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Agroforestry landscapes are crucial to human wellbeing; however, they are in sharp decline across Europe. Improved understanding of the complexity of agroforestry landscapes within different biophysical, social-cultural, economic and governance contexts is essential for designing effective policy and management interventions that are more tightly aligned with societal expectations and aspirations. This paper identifies and compares values that people attribute to agroforestry landscapes across North-Eastern Europe, using case studies in Sweden, Latvia, Belarus, and the Russian Federation. We apply the multiple-value approach developed for the conceptual framework of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services to an assessment of agroforestry landscapes. Using data from a total of 1634 face-to-face structured interviews, we (i) analyse and explore the preferences of diverse groups of respondents for agroforestry landscapes; (ii) identify a broad range of nature’s contributions to people (NCP) that were attributed to agroforestry landscapes by respondents; and, (iii) analyse values of agroforestry landscapes across different contexts in NorthEastern Europe. We found that a highly heterogenous group of people – broadly irrespective of age, education, gender, place of residence, as well as political, economic, or social-cultural context – perceive agroforestry landscapes to be important to their quality of life. Respondents attributed multiple NCP to agroforestry landscapes, and non-material NCP are the most frequently assigned in all four countries. An absolute majority of respondents across all case studies considered relational values of agroforestry landscapes to be important for their quality of life with identity as the most often associated with agroforestry landscapes. We discuss how relational values might be incorporated in policies and practices related to agroforestry landscapes in North-Eastern Europe.
M. Elbakidze; D. Surová; J. Muñoz-Rojas; J-O. Persson; L. Dawson; T. Plieninger; T. Pinto-Correia. Perceived benefits from agroforestry landscapes across North-Eastern Europe: What matters and for whom? Landscape and Urban Planning 2021, 209, 104044 .
AMA StyleM. Elbakidze, D. Surová, J. Muñoz-Rojas, J-O. Persson, L. Dawson, T. Plieninger, T. Pinto-Correia. Perceived benefits from agroforestry landscapes across North-Eastern Europe: What matters and for whom? Landscape and Urban Planning. 2021; 209 ():104044.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Elbakidze; D. Surová; J. Muñoz-Rojas; J-O. Persson; L. Dawson; T. Plieninger; T. Pinto-Correia. 2021. "Perceived benefits from agroforestry landscapes across North-Eastern Europe: What matters and for whom?" Landscape and Urban Planning 209, no. : 104044.
This paper interrogates how the increasing stringency of international rules on Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC), as reflected in the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)’s certification standards, is shaping the rights afforded indigenous and local communities in Russia. Viewing the FSC as a ‘global governance generating network’ (GGN) that gains rule-making authority through diverse ‘forums of negotiation’ at multiple scales, we examine how international rules are negotiated and re-configured regarding 1) the ‘scope’ of requirements – who is included or excluded from FPIC and 2) ‘prescriptiveness' – the level and specificity of the rights afforded to FPIC holders. We find that Russian stakeholders perceive the increasing prescriptiveness of FSC's global FPIC policies as disrupting their existing norms of negotiated compromise, and originating from well-defined and politically influential indigenous populations elsewhere in the world. This has spurred intense debate on the scope of who should qualify for FPIC in Russia. While FSC-Russia's Social Chamber members have used formal standard-setting processes to negotiate for the increased stringency and scope of some FPIC requirements, industry-backed forums have inserted numerous exceptions, and drawn on external expertise and legal counsel to further restrict who counts as an FPIC rights-holder. These ongoing contestations highlight the risk that prescriptive international standards protecting local rights may narrow the scope of whose rights matter in their local implementation.
Maria S. Tysiachniouk; Constance L. McDermott; Antonina A. Kulyasova; Sara Teitelbaum; Marine Elbakidze. The politics of scale in global governance: Do more stringent international forest certification standards protect local rights in Russia? Forest Policy and Economics 2021, 125, 102407 .
AMA StyleMaria S. Tysiachniouk, Constance L. McDermott, Antonina A. Kulyasova, Sara Teitelbaum, Marine Elbakidze. The politics of scale in global governance: Do more stringent international forest certification standards protect local rights in Russia? Forest Policy and Economics. 2021; 125 ():102407.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria S. Tysiachniouk; Constance L. McDermott; Antonina A. Kulyasova; Sara Teitelbaum; Marine Elbakidze. 2021. "The politics of scale in global governance: Do more stringent international forest certification standards protect local rights in Russia?" Forest Policy and Economics 125, no. : 102407.
