is yet to be explored for breeding targeting economic and horticultural traits. The objective of this review was to document the research progresses on phenotypic and genotypic divergence analysis and drought tolerance breeding of okra to facilitate breeding and conservation. The review presented the diversity of okra for key agronomic, horticultural and physiological traits for ideotype breeding, gene introgression and drought tolerance improvement. This is followed by key summaries on genetic diversity using conventional and genomic tools, and use of genetic variation in selection programs involving drought-adaptive and economic traits. The review serves as a baseline information to guide future okra breeding and cultivar design under water limited environments in SSA or related agro-ecologies.
Sonto Silindile Mkhabela; Hussein Shimelis; Abe Shegro Gerrano; Jacob Mashilo. Phenotypic and genotypic divergence in Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] and implications for drought tolerance breeding: A review. South African Journal of Botany 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleSonto Silindile Mkhabela, Hussein Shimelis, Abe Shegro Gerrano, Jacob Mashilo. Phenotypic and genotypic divergence in Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] and implications for drought tolerance breeding: A review. South African Journal of Botany. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSonto Silindile Mkhabela; Hussein Shimelis; Abe Shegro Gerrano; Jacob Mashilo. 2021. "Phenotypic and genotypic divergence in Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] and implications for drought tolerance breeding: A review." South African Journal of Botany , no. : 1.
Citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) is a multi-purpose cucurbit crop serving the food, feed and the pharmaceutical sectors. The fresh and dried young leaves, fruit and seed are sources of vital human nutrients, and unique phytochemical compounds with pharmacological and therapeutic values. Citron watermelon is indigenous to Africa but commercial products are not widely developed and the crop is largely neglected and underutilized in the region. This is attributed to lack of dedicated research and development efforts and well-defined value chains for citron watermelon genetic resources. The objective of this review was to document the nutritional and phytochemical compositions, pharmacological and therapeutic values of citron watermelon to aid future production, utilization, genetic conservation, research and product development. The review serves as a foundation information on the unique values of citron watermelon to guide future research and development. It recommends collaborative and detailed biochemical analysis efforts for product discovery and optimal use of health-promoting bioactive compounds using the diverse genetic resources available in Africa and elsewhere. This will enhance the commercial value and benefit sharing from citron watermelon in the horticulture, food and pharmaceutical industry.
Dominic Karane Nkoana; Jacob Mashilo; Hussein Shimelis; Richard Mantlo Ngwepe. Nutritional, phytochemical compositions and natural therapeutic values of citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides): A Review. South African Journal of Botany 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleDominic Karane Nkoana, Jacob Mashilo, Hussein Shimelis, Richard Mantlo Ngwepe. Nutritional, phytochemical compositions and natural therapeutic values of citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides): A Review. South African Journal of Botany. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDominic Karane Nkoana; Jacob Mashilo; Hussein Shimelis; Richard Mantlo Ngwepe. 2021. "Nutritional, phytochemical compositions and natural therapeutic values of citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides): A Review." South African Journal of Botany , no. : 1.