Antibiotic resistance against present antibiotics is rising at an alarming rate with need for discovery of advanced methods to treat infections caused by resistant pathogens. Silver nanoparticles are known to exhibit satisfactory antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against different pathogens. In the present study, the AgNPs were synthesized chemically and characterized by UV‐Visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. Antibacterial activity against MDR K. pneumoniae strains was evaluated by agar diffusion and broth microdilution assay. Cellular protein leakage was determined by the Bradford assay. The effect of AgNPs on production on extracellular polymeric substances was evaluated. Biofilm formation was assessed by tube method qualitatively and quantitatively by the microtiter plate assay. The cytotoxic potential of AgNPs on HeLa cell lines was also determined. AgNPs exhibited an MIC of 62.5 and 125 μg/ml, while their MBC is 250 and 500 μg/ml. The production of extracellular polymeric substance decreased after AgNP treatment while cellular protein leakage increased due to higher rates of cellular membrane disruption by AgNPs. The percentage biofilm inhibition was evaluated to be 64% for K. pneumoniae strain MF953600 and 86% for MF953599 at AgNP concentration of 100 μg/ml. AgNPs were evaluated to be minimally cytotoxic and safe at concentrations of 15‐120 μg/ml. The data evaluated by this study provided evidence of AgNPs being safe antibacterial and antibiofilm compounds against MDR K. pneumoniae.

Global production of synthetic polymers such as plastics is nearly 390 million tons/year, which is creating enormous challenges on a number of frontiers including environment, sustainable development and health. The non-degradability of plastics and petrochemical-based polymers is a huge environmental crisis despite being an industry with billions of dollars share in global economy. Water pollution due to synthetic plastics and related products is evident from the fact that 7 million tons of land based plastic debris enters oceans and water bodies annually endangering the sea life which is not only a concern for the aquatic environment but also for the sea food industry and eventually to human health. Eco-friendly and sustainable polymers from a number of living organisms can be used as an alternative to synthetic polymers. Biopolymers such as starch, cellulose, pectin, keratin, chitin, gelatin and polyhydroxyalkanoates can be obtained from natural biomass sources. All these biopolymers exhibit suitable physiochemical, thermal and mechanical properties that make them suitable for the production of bioplastics that are biobased and biodegradable in nature. Use of biopolymers is not limited to bioplastics but ranges from sustainable production of other products such as bio-implants, biofuels, and medicinal products. In this review, we have discussed comprehensively about the sources of biopolymers, their extraction and purification methods and the reasons that make them efficient biopolymers for the environment.