Lucas Dawson; Marine Elbakidze; Marie Schellens; Anton Shkaruba; Per K. Angelstam. Bogs, birds, and berries in Belarus: the governance and management dynamics of wetland restoration in a state-centric, top-down context. Ecology and Society 2021, 26, 1 .
AMA StyleLucas Dawson, Marine Elbakidze, Marie Schellens, Anton Shkaruba, Per K. Angelstam. Bogs, birds, and berries in Belarus: the governance and management dynamics of wetland restoration in a state-centric, top-down context. Ecology and Society. 2021; 26 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucas Dawson; Marine Elbakidze; Marie Schellens; Anton Shkaruba; Per K. Angelstam. 2021. "Bogs, birds, and berries in Belarus: the governance and management dynamics of wetland restoration in a state-centric, top-down context." Ecology and Society 26, no. 1: 1.
Implementing sustainable forest management (SFM) policy on the ground is not straightforward, and depends on the social-ecological context. To meet the need for place-based stakeholder collaboration towards regionally adapted knowledge production and learning in support of SFM an integrated landscape approach can assist. Hosting most of the circumboreal forest Russia is a key global player. To transition boreal forestry in the Russian Federation from wood mining towards SFM after the collapse of USSR several initiatives were initiated. Our aim is to review the outcomes and consequences of the initiatives employing the international Model Forest concepts' six principles in Russia. To identify candidates for the study we identified 12 local initiatives using this term, all in Russia's boreal forest biome. However, while seven demonstration forests focused on improving wood production practices, five were long-term stakeholder-driven development processes aimed at SFM, and were approved members of the International Model Forest Network. The five latter were selected for a detailed study to understand their temporal dynamic in the circumboreal Model Forest context, and the extent to which they complied with the six principles of the Model Forest concept as an example of a landscape approach. The sources, amounts and durations of these initiatives' funding affected both outcomes and consequences on the ground. All five had developed a partnership that formally shared a commitment to SFM. However, not all areas were large enough to represent all dimensions of SFM. Not all Model Forests developed a representative, participative, transparent, and accountable governance structure, which affected the programs of their activities. Finally, knowledge-sharing, capacity-building and networking at multiple levels was variable. In spite of Russia hosting most of the circumboreal forest the Model Forest concept was not sustained in Russia due to ending of foreign project funding, to limited continuity of committed local capacity, and poor support from national-level decision makers. The exception is the Komi Model Forest's transition to a successful consulting company focusing on SFM. To develop regionally adapted approaches to implement SFM policy we stress the importance of sharing experiences from Model Forests as well as other landscape approach concepts among countries and regions with different landscape histories and governance arrangements. To enhance this, we propose a general analytic framework for learning through evaluation about place-based long-term initiatives that integrate evidence-based knowledge about states and trends of sustainability and cross-sector multi-level governance.
Per Angelstam; Marine Elbakidze; Robert Axelsson; Alexander Khoroshev; Bas Pedroli; Maria Tysiachniouk; Evgeny Zabubenin. Model forests in Russia as landscape approach: Demonstration projects or initiatives for learning towards sustainable forest management? Forest Policy and Economics 2019, 101, 96 -110.
AMA StylePer Angelstam, Marine Elbakidze, Robert Axelsson, Alexander Khoroshev, Bas Pedroli, Maria Tysiachniouk, Evgeny Zabubenin. Model forests in Russia as landscape approach: Demonstration projects or initiatives for learning towards sustainable forest management? Forest Policy and Economics. 2019; 101 ():96-110.
Chicago/Turabian StylePer Angelstam; Marine Elbakidze; Robert Axelsson; Alexander Khoroshev; Bas Pedroli; Maria Tysiachniouk; Evgeny Zabubenin. 2019. "Model forests in Russia as landscape approach: Demonstration projects or initiatives for learning towards sustainable forest management?" Forest Policy and Economics 101, no. : 96-110.
