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The objective of the article is to present the compensation plan and the possibilities resulting from cooperation with FM World. The study provides the characteristics of the market economy compensation system, especially the functions, goals and traditional compensation forms as well as the essence of the key motivation theories for organization management and the characteristics of the most important ones. The term Multi-Level Marketing (network marketing) is discussed, especially the nature of that sector, controversies and possibilities. The company, FM World, is covered, especially the information on the products distributed and services. The compensation plan and the incentive programme offer applied in the company are provided in detail. The study involved the use of a diagnostic survey. The group of respondents included 107 FM World distributors and cooperants with the Rentierzy.FM structure. The level of satisfaction of the respondents with the cooperation and the compensation plan offered are investigated; satisfaction with the incentive programmes available and the perspectives of further cooperation with the company were determined.
Michał Roman; Marta Wasiak; Monika Roman; Kamil Roman; Arkadiusz Niedziółka; Andrzej Krasnodębski; Sylwia Królak. Essence of the Compensation Plan in the Process of Motivation in Multi-Level Marketing (MLM). A Case Study. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8738 .
AMA StyleMichał Roman, Marta Wasiak, Monika Roman, Kamil Roman, Arkadiusz Niedziółka, Andrzej Krasnodębski, Sylwia Królak. Essence of the Compensation Plan in the Process of Motivation in Multi-Level Marketing (MLM). A Case Study. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8738.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichał Roman; Marta Wasiak; Monika Roman; Kamil Roman; Arkadiusz Niedziółka; Andrzej Krasnodębski; Sylwia Królak. 2021. "Essence of the Compensation Plan in the Process of Motivation in Multi-Level Marketing (MLM). A Case Study." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8738.
This article presents the device and the principle of operation of forage grain crushers that use the centrifugal force of inertia to supply the working bodies—which occurs as a result of rotation of the rotor with a vertical axis. The results of some tests of machines working on this principle have been characterized. Attention is drawn to the disadvantages of most research works, namely the lack of premises for creating shredders of this class with a wide range of performance. The aim of this work is to establish the relationship between the design and technological parameters for the operation of a centrifugal-rotary shredder using the theory of similarity and a dimensional analysis. Moreover, the experimental data show an empirical relationship when calculating the efficiency for the shredder model considered above. By applying the similarity criteria, dimensionless complexes were obtained, which allow to determine the significance of the parameters selected at the initial stage for the efficiency of the shredder. The novelty of this research is the application of the theory of similarity and the use of dimensional analysis, which allowed for scaling the results of the experimental data and obtaining a centrifugal-rotary shredder with higher efficiency, while maintaining the quality of the obtained product. This technique indicates the energy costs of the grinding process, which can be used to select the ratio of parameters in the shredder that would ensure that a minimum amount of energy is consumed.
Wacław Romaniuk; Petr Savinykh; Kinga Borek; Kamil Roman; Alexey Isupov; Aleksandr Moshonkin; Grzegorz Wałowski; Michał Roman. The Application of Similarity Theory and Dimensional Analysis to the Study of Centrifugal-Rotary Chopper of Forage Grain. Energies 2021, 14, 4501 .
AMA StyleWacław Romaniuk, Petr Savinykh, Kinga Borek, Kamil Roman, Alexey Isupov, Aleksandr Moshonkin, Grzegorz Wałowski, Michał Roman. The Application of Similarity Theory and Dimensional Analysis to the Study of Centrifugal-Rotary Chopper of Forage Grain. Energies. 2021; 14 (15):4501.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWacław Romaniuk; Petr Savinykh; Kinga Borek; Kamil Roman; Alexey Isupov; Aleksandr Moshonkin; Grzegorz Wałowski; Michał Roman. 2021. "The Application of Similarity Theory and Dimensional Analysis to the Study of Centrifugal-Rotary Chopper of Forage Grain." Energies 14, no. 15: 4501.
