As residential environment science advances, the environmental quality of outdoor microclimates has aroused increasing attention of scholars majoring in urban climate and built environments. Taking the microclimate of a traditional residential area in a severe cold city as the study object, this study explored the influence of spatial geometry factors on the microclimate of streets and courtyards by field measurements, then compared the differences in microclimate of distinct public spaces. The results are as follows. (1) The temperature of a NE-SW (Northeast-Southwest) oriented street was higher than that of a NW-SE (Northwest-Southeast) oriented street in both summer and winter, with an average temperature difference of 0.7–1.4 °C. The wind speeds in the latter street were slower, and the difference in average wind speed was 0.2 m/s. (2) In the street with a higher green coverage ratio, the temperature was much lower, a difference that was more obvious in summer. The difference in mean temperature was up to 1.2 °C. The difference in wind speed between the two streets was not obvious in winter, whereas the wind speed in summer was significantly lower for the street with a higher green coverage ratio, and the difference in average wind speed was 0.7 m/s. (3) The courtyards with higher SVF (sky view factor) had higher wind speeds in winter and summer, and the courtyards with larger SVF values had higher temperatures in summer, with an average temperature difference of 0.4 °C. (4) When the spaces had the same SVF values and green coverage ratios, the temperature of the street and courtyard were very similar, in both winter and summer. The wind speed of the street was significantly higher than the courtyard in summer, and the wind speed difference was 0.4 m/s.

The physiological response during interval exercise and its significance in determining thermal perception remain unclear. There is a paucity of quick and convenient thermal perception assessment methods in exercisers, which impedes the advancement of real-time thermal perception evaluation in exercise spaces. In this study, five thermal conditions were set up in a thermal chamber to simulate the thermal environment of a cold region and evaluate the dynamic physiological responses during interval exercise and their effect on temperature perception.The results showed that heart rate, sweat feeling index, and heat storage rate values were in line with thermal sensation dynamics. The calf’s skin temperature had the strongest correlation with thermal perception among the other skin temperatures. While heart rate was tightly linked to metabolic heat production, the calf’s skin temperature was affected by both exercise intensity and ambient temperature, which are directly related to thermal perception during interval exercise, and these two physiological can be tracked in real-time with portable devices. A model for predicting thermal perception was developed based on heart rate and the skin temperature of the calf, and the explanation rate was 89.8%.