Place-based transdisciplinary research involves multiple academic disciplines and non-academic actors. Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research (LTSER) platform is one concept with ~ 80 initiatives globally. As an exercise in learning through evaluation we audited (1) the siting, construction and maintenance of individual LTSER platforms, and (2) them as a distributed infrastructure for place-based transdisciplinary research with focus on the European continent. First, we defined a normative model for ideal performance at both platform and network levels. Second, four surveys were sent out to the 67 self-reported LTSER platforms officially listed at the end of 2016. Third, with a focus on the network level, we analyzed the spatial distribution of both long-term ecological monitoring sites within LTSER platforms, and LTSER platforms across the European continent. Fourth, narrative biographies of 18 platforms in different stages of development were analyzed. While the siting of LTSER platforms represented biogeographical regions well, variations in land use history and democratic governance were not well represented. Platform construction was based on 2.1 ecological monitoring sites, with 72% ecosystem and 28% social system research. Maintenance of a platform required three to five staff members, focused mostly on ecosystem research, was based mainly on national funding, and had 1–2 years of future funding secured. Networking with other landscape approach concepts was common. Individually, and as a network, LTSER platforms have good potential for transdisciplinary knowledge production and learning about sustainability challenges. To improve the range of variation of Pan-European social–ecological systems we encourage interfacing with other landscape approach concepts.
Per Angelstam; Michael Manton; Marine Elbakidze; Frans Sijtsma; Mihai Cristian Adamescu; Noa Avni; Pedro Beja; Peter Bezak; Iryna Zyablikova; Fatima Cruz; Vincent Bretagnolle; Ricardo Díaz-Delgado; Bruno Ens; Mariia Fedoriak; Giovanna Flaim; Simone Gingrich; Miri Lavi-Neeman; Sergey Medinets; Viesturs Melecis; Jose Muñoz-Rojas; Jessica Schäckermann; Andrea Stocker-Kiss; Heikki Setälä; Natalie Stryamets; Maija Taka; Gaelle Tallec; Ulrike Tappeiner; Johan Törnblom; Taras Yamelynets. LTSER platforms as a place-based transdisciplinary research infrastructure: learning landscape approach through evaluation. Landscape Ecology 2018, 34, 1461 -1484.
AMA StylePer Angelstam, Michael Manton, Marine Elbakidze, Frans Sijtsma, Mihai Cristian Adamescu, Noa Avni, Pedro Beja, Peter Bezak, Iryna Zyablikova, Fatima Cruz, Vincent Bretagnolle, Ricardo Díaz-Delgado, Bruno Ens, Mariia Fedoriak, Giovanna Flaim, Simone Gingrich, Miri Lavi-Neeman, Sergey Medinets, Viesturs Melecis, Jose Muñoz-Rojas, Jessica Schäckermann, Andrea Stocker-Kiss, Heikki Setälä, Natalie Stryamets, Maija Taka, Gaelle Tallec, Ulrike Tappeiner, Johan Törnblom, Taras Yamelynets. LTSER platforms as a place-based transdisciplinary research infrastructure: learning landscape approach through evaluation. Landscape Ecology. 2018; 34 (7):1461-1484.
Chicago/Turabian StylePer Angelstam; Michael Manton; Marine Elbakidze; Frans Sijtsma; Mihai Cristian Adamescu; Noa Avni; Pedro Beja; Peter Bezak; Iryna Zyablikova; Fatima Cruz; Vincent Bretagnolle; Ricardo Díaz-Delgado; Bruno Ens; Mariia Fedoriak; Giovanna Flaim; Simone Gingrich; Miri Lavi-Neeman; Sergey Medinets; Viesturs Melecis; Jose Muñoz-Rojas; Jessica Schäckermann; Andrea Stocker-Kiss; Heikki Setälä; Natalie Stryamets; Maija Taka; Gaelle Tallec; Ulrike Tappeiner; Johan Törnblom; Taras Yamelynets. 2018. "LTSER platforms as a place-based transdisciplinary research infrastructure: learning landscape approach through evaluation." Landscape Ecology 34, no. 7: 1461-1484.
Agroforestry homegardens have been the dominant farming practice in the southern part of Ethiopia, delivering multiple products important for food security and livelihoods of rural households. This traditional farming is based on the labour force of both men and women in the household, however, with unequal rights to access and control over land and farm products. Since the 1990s the traditional agroforestry homegardens have been gradually changing from self-subsistence farming towards mainly commodity production of cash crops, dominantly khat. This study examines how the formal and customary institutions address the gender relations in the changing agroforestry homegardens. Based on a review of 22 legal documents, 24 key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews in 40 households and eight focus group discussions in the Sidama zone we identified that customary institutions restrict women's access to land, market and trading, decision-making process at the household and community levels. We conclude that while international and national legal documents recognize women's contribution, and their human/civil rights, in practice rural women are still disadvantaged.