This article presents how selected factors related to forest biomass affect enterprise development in rural areas. The study used a multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), as well as the AHP operational research method. The following factors were selected for analysis: conifer timber harvesting, sales of renewable fuel in the form of briquettes to selected customers, and the number of the given company’s regular customers. Their selection was determined by the fact that using plant material for energy purposes has become significantly more popular in recent years. This particularly includes forest biomass, which is increasingly used as an energy commodity in the Polish heating industry. Forest biomass is a biodegradable raw material generated in the form of waste during wood production and processing, as well as during sanitation cutting. The study was conducted using a diagnostic survey method with a survey questionnaire in the first quarter of 2020. It included 614 owners of small and medium-sized enterprises operating in various rural areas across all of Poland’s voivodeships. The study was conducted using the CATI method. Analyses defining the dependence of specific factors on the examined parameters and supporting the priority nature of the given actions may show the development of particular pro-ecological actions in a given area. In one case, the critical level of significance determining the assignment of the analyzed factor to a specific homogeneous group was below 0.05. This means that there was a correlation between the sales of renewable fuel in the form of briquettes to selected customers and the number of enterprises in the voivodeship. Therefore, due to the sales of renewable fuel in the form of briquettes to selected customers, the greatest development prospects for wood industry companies existed in the Małopolskie, Mazowieckie, Śląskie and Wielkopolskie Voivodeships.
Kamil Roman; Michał Roman; Monika Wojcieszak-Zbierska; Monika Roman. Obtaining Forest Biomass for Energy Purposes as an Enterprise Development Factor in Rural Areas. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 5753 .
AMA StyleKamil Roman, Michał Roman, Monika Wojcieszak-Zbierska, Monika Roman. Obtaining Forest Biomass for Energy Purposes as an Enterprise Development Factor in Rural Areas. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (12):5753.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKamil Roman; Michał Roman; Monika Wojcieszak-Zbierska; Monika Roman. 2021. "Obtaining Forest Biomass for Energy Purposes as an Enterprise Development Factor in Rural Areas." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12: 5753.
The article discusses the issues of increasing the energy efficiency of processing agricultural waste in a gas generator. The main goal of this technological process is the production of gas fuel from agricultural waste. This fuel is generator gas. The energy value or calorific value of the generator gas depends on the elementary composition of the solid fuel being processed (straw, animal droppings, peat, wood, carbon-containing industrial waste, etc.) and also on the conditions under which chemical reactions take place in the gas generator. In order to improve the gas generator technology, some innovative technical solutions have been proposed. The solutions are related to controlling the supply of the oxidizer (atmospheric air) to the reaction zone of the gas generator, to recuperate the thermal energy of the gas generator and the combined combustion engine of the power plant for the needs of the gasification process. The solutions are also related to the use of compensation and accumulation systems for supplying the consumer with generator gas and to the spatial positioning of the gas generator housing. The control mode of the oxidizer supply to the reaction zone of the gas generator was also investigated. The analysis of the experimental material allows us to draw a conclusion about the positive effect of control modes on the energy value of the generator gas at non-nominal consumption of generator gas by the consumer. This is a consequence of the optimization of the flow speed of the oxidant from the blowing nozzles of the gas generator. According to the tests of the chemical composition of generator gas in gas generator, depending on the number of electromagnetic valves operating, the largest CO content (approx. 17%) was with five valves, CO2 (approx. 5%) with the lower number of valves, and the O2 was with the highest number of valves. The pressure gauge (discharge in gas generator) was the biggest, according to the lower number of valves. The biggest gas consumption was approx. 6 m3/h.
Wacław Romaniuk; Piotr Savinykh; Kinga Borek; Yulia Plotnikowa; Andriej Palitsyn; Aleksandr Korotkov; Kamil Roman; Michał Roman. Improvement of Gas Generator Technology for Energy Processing of Agricultural Waste. Energies 2021, 14, 3642 .
AMA StyleWacław Romaniuk, Piotr Savinykh, Kinga Borek, Yulia Plotnikowa, Andriej Palitsyn, Aleksandr Korotkov, Kamil Roman, Michał Roman. Improvement of Gas Generator Technology for Energy Processing of Agricultural Waste. Energies. 2021; 14 (12):3642.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWacław Romaniuk; Piotr Savinykh; Kinga Borek; Yulia Plotnikowa; Andriej Palitsyn; Aleksandr Korotkov; Kamil Roman; Michał Roman. 2021. "Improvement of Gas Generator Technology for Energy Processing of Agricultural Waste." Energies 14, no. 12: 3642.
