In the present study, we fabricated a 3 × 3 colorimetric sensor array using nanomaterials/dyes as sensing dots to discriminate 8 commercial baijiu samples. Sensing dots can cross-respond to baijiu samples, enabling color changes of the sensor array and subsequently providing special fingerprints. Eight baijiu samples were successfully discriminated using principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) without misclassification. A radial basis function neural network (RBFN) was employed to determine the fitting relationship between the predicted samples and the actual samples. From all the evidence, we draw the conclusion that this 3 × 3 NP-dye colorimetric discrimination system can perform successful distinction of baijiu. Moreover, a separation tendency of different baijiu samples was shown via alcoholic-strength (38° and 52°) without detection of alcoholic-strength. This effort may benefit quality control of baijiu in the market and in mass-production in the factory.

Realizing discrimination and detection of organic acids and using this to achieve classification of Baijiu has great practical significance. Three kinds of QDs were selected to construct a fluorescent sensor array for detecting and discriminating organic acids and Baijiu.

The beverage industry is in the market tuyere, and grasps the lifeline of the social economy, so it is particularly vital to supervise it. Herein, we report a minimalist fluorescence metal–organic framework (MOF) sensor array for Baijiu identification. The original MOF was modified by rare-earth elements to obtain Eu-MOFs and Tb-MOFs. They exhibited multiple fluorescence characteristic peaks in the range of 400–700 nm when excited at 325 nm. The organic molecules in the Baijiu reacted with Eu-MOF and Tb-MOF, affecting the energy transfer of the entire system and the electronic transition of Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺, which were accompanied by various changes in the fluorescence intensity. For each analyte, a unique fluorescence fingerprint and heat map would be formed, which could be discriminated by pattern recognition. With this method, 11 kinds of organic molecules were identified accurately. A good stepwise bilinear function between the fluorescence intensity and concentrations of ferulic acid was obtained at 0.2–3.13 μM and 6.25–100 μM. Crucially, 16 kinds of Baijius of different brands were accurately identified with an accuracy of 100%. The sensor array showed the advantages of strong maneuverability and fast response, exhibiting good application value in Baijiu detection.

A right-side-out orientated self-assembly of cell membrane-camouflaged nanotherapeutics is crucial for ensuring their biological functionality inherited from the source cells. In this study, a universal and spontaneous right-side-out coupling-driven ROS-responsive nanotherapeutic approach, based on the intrinsic affinity between phosphatidylserine (PS) on the inner leaflet and PS-targeted peptide modified nanoparticles, has been developed to target foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Considering the increased osteopontin (OPN) secretion from foam cells in plaques, a bioengineered cell membrane (OEM) with an overexpression of integrin α9β1 is integrated with ROS-cleavable prodrugs, OEM-coated ETBNPs (OEM-ETBNPs), to enhance targeted drug delivery and on-demand drug release in the local lesion of atherosclerosis. Both in vitro and in vivo experimental results confirm that OEM-ETBNPs are able to inhibit cellular lipid uptake and simultaneously promote intracellular lipid efflux, regulating the positive cellular phenotypic conversion. This finding offers a versatile platform for the biomedical applications of universal cell membrane camouflaging biomimetic nanotechnology.

Simultaneous detection of multiple targets can provide important data support for clinical diagnosis and treatment.