Mersha Gebrehiwot; Marine Elbakidze; Gun Lidestav. Gender relations in changing agroforestry homegardens in rural Ethiopia. Journal of Rural Studies 2018, 61, 197 -205.
AMA StyleMersha Gebrehiwot, Marine Elbakidze, Gun Lidestav. Gender relations in changing agroforestry homegardens in rural Ethiopia. Journal of Rural Studies. 2018; 61 ():197-205.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMersha Gebrehiwot; Marine Elbakidze; Gun Lidestav. 2018. "Gender relations in changing agroforestry homegardens in rural Ethiopia." Journal of Rural Studies 61, no. : 197-205.
Landscapes are maintained and changed through combinations of actions and decisions which in turn are based on what Hägerstrand has termed territorial competences. Today these competences are primarily linked to individual landowners and users; in modern rural landscapes these are first of all the farmers. Farmers’ landscape practices are to a large extent guided and framed by public policy interventions of various kinds, representing spatial competences in Hägerstrand’s terminology. These interventions are influenced by various kinds of expert knowledge together with common public perceptions and conventions. The aim of this chapter is to analyse the various roles of experts in guiding landscape practices, with a specific focus on the changing relationships between territorial and spatial competences. We present a conceptual framework for analysing the role of experts and expertise in relation to both public policy interventions, individual and collective landscape practices.
Jørgen Primdahl; Lone Søderkvist Kristensen; Finn Arler; Per Angelstam; Andreas Aagaard Christensen; Marine Elbakidze. Rural landscape governance and expertise: on landscape agents and democracy. Defining Landscape Democracy 2018, 153 -164.
AMA StyleJørgen Primdahl, Lone Søderkvist Kristensen, Finn Arler, Per Angelstam, Andreas Aagaard Christensen, Marine Elbakidze. Rural landscape governance and expertise: on landscape agents and democracy. Defining Landscape Democracy. 2018; ():153-164.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJørgen Primdahl; Lone Søderkvist Kristensen; Finn Arler; Per Angelstam; Andreas Aagaard Christensen; Marine Elbakidze. 2018. "Rural landscape governance and expertise: on landscape agents and democracy." Defining Landscape Democracy , no. : 153-164.
Securing land management systems that maintain land covers is important for sustaining human livelihoods in Africa; however, simultaneously maintaining a viable natural environment is a serious challenge. Aggravated by rapid population growth and biodiversity loss, Ethiopia is an illustrative example of this issue. Stressing the need for a bottom–up stakeholder perspective, we identify and map land covers that deliver multiple ecosystem services that are important for the livelihoods of rural and urban citizens in the southern part of Ethiopia’s Rift Valley. First, we interviewed 400 urban and rural residents to identify the land covers that deliver desired ecosystem services in three agroecological zones, representing a steep gradient in the livelihood conditions. Second, to support the inclusion of priority land covers in spatial planning, we located spatial concentrations of individual land covers providing bundles of desired ecosystem services. The majority of urban respondents selected homegarden agroforestry (92% of respondents from this group), freshwater lake (82%), river (70%), agroforestry shade-grown coffee (65%), natural old-growth forest (59%), rural settlement (52%), Afromontane undifferentiated forest (52%), and urban areas (73%) as important for their livelihood. In contrast, the majority of rural respondents selected three land covers: homegarden agroforestry (80% of respondents from this group), agroforestry shade-grown coffee (58%), and urban areas (65%). To maintain the identified natural and semi-natural priority land covers, at least two land management strategies are crucial to sustain the provision of ecosystem services for the livelihoods of both urban and rural people, and biodiversity conservation: (1) maintaining traditional agroforestry land-use practices, and (2) enhancing the protection and sustainable management of natural forest ecosystems. Additionally, integrated spatial planning is needed that considers both rural local community-based resource management that focuses on local needs for employment and products, and global demands to conserve biodiversity.
Marine Elbakidze; Mersha Gebrehiwot; Per Angelstam; Taras Yamelynets; Diana Surová. Defining Priority Land Covers that Secure the Livelihoods of Urban and Rural People in Ethiopia: a Case Study Based on Citizens’ Preferences. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1701 .