The aim of this study was the investigation of the effect of growth conditions of energy willow (Salix viminalis L.) on its physical and chemical parameters towards lignocellulosic biofuels. This work is linked to the global trend of replacing fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) with energy and renewable fuels. This energy transition is dictated by the reduction of the human-induced greenhouse effect (to the greatest extent by industrial development). Changing from traditional to renewable energy sources results in industry becoming less dependent on fuels whose sources are beginning to run out, and in energy processing being broken down into smaller sectors with greater flexibility to change and less susceptibility to failure. The use of lignocellulosic raw materials such as wood, straw, food industry waste, wood, and post-consumer products such as old furniture for energy purposes allows the use of substances which bind the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide in their cellular structure during growth. In order to optimise the costs of producing such energy and minimise its impact on the environment, these plants should be located as close as possible to the source of raw materials. One of the most important characteristics for the profitability of energy production from woody biomass is a high biomass yield. For this purpose, the raw material used for this study was energy willow (Salix viminalis L.) seedlings, which are often used for energy crops. Due to the moisture-loving nature of the substrate, the effect of the addition of the active substance prednisonum as a catalyst for water adsorption from the substrate was investigated. In order to determine the substances formed during the thermal decomposition of energy willow (Salix viminalis L.) wood, a pyrolysis process was carried out at 450 °C using pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (PY/GC-MS).
Kamil Roman; Michał Roman; Dominika Szadkowska; Jan Szadkowski; Emilia Grzegorzewska. Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Parameters According to Energetic Willow (Salix viminalis L.) Cultivation. Energies 2021, 14, 2968 .
AMA StyleKamil Roman, Michał Roman, Dominika Szadkowska, Jan Szadkowski, Emilia Grzegorzewska. Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Parameters According to Energetic Willow (Salix viminalis L.) Cultivation. Energies. 2021; 14 (10):2968.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKamil Roman; Michał Roman; Dominika Szadkowska; Jan Szadkowski; Emilia Grzegorzewska. 2021. "Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Parameters According to Energetic Willow (Salix viminalis L.) Cultivation." Energies 14, no. 10: 2968.
The article aims to present the essence of agritourism in the literature regarding the subject of its profitability during the COVID-19 pandemic. To verify the goal, data from our own research was applied. The research was conducted in 2019 and 2020 with the exploratory survey method and an interview questionnaire. Thirty-two service providers running agritourism activities in randomly selected rural communes of the Podlaskie province (communes of Mielnik, Suchowola, Giby, Płaska, and Hajnówka) participated in the study. The Ward cluster analysis method was used to group the counties of the Podlaskie Province in terms of spatial differentiation in the development of agritourism. For this purpose, data provided by the Central Statistical Authority in Poland reported for 2019 and the primary data (research by M. Roman) was applied. In the first part of the article, the authors describe and explain the basic concepts of rural tourism and agritourism based on the literature. The figures were also quoted, for example, the number of agritourism farms in Poland and other European countries. The last part of the study provides the results of our own research. The study demonstrates that in 2020 agritourism was profitable, as the owners of the farms recorded a profit. The research confirms the massive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agritourism. During a pandemic, many people choose places with few people (e.g., rural areas). The research also considered the importance of innovation on agritourism farms and business profitability. The issues discussed in the study relate to current events—scientific studies examining the impact of COVID-19 on agritourism concern other countries; however, the authors were not able to find studies focusing on agritourism farms in Poland. A new element of methodology in this article was to organize the concepts of agritourism and to present the impact of coronavirus pandemic on the profitability of agritourism. It was also essential to present the classification of rural tourism. According to the authors of the study, the problems covered here are new and point to new trends in the development of agritourism during the pandemic.
Michał Roman; Piotr Grudzień. The Essence of Agritourism and Its Profitability during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. Agriculture 2021, 11, 458 .
