In multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), sensor nodes which cannot communicate directly with the Coordinator Node(CN) can communicate with CN thanks to the other joined sensor nodes. The multi-hop WSN structure is preferred for large-scale WSNs and that consist of multiple sensor and CN.As in the networks sensor node count increase, hop count increase as well. Because of this, end-to-end delay increases. Unless it is taken prevention, end-to-end delays reach a level that negatively effects on network performance in multi-hop WSN. In this study, for multi-hop WSNs, it is aimed to design a new a relay-priority mechanism which will reduce the end-to-end delay. This is a method that will reach the CN with a minimum hop count while joining the node. Thanks to the minimum hop, end-to-end delay is reduced. Performance analysis of this study was done in Riverbed (OPNET) Modeler simulation environment.

Recently, the increase in network-connected devices and the ability to run every application over the web has made web application security an issue that needs to be seriously considered. Although firewall solutions are used to protect networked systems and users, it seems that they are insufficient to ensure application security, especially in today's conditions. In this context, WAF (Web Application Firewall) systems have been developed and continue to be developed, especially to ensure the security of web applications. While the firewall filters traffic at the network layer, which is a lower layer, WAF protects at the application layer closest to the user. Network administrators intensively use WAF applications and the systems they create with new technologies integrated into these applications in order to maximize security. In this study, the WAF application, which is used together with Laravel, File2ban and Postgresql, is discussed, which we compiled and ran to protect the corporate network we manage from attacks and application vulnerabilities. In addition, it is thought that this study will guide other researchers working in this field and aims to open doors to produce more effective solutions.

The Yeşilyurt Fault (YF) is an approximately 70 km long, NE–SW-trending, left-lateral strike-slip fault located in eastern Türkiye and constitutes a major structural element for assessing regional seismic hazard in Malatya Province. This study integrates multiple morphometric indices to quantitatively evaluate the spatial variability of tectonic activity along the YF and its associated drainage basins. Morphometric analyses were performed using mountain-front sinuosity (Smf), valley floor width–valley height ratio (Vf), hypsometric curves (HC) and hypsometric integrals (HI), asymmetry factor (AF), and stream length–gradient index (SL). These indices were applied to drainage basins distributed along four fault segments (S1–S4) to assess relative tectonic activity, uplift, basin tilting, and landscape evolution. Additionally, empirical fault length–magnitude relationships were used to estimate the seismic potential of individual segments and the entire fault zone. The results indicate that the S1, S2, and S3 segments are characterized by moderate to relatively high tectonic activity, reflected by moderate Smf and Vf values, elevated SL indices, and uplift rates ranging from 0.05 to 0.5 mm/yr. In contrast, the S4 segment exhibits comparatively lower tectonic activity, with uplift rates below 0.05 mm/yr, likely influenced by enhanced erosional processes and extensive alluvial fan development. Hypsometric analyses reveal pronounced spatial variability in basin evolution, ranging from youthful to mature and old geomorphic stages, while AF results indicate that approximately 80% of the drainage basins display asymmetric geometries, suggesting active tectonic tilting. The calculated relative tectonic activity (Iat) indices further confirm that the S1, S2, and S3 segments exhibit high tectonic activity, whereas the S4 segment is characterized by moderate activity. The occurrence of the Mw 6.0 earthquake on 6 October 2024 confirms the present-day activity of the YF, and when integrated with morphometric results and empirical estimates indicating a potential Mw ~7.2 earthquake in the case of full-fault rupture, the YF represents a significant seismic hazard for the region.

In this article, an advanced environmental monitoring and management automation system, developed using the Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller and capable of real-time processing of data from multiple sensors, is presented. The designed system is able to conduct detailed analyses of energy consumption and through integrated dynamic alert mechanisms, can automatically respond to critical situations. Additionally, the system possesses the capacity to maintain uninterrupted operation during extraordinary circumstances such as power outages or internet disconnections, thanks to its internal power supply and data backup features. Adopting a novel approach, the physical design of the device has been optimized for production via 3D printing, enabling individual users or small-scale manufacturers to implement this automation solution cost-effectively and flexibly. This study aims to address gaps in the current literature by offering a comprehensive and practical example of an environmental monitoring automation system, thereby bridging the gap between theoretical frameworks and real-world applications.