AMA StyleMarine Elbakidze, Mersha Gebrehiwot, Per Angelstam, Taras Yamelynets, Diana Surová. Defining Priority Land Covers that Secure the Livelihoods of Urban and Rural People in Ethiopia: a Case Study Based on Citizens’ Preferences. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (6):1701.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarine Elbakidze; Mersha Gebrehiwot; Per Angelstam; Taras Yamelynets; Diana Surová. 2018. "Defining Priority Land Covers that Secure the Livelihoods of Urban and Rural People in Ethiopia: a Case Study Based on Citizens’ Preferences." Sustainability 10, no. 6: 1701.
Natural capital is the foundation for delivering multiple ecosystem services important for biodiversity and human wellbeing. Functional green infrastructure (GI) is one of the land management approaches to secure the sustainable use of natural capital. This chapter presents the outcomes of a integrative research for knowledge production and learning towards functional GI in the Baltic Sea Region. The overview of attempts to develop functional GI in Sweden, Latvia, Belarus and the Russian Federation, the countries with different contexts, illustrates similar sets of challenges in the maintenance of GI functions for both biodiversity and human wellbeing. The main challenges are (1) sustaining sufficient amounts of representative ecosystems with functional connectivity, (2) maintaining land management practices that support natural and seminatural areas important for human wellbeing and (3) development of stakeholder cross-sectoral collaboration laboratories towards a sustainable use of ecosystem services across the Baltic Sea Region. To deal with these challenges, there are at least five main sets of opportunities: (1) favourable international policies towards functional GI, (2) the abundance of applied knowledge in biodiversity conservation needed for GI’s integrated spatial planning, (3) existing landscape approach initiatives with rich experience in sustainable management and governance of landscapes, (4) the potential of landscape restoration projects and (5) transdisciplinary research projects that have been practised in the Baltic Sea Region. Stakeholders have much to gain from increased multilateral, learning-based collaborations regarding all aspects of sustainable forest landscapes. Such collaborations could serve as laboratories for cross-border governance and management in the Baltic Sea Region.
Marine Elbakidze; Per Angelstam; Lucas Dawson; Alena Shushkova; Vladimir Naumov; Zigmārs Rendenieks; Līga Liepa; Laura Trasūne; Uladzimir Ustsin; Natalia Yurhenson; Siarhei Uhlianets; Michael Manton; Austra Irbe; Maxim Yermokhin; Aleksandra Grebenzshikova; Anton Zhivotov; Marharyta Nestsiarenka. Towards Functional Green Infrastructure in the Baltic Sea Region: Knowledge Production and Learning Across Borders. Ecosystem Services from Forest Landscapes 2018, 57 -87.
AMA StyleMarine Elbakidze, Per Angelstam, Lucas Dawson, Alena Shushkova, Vladimir Naumov, Zigmārs Rendenieks, Līga Liepa, Laura Trasūne, Uladzimir Ustsin, Natalia Yurhenson, Siarhei Uhlianets, Michael Manton, Austra Irbe, Maxim Yermokhin, Aleksandra Grebenzshikova, Anton Zhivotov, Marharyta Nestsiarenka. Towards Functional Green Infrastructure in the Baltic Sea Region: Knowledge Production and Learning Across Borders. Ecosystem Services from Forest Landscapes. 2018; ():57-87.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarine Elbakidze; Per Angelstam; Lucas Dawson; Alena Shushkova; Vladimir Naumov; Zigmārs Rendenieks; Līga Liepa; Laura Trasūne; Uladzimir Ustsin; Natalia Yurhenson; Siarhei Uhlianets; Michael Manton; Austra Irbe; Maxim Yermokhin; Aleksandra Grebenzshikova; Anton Zhivotov; Marharyta Nestsiarenka. 2018. "Towards Functional Green Infrastructure in the Baltic Sea Region: Knowledge Production and Learning Across Borders." Ecosystem Services from Forest Landscapes , no. : 57-87.