AMA StyleMichał Roman, Piotr Grudzień. The Essence of Agritourism and Its Profitability during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (5):458.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichał Roman; Piotr Grudzień. 2021. "The Essence of Agritourism and Its Profitability during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic." Agriculture 11, no. 5: 458.
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie opinii mieszkańców Aten na temat postrzegania przez nich potencjału turystycznego swojego miasta. Wraz z przedstawieniem dynamiki rozwoju turystyki w Grecji w ostatnich 20 latach scharakteryzowano turystów zagranicznych i ich oczekiwania w odniesieniu do potencjału turystycznego. Wyniki badań własnych przeprowadzonych w 2020 r. wśród 151 mieszkańców Aten wskazały na wysoki potencjał turystyczny miasta w opinii mieszkańców stolicy Grecji. Pokazały również pozytywne nastawienie do turystów odwiedzających to miasto. Za największe atrakcje stolicy Grecji uznane zostały liczne zabytki i miejsca historyczne. W badaniach zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego i obserwacji, a jako narzędzie badawcze kwestionariusz ankiety.
Michał Roman; Sylwia Gawerska; Mikołaj Jalinik; Robert Kosiński. Potencjał turystyczny Aten w opinii ich mieszkańców. Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna 2021, 111–123 -111–123.
AMA StyleMichał Roman, Sylwia Gawerska, Mikołaj Jalinik, Robert Kosiński. Potencjał turystyczny Aten w opinii ich mieszkańców. Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna. 2021; (53):111–123-111–123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichał Roman; Sylwia Gawerska; Mikołaj Jalinik; Robert Kosiński. 2021. "Potencjał turystyczny Aten w opinii ich mieszkańców." Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna , no. 53: 111–123-111–123.
Methane production by fermentation is a complex biochemical process, in which micromolecular organic substances are broken down by anaerobic bacteria into simple stabilized chemicals—mainly methane CH4 and carbon dioxide CO2. The organic matter of the slurry consists mainly of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. As a result of biochemical changes in the process of anaerobic decomposition, some of this matter is mineralized to simple chemical compounds. Cattle and pig husbandry offers enormous potential for useable biogas plant substrates. As a result of the constantly increasing amounts of animal husbandry products, and increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements aimed at reusing natural fertilizers, it is necessary to look for alternative processing methods. The need for efficiency in obtaining biogas from substrates (e.g., manure) was met by the laboratory stand presented in this article, for which the Polish patent No. 232200 was obtained. The new technology also allows leaching of the organic liquid, e.g., from manure, and subjecting it to methane fermentation. The solution allows the individual elements of the technological line that determine the fermentation process to be tested under laboratory conditions. It also allows testing of the substrates in terms of fermentation, to determine their physical and chemical characteristics, and then to characterize the fermentation process in terms of the quality and quantity of the resulting biogas and the quality of post-fermentation residues. Compressing biogas for local distribution was also proposed. As part of the research, using a laboratory stand, the organic matter was leached from manure, for the purpose of biogas production. In addition, the biogas yield from manure at varying degrees of maturity was assessed. The best properties in terms of biogas yield forecasting were demonstrated by manure composted for 4–8 weeks.
Kinga Borek; Wacław Romaniuk; Kamil Roman; Michał Roman; Maciej Kuboń. The Analysis of a Prototype Installation for Biogas Production from Chosen Agricultural Substrates. Energies 2021, 14, 2132 .
AMA StyleKinga Borek, Wacław Romaniuk, Kamil Roman, Michał Roman, Maciej Kuboń. The Analysis of a Prototype Installation for Biogas Production from Chosen Agricultural Substrates. Energies. 2021; 14 (8):2132.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKinga Borek; Wacław Romaniuk; Kamil Roman; Michał Roman; Maciej Kuboń. 2021. "The Analysis of a Prototype Installation for Biogas Production from Chosen Agricultural Substrates." Energies 14, no. 8: 2132.
The article presents a spatial variation in particulate emission from animal farming in Poland. In addition, this paper estimates the PM2.5 and PM10 particulate emissions. The data on respective emissions sources have been acquired from the Central Statistics Authority (GUS) of 2019 (Local Data Bank). The emissions of PM2.5 and PM10 particulates were estimated from the structure of the emissions sources covered in the “EEA/EMEP Emission Inventory Guidebook” following the Tier 1 method. The research shows that, in Poland, the biggest share in particulate emission is found for poultry and cattle farming, which are the emissions of 5.5 and 3 m kg of particulates annually all across Poland, respectively. The highest pollution with PM2.5 resulting from animal farming was recorded for the Podlaskie (0.19 kg/ha), Wielkopolskie (0.16 kg/ha), and Mazowieckie (0.14 kg/ha) provinces, whereas the highest pollution with PM10 was recorded for the Wielkopolskie province (0.83 kg/ha). The key sources of particulate emission indicated in the study facilitate adapting the adequate method to reduce the particulate emissions in respective provinces. It is essential, especially due to the negative effect of particulates on human health.
Monika Roman; Kamil Roman; Michał Roman. Spatial Variation in Particulate Emission Resulting from Animal Farming in Poland. Agriculture 2021, 11, 168 .
AMA StyleMonika Roman, Kamil Roman, Michał Roman. Spatial Variation in Particulate Emission Resulting from Animal Farming in Poland. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (2):168.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonika Roman; Kamil Roman; Michał Roman. 2021. "Spatial Variation in Particulate Emission Resulting from Animal Farming in Poland." Agriculture 11, no. 2: 168.
The purpose of this work is to determine the impact of selected silage maize cultivation technologies, including energy inputs in the production chain (cultivation, harvesting, heap placing), on energy efficiency. The analysis of energy inputs, energy efficiency for the silage maize production technology were estimated. The research was performed for 13 farms producing silage maize. The data from the farms covered all the activities and the agrotechnical measures performed. The calculations of energy inputs made for the silage maize production for selected technologies were performed using the method developed by the Institute of Construction, Mechanization and Electrification for Agriculture (IBMER), once the method was verified and adapted to the needs and conditions of own research. Based on the accumulated energy production and the energy accumulated in the yield, energy efficiency index values for 13 silage maize cultivation technologies were calculated. The greatest impact on the results of energy efficiency calculations was shared by fertilizer and fuel inputs. In conclusion, it can be stated that, in terms of energy efficiency, maize cultivation is justified and it can generate energy benefits.
Anita Konieczna; Kamil Roman; Monika Roman; Damian Śliwiński; Michał Roman. Energy Efficiency of Maize Production Technology: Evidence from Polish Farms. Energies 2020, 14, 170 .
AMA StyleAnita Konieczna, Kamil Roman, Monika Roman, Damian Śliwiński, Michał Roman. Energy Efficiency of Maize Production Technology: Evidence from Polish Farms. Energies. 2020; 14 (1):170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnita Konieczna; Kamil Roman; Monika Roman; Damian Śliwiński; Michał Roman. 2020. "Energy Efficiency of Maize Production Technology: Evidence from Polish Farms." Energies 14, no. 1: 170.
The aim of the article is to present the analysis of tourism competitiveness of the rural areas of the Eastern Poland microregion (Podlaskie, Warmińsko–mazurskie, Lubelskie, Świętokrzyskie, Podkarpackie provinces). To group the rural communes in terms of tourism competitiveness, a cluster analysis with Ward’s method was applied. To do so, the data provided by the Central Statistical Office (Warsaw) in Poland of 2019 were used. The analyses provided in the article confirm the dependence between the size of the areas of outstanding natural beauty and the region’s tourism competitiveness. The results can be applied by the representatives of various institutions and organizations supporting the development of tourism in those areas.
Michał Roman; Monika Roman; Piotr Prus; Małgorzata Szczepanek. Tourism Competitiveness of Rural Areas: Evidence from a Region in Poland. Agriculture 2020, 10, 569 .