Sustainable landscapes and regions require both stewardship and management to sustain the composition, structure and function of ecosystems as a base for delivering human benefits. This complex is captured by the topic of ecosystem services. To deliver these, the concept green (or blue) infrastructure emerged as a tool for spatial planning of networks of natural and semi-natural areas. Such planning requires evidence-based knowledge about both ecological and social systems. For ecosystems, states and trends need be monitored, and improved knowledge must be developed about ecological tipping points for assessment of sustainability, as well as measures for conservation, management and restoration of representative habitat networks for biodiversity and human well-being, i.e. green infrastructures. For social systems, barriers and bridges for stakeholders’ involvement in stewardship and management at multiple levels of governance and spatial scales must be understood. This dual approach requires collaboration among natural and human sciences (i.e. humanities and social sciences) researchers, practitioners and stakeholders. This chapter identifies barriers for place-based collaborative knowledge production and learning and discusses how to bridge them in social-ecological systems. We review results from: (1) long-term place-based initiatives aiming at knowledge production and learning about how to sustain ecosystem services and (2) experiences of human and natural scientists, practitioners and stakeholders about how to bridge barriers for knowledge production and learning. Then, we discuss how coordination and integration of researchers’ and stakeholders’ contributions can be improved through learning by evaluation and traditional knowledge. Seven key actions to promote multilevel learning within and among networks of place-based initiatives aiming at sustainable landscapes are comparative studies, learning by evaluation, landscape approach as tool, train students and professionals to become reflective practitioners, integrated spatial planning, define performance targets for green infrastructure functionality and building a multilevel infrastructure of landscape approach initiatives.
Per Angelstam; Marine Elbakidze; Anna Lawrence; Michael Manton; Viesturs Melecis; Ajith H. Perera. Barriers and Bridges for Landscape Stewardship and Knowledge Production to Sustain Functional Green Infrastructures. Ecosystem Services from Forest Landscapes 2018, 127 -167.
AMA StylePer Angelstam, Marine Elbakidze, Anna Lawrence, Michael Manton, Viesturs Melecis, Ajith H. Perera. Barriers and Bridges for Landscape Stewardship and Knowledge Production to Sustain Functional Green Infrastructures. Ecosystem Services from Forest Landscapes. 2018; ():127-167.
Chicago/Turabian StylePer Angelstam; Marine Elbakidze; Anna Lawrence; Michael Manton; Viesturs Melecis; Ajith H. Perera. 2018. "Barriers and Bridges for Landscape Stewardship and Knowledge Production to Sustain Functional Green Infrastructures." Ecosystem Services from Forest Landscapes , no. : 127-167.
Marine Elbakidze; Per Angelstam; Taras Yamelynets; Lucas Dawson; Mersha Gebrehiwot; Nataliya Stryamets; Karl-Erik Johansson; Pablo Garrido; Vladimir Naumov; Michael Manton. A bottom-up approach to map land covers as potential green infrastructure hubs for human well-being in rural settings: A case study from Sweden. Landscape and Urban Planning 2017, 168, 72 -83.
AMA StyleMarine Elbakidze, Per Angelstam, Taras Yamelynets, Lucas Dawson, Mersha Gebrehiwot, Nataliya Stryamets, Karl-Erik Johansson, Pablo Garrido, Vladimir Naumov, Michael Manton. A bottom-up approach to map land covers as potential green infrastructure hubs for human well-being in rural settings: A case study from Sweden. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2017; 168 ():72-83.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarine Elbakidze; Per Angelstam; Taras Yamelynets; Lucas Dawson; Mersha Gebrehiwot; Nataliya Stryamets; Karl-Erik Johansson; Pablo Garrido; Vladimir Naumov; Michael Manton. 2017. "A bottom-up approach to map land covers as potential green infrastructure hubs for human well-being in rural settings: A case study from Sweden." Landscape and Urban Planning 168, no. : 72-83.
Due to a long history of intensive land and water use, habitat networks for biodiversity conservation are generally degraded in Sweden. Landscape restoration (LR) is an important strategy for achieving representative and functional green infrastructures. However, outcomes of LR efforts are poorly studied, particularly the dynamics of LR governance and management. We apply systems thinking methods to a series of LR case studies to analyse the causal structures underlying LR governance and management in Sweden. We show that these structures appear to comprise of an interlinked system of at least three sets of drivers and four core processes. This system exhibits many characteristics of a transformative change towards an integrated, adaptive approach to governance and management. Key challenges for Swedish LR projects relate to institutional and regulatory flexibility, the timely availability of sufficient funds, and the management of learning and knowledge production processes. In response, successful project leaders develop several key strategies to manage complexity and risk, and enhance perceptions of the attractiveness of LR projects.