AMA StyleMichał Roman, Monika Roman, Piotr Prus, Małgorzata Szczepanek. Tourism Competitiveness of Rural Areas: Evidence from a Region in Poland. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (11):569.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichał Roman; Monika Roman; Piotr Prus; Małgorzata Szczepanek. 2020. "Tourism Competitiveness of Rural Areas: Evidence from a Region in Poland." Agriculture 10, no. 11: 569.
Milk is one of the most essential agricultural products in the EU. One of the major milk producers in the EU is Poland. Polish farmers account for supplying 8% of the total EU production. Nevertheless, Polish milk prices differ from the prices recorded in its western neighbors. The aim of the article has been to evaluate the dynamics of the relationships between milk prices in Poland and in the EU countries. To develop it, the monthly raw milk prices, covering the period January 2005 through December 2018, were applied. The calculations were made for the entire selected period as well as for two sub-periods: 2005–2011 and 2012–2018. The results were used to confirm the milk market integration between Poland and the EU countries. Besides, it must be noted that the relations increased considerably since 2012. The EU countries which have recorded the greatest impact on the prices in Poland are Germany, Ireland, France and Slovakia.
Monika Roman; Michał Roman. Milk Market Integration between Poland and the EU Countries. Agriculture 2020, 10, 561 .
AMA StyleMonika Roman, Michał Roman. Milk Market Integration between Poland and the EU Countries. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (11):561.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonika Roman; Michał Roman. 2020. "Milk Market Integration between Poland and the EU Countries." Agriculture 10, no. 11: 561.
The article is aimed at presenting the survey respondents’ involvement in tourist activities, taking into account certain factors at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main objective may be divided into three direct aims, each of which consists of the determination of the factors that can influence the choice of tourist journeys: (1) organizational factors, (2) social-economic ones, and (3) sustainable development. The authors’ own research findings are used to verify the objective. The research was conducted in April and May 2020 with the use of a diagnostic survey method and a questionnaire. Five-hundred sixty-four respondents from Poland (Podlaskie, Masovian, and Lesser Poland Voivodeships) and 133 respondents from the US (New York State, New Jersey, and Illinois) took part in the research. It was divided into organizational, social-economic, and sustainable development related factors. The research confirmed, inter alia, a great impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the organization of tourist travels by the respondents in 2020. The issue presented in the article is a new one; it has not yet been a subject matter of research. That is the major reason the authors aimed to conduct it. What is a new methodological element in the article is the organization of some concepts concerning tourism and a presentation of the influence of COVID-19 on tourism. In the authors’ opinion, the issues presented are new and have a considerable impact on new trends in the development of tourism at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. The issue discussed is very broad, and the article does not exhaust it. The research findings are compared to the research findings reported by other authors, and standard deviations are calculated.
Michał Roman; Arkadiusz Niedziółka; Andrzej Krasnodębski. Respondents’ Involvement in Tourist Activities at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9610 .
AMA StyleMichał Roman, Arkadiusz Niedziółka, Andrzej Krasnodębski. Respondents’ Involvement in Tourist Activities at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9610.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichał Roman; Arkadiusz Niedziółka; Andrzej Krasnodębski. 2020. "Respondents’ Involvement in Tourist Activities at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9610.
The objective of the article is to present the study of agritourism innovativeness. The analysis covers agritourism farms in Poland. It is also essential to identify the factors affecting the process of implementing innovation in agritourism. The objective of the article is to formulate conclusions on the impact of innovations on the development of agritourism and the competitiveness of agritourism farms that can be used by representatives of various agritourism-supporting institutions and organizations. A diagnostic survey–study was conducted in 2018, applying a survey questionnaire with a sample of 81 self-employed agritourism farm owners. Ward’s hierarchical clustering method was applied to group the counties in terms of innovativeness. For this purpose, the data provided by the central statistics authority (GUS) and the authors’ own survey study were used. The study confirms, e.g., the key significance of innovation for the development of agritourism in the counties analyzed. Additionally, in the article there is developed an original farm’s competitive positioning index and gaining a competitive advantage on the agritourism services market, with three farms in Germany, France and Poland, respectively as an example.
Michał Roman; Monika Roman; Piotr Prus. Innovations in Agritourism: Evidence from a Region in Poland. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1 .
AMA StyleMichał Roman, Monika Roman, Piotr Prus. Innovations in Agritourism: Evidence from a Region in Poland. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichał Roman; Monika Roman; Piotr Prus. 2020. "Innovations in Agritourism: Evidence from a Region in Poland." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 1.
Celem opracowania było ukazanie postaw społeczności lokalnej wobec turystów i osób prowadzących działalność agroturystyczną w gminie Siemiatycze (województwo podlaskie). Do jego realizacji wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego z techniką ankiety według standaryzowanego kwestionariusza. Badania zrealizowano w maju 2019 roku, a kwestionariusz ankiety skierowany został do wybranych losowo mieszkańców gminy. W badaniach udział wzięło 52 respondentów. Dodatkowo autor opracowania zastosował metodę CATI (wspomagany komputerowo wywiad telefoniczny) z 11 właścicielami obiektów noclegowych, prowadzącymi swoją działalność na terenie gminy Siemiatycze. Badania wykazały różnorodność postaw mieszkańców badanej gminy w stosunku do turystów i osób prowadzących gospodarstwa agroturystyczne. Respondenci pozytywnie ustosunkowali się do turystów i właścicieli gospodarstw agroturystycznych. Osoby powyżej 45. roku życia miały częstsze kontakty z odwiedzającymi turystami. Tylko 2,9% respondentów nastawiona była negatywnie do przyjeżdzających osób. Negatywny odbiór turystów przez mieszkańców był spowodowany kreowaniem złych wzorców zachowań we wsiach.
Michał Roman. Postawy społeczności lokalnej wobec turystów i właścicieli gospodarstw agroturystycznych. Przegląd Prawno-Ekonomiczny 2020, 91 -103.
AMA StyleMichał Roman. Postawy społeczności lokalnej wobec turystów i właścicieli gospodarstw agroturystycznych. Przegląd Prawno-Ekonomiczny. 2020; (1):91-103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichał Roman. 2020. "Postawy społeczności lokalnej wobec turystów i właścicieli gospodarstw agroturystycznych." Przegląd Prawno-Ekonomiczny , no. 1: 91-103.
The aim of the article is to present the spatial diversity of tourism in the countries of the European Union (EU). The main objective of the article can be divided into three immediate goals, each of which is to determine countries that are similar by means of: (1) accommodation base; (2) tourism traffic; and (3) tourism-related expenditures and revenues. In order to group countries, Ward’s cluster analysis method is used. The aim is verified with the use of 2017 United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and Eurostat data. The analysis covers all EU member states. The research conducted confirms, inter alia, the key role of the accommodation base in the development of tourism in those countries.
Michał Roman; Monika Roman; Arkadiusz Niedziółka. Spatial Diversity of Tourism in the Countries of the European Union. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2713 .
AMA StyleMichał Roman, Monika Roman, Arkadiusz Niedziółka. Spatial Diversity of Tourism in the Countries of the European Union. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2713.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichał Roman; Monika Roman; Arkadiusz Niedziółka. 2020. "Spatial Diversity of Tourism in the Countries of the European Union." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2713.
The article presents the spatial differentiation of particulates emission resulting from agricultural production in Poland. Some indicators of emission have been verified and adjusted to the Polish conditions. The paper estimates PM2.5 (particulate matter, aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm) and PM10 (particulate matter, aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µm) emission resulting from agricultural production and agricultural soil. The findings of the research conducted by the Institute of Ecology of Industrial Areas in Katowice in cooperation with the Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal in Zabrze were the main source of those alterations. Data concerning particular sources of emission also come from the information provided by the Central Statistical Office in Warsaw, the Bank of Local Data 2017. The estimation of PM2.5 and PM10 emission was conducted based on the structure of sources of emission resulting from agriculture contained in “EMEP/EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook” in accordance with the Tier 2 method.
Monika Roman; Michał Roman; Kamil Krzysztof Roman. Spatial differentiation of particulates emission resulting from agricultural production in Poland. Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 2019, 65, 375 -384.