Lucas Dawson; Marine Elbakidze; Per Angelstam; Johanna Gordon. Governance and management dynamics of landscape restoration at multiple scales: Learning from successful environmental managers in Sweden. Journal of Environmental Management 2017, 197, 24 -40.
AMA StyleLucas Dawson, Marine Elbakidze, Per Angelstam, Johanna Gordon. Governance and management dynamics of landscape restoration at multiple scales: Learning from successful environmental managers in Sweden. Journal of Environmental Management. 2017; 197 ():24-40.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucas Dawson; Marine Elbakidze; Per Angelstam; Johanna Gordon. 2017. "Governance and management dynamics of landscape restoration at multiple scales: Learning from successful environmental managers in Sweden." Journal of Environmental Management 197, no. : 24-40.
The functionality of forest patches and networks as green infrastructure may be affected negatively both by expanding road networks and forestry intensification. We assessed the effects of (1) the current and planned road infrastructure, and (2) forest loss and gain, on the remaining large forest landscape massifs as green infrastructure at the EU's eastern border region in post-socialistic transition. First, habitat patch and network functionality in 1996-98 was assessed using habitat suitability index modelling. Second, we made expert interviews about road development with planners in 10 administrative regions in Poland, Belarus and Ukraine. Third, forest loss and gain inside the forest massifs, and gain outside them during the period 2001-14 were measured. This EU cross-border region hosts four remaining forest massifs as regional green infrastructure hotspots. While Poland's road network is developing fast in terms of new freeways, city bypasses and upgrades of road quality, in Belarus and Ukraine the focus is on maintenance of existing roads, and no new corridors. We conclude that economic support from the EU, and thus rapid development of roads in Poland, is likely to reduce the permeability for wildlife of the urban and agricultural matrix around existing forest massifs. However, the four identified forest massifs themselves, forming the forest landscape green infrastructure at the EU's east border, were little affected by road development plans. In contrast, forest loss inside massifs was high, especially in Ukraine. Only in Poland forest loss was balanced by gain. Forest gain outside forest massifs was low. To conclude, pro-active and collaborative spatial planning across different sectors and countries is needed to secure functional forest green infrastructure as base for biodiversity conservation and human well-being.
Per Angelstam; Olha Khaulyak; Taras Yamelynets; Gintautas Mozgeris; Vladimir Naumov; Tadeusz J. Chmielewski; Marine Elbakidze; Michael Manton; Bohdan Prots; Sviataslau Valasiuk. Green infrastructure development at European Union's eastern border: Effects of road infrastructure and forest habitat loss. Journal of Environmental Management 2017, 193, 300 -311.
AMA StylePer Angelstam, Olha Khaulyak, Taras Yamelynets, Gintautas Mozgeris, Vladimir Naumov, Tadeusz J. Chmielewski, Marine Elbakidze, Michael Manton, Bohdan Prots, Sviataslau Valasiuk. Green infrastructure development at European Union's eastern border: Effects of road infrastructure and forest habitat loss. Journal of Environmental Management. 2017; 193 ():300-311.
Chicago/Turabian StylePer Angelstam; Olha Khaulyak; Taras Yamelynets; Gintautas Mozgeris; Vladimir Naumov; Tadeusz J. Chmielewski; Marine Elbakidze; Michael Manton; Bohdan Prots; Sviataslau Valasiuk. 2017. "Green infrastructure development at European Union's eastern border: Effects of road infrastructure and forest habitat loss." Journal of Environmental Management 193, no. : 300-311.
Loss of large carnivore populations may lead to increased population densities of large herbivores, and subsequent cascading effects on the composition, structure, and function of ecosystems. Using a macroecological approach based on studies in multiple boreal forest landscapes in the Baltic Sea region and Russia, we tested the hypothesis that disrupted trophic interactions among large carnivores and large herbivores affect the recruitment of both ecologically and economically valuable tree species. We measured damage levels on young trees and large herbivore density in 10 local landscapes representing a gradient from extinct to extant populations of both large carnivores and large herbivores. We also tested the alternative hypothesis that forest management intensity is correlated to reduced recruitment of these tree species. At the macroecological scale there was an inverse relationship between the number of large carnivores and large herbivores. This coincided with a steep gradient in browsing damage on the ecologically important aspen, rowan and sallow as hosts for specialized species, as well as the economically important Scots pine. In one landscape hunting had replaced the presence of carnivores. Mean damage levels of these four tree species were correlated with large herbivore abundance, but not with forest management intensity. We discuss the pros and cons of this macroecological approach, as well as the challenge of governing and managing trophic interactions at multiple scales.
Per Angelstam; Michael Manton; Simen Pedersen; Marine Elbakidze. Disrupted trophic interactions affect recruitment of boreal deciduous and coniferous trees in northern Europe. Ecological Applications 2017, 27, 1108 -1123.
AMA StylePer Angelstam, Michael Manton, Simen Pedersen, Marine Elbakidze. Disrupted trophic interactions affect recruitment of boreal deciduous and coniferous trees in northern Europe. Ecological Applications. 2017; 27 (4):1108-1123.
Chicago/Turabian StylePer Angelstam; Michael Manton; Simen Pedersen; Marine Elbakidze. 2017. "Disrupted trophic interactions affect recruitment of boreal deciduous and coniferous trees in northern Europe." Ecological Applications 27, no. 4: 1108-1123.
F. Stuart Chapin; Brian J. Shaw; Elisabeth Conrad; Louise E. Buck; Sara J. Scherr; Christopher M. Planicka; Krista Heiner; Finn Danielsen; Martin Enghoff; Eyðfinn Magnussen; Tero Mustonen; Anna Degteva; Kia K. Hansen; Nette Levermann; Svein D. Mathiesen; Øystein Slettemark; Marianne Penker; Per Angelstam; Marine Elbakidze; Theo Spek; Bleta Arifi; Georg Winkel; Chantal Ruppert-Winkel; Andreas Muhar; Dominik Siegrist; Peter Bridgewater; Erik Andersson; Johan Enqvist; Maria Tengö. The Science and Practice of Landscape Stewardship edited by Claudia Bieling. The Dartmoor Vision – A Long-Term, Participatory Management Process on the Landscape Scale 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleF. Stuart Chapin, Brian J. Shaw, Elisabeth Conrad, Louise E. Buck, Sara J. Scherr, Christopher M. Planicka, Krista Heiner, Finn Danielsen, Martin Enghoff, Eyðfinn Magnussen, Tero Mustonen, Anna Degteva, Kia K. Hansen, Nette Levermann, Svein D. Mathiesen, Øystein Slettemark, Marianne Penker, Per Angelstam, Marine Elbakidze, Theo Spek, Bleta Arifi, Georg Winkel, Chantal Ruppert-Winkel, Andreas Muhar, Dominik Siegrist, Peter Bridgewater, Erik Andersson, Johan Enqvist, Maria Tengö. The Science and Practice of Landscape Stewardship edited by Claudia Bieling. The Dartmoor Vision – A Long-Term, Participatory Management Process on the Landscape Scale. 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF. Stuart Chapin; Brian J. Shaw; Elisabeth Conrad; Louise E. Buck; Sara J. Scherr; Christopher M. Planicka; Krista Heiner; Finn Danielsen; Martin Enghoff; Eyðfinn Magnussen; Tero Mustonen; Anna Degteva; Kia K. Hansen; Nette Levermann; Svein D. Mathiesen; Øystein Slettemark; Marianne Penker; Per Angelstam; Marine Elbakidze; Theo Spek; Bleta Arifi; Georg Winkel; Chantal Ruppert-Winkel; Andreas Muhar; Dominik Siegrist; Peter Bridgewater; Erik Andersson; Johan Enqvist; Maria Tengö. 2017. "The Science and Practice of Landscape Stewardship edited by Claudia Bieling." The Dartmoor Vision – A Long-Term, Participatory Management Process on the Landscape Scale , no. : 1.
Per Angelstam; Marine Elbakidze; Claudia Bieling; Tobias Plieninger. Forest Landscape Stewardship for Functional Green Infrastructures in Europe's West and East: Diagnosing and Treating Social-Ecological Systems. The Dartmoor Vision – A Long-Term, Participatory Management Process on the Landscape Scale 2017, 124 -144.
AMA StylePer Angelstam, Marine Elbakidze, Claudia Bieling, Tobias Plieninger. Forest Landscape Stewardship for Functional Green Infrastructures in Europe's West and East: Diagnosing and Treating Social-Ecological Systems. The