AMA StyleMonika Roman, Michał Roman, Kamil Krzysztof Roman. Spatial differentiation of particulates emission resulting from agricultural production in Poland. Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika). 2019; 65 (No. 8):375-384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonika Roman; Michał Roman; Kamil Krzysztof Roman. 2019. "Spatial differentiation of particulates emission resulting from agricultural production in Poland." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, no. No. 8: 375-384.
The main objective of the research was to present the opinion of the local community on the tourist attractiveness of the commune of Siemiatycze (Podlasie province) and selected factors of agritourism development. In order to fully and objectively recognise such factors, empirical material was collected with the use of the diagnostic survey method and survey questionnaire. Research was conducted in May 2019 and the questionnaire was sent to commune inhabitants. 52 respondents took part in the research. In addition, the author used the method of CATI (computer-assisted telephone interviewing) with 11 owners of overnight accommodation facilities operating in Siemiatycze commune. Research shows that the tourist attractiveness of the commune has a significant impact on the level of agritourism development. In addition, the majority of surveyed residents (73.1%) considered the area of the Siemiatycze commune as conducive to the development of tourism and agritourism. In their opinion, the area of the commune is rich in natural and cultural values and is characterized by high forest cover, the occurrence of meadows, ponds and rivers. The majority of respondents (80.1%) believed that the development of agritourism could increase the income of the population and raise the standard of living. Only 15.4% of respondents believed that agritourism could bring negative effects, e.g. taking over negative patterns of behaviour (especially young people), destroying traditional equipment and buildings, and the aversion of the community towards visitors.
Michał Roman. OPINION OF THE LOCAL COMMUNITY ON THE TOURIST ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE COMMUNE AND SELECTED AGRITOURISM DEVELOPMENT FACTORS. Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists 2019, XXI, 390 -340.
AMA StyleMichał Roman. OPINION OF THE LOCAL COMMUNITY ON THE TOURIST ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE COMMUNE AND SELECTED AGRITOURISM DEVELOPMENT FACTORS. Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists. 2019; XXI (3):390-340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichał Roman. 2019. "OPINION OF THE LOCAL COMMUNITY ON THE TOURIST ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE COMMUNE AND SELECTED AGRITOURISM DEVELOPMENT FACTORS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 3: 390-340.
Sviatlana Sialverstava; Tatiana Bogusz; Michał Roman. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE BELARUSIAN PART OF THE AUGUSTOW CANAL. Turystyka i Rozwój Regionalny 2018, 63 -70.
AMA StyleSviatlana Sialverstava, Tatiana Bogusz, Michał Roman. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE BELARUSIAN PART OF THE AUGUSTOW CANAL. Turystyka i Rozwój Regionalny. 2018; (9):63-70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSviatlana Sialverstava; Tatiana Bogusz; Michał Roman. 2018. "TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE BELARUSIAN PART OF THE AUGUSTOW CANAL." Turystyka i Rozwój Regionalny , no. 9: 63-70.
The aim of the article is to present the energetic use of wood waste from fruit trees on the example of an agritourism farm. Biomass from wood waste can be obtained in agritourism farms for heating buildings as fuel. The authors of the study conducted research on the use of wood waste from fruit trees as an energy source. The examined material in the form of wood came from the Okopy – Podlasie province. In an agritourism farm, about 100 kg of biomass with a spatial density of about 54 kg/m3 were acquired during the forest stand maintenance cuts.
Michał Roman; Kamil Roman. ENERGY USE OF WOOD WASTE FROM FRUIT TREES ON THE EXAMPLE OF AN AGRITOURISM FARM. Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists 2018, XX, 158 -161.
AMA StyleMichał Roman, Kamil Roman. ENERGY USE OF WOOD WASTE FROM FRUIT TREES ON THE EXAMPLE OF AN AGRITOURISM FARM. Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists. 2018; XX (4):158-161.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichał Roman; Kamil Roman. 2018. "ENERGY USE OF WOOD WASTE FROM FRUIT TREES ON THE EXAMPLE OF AN AGRITOURISM FARM." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XX, no. 4: 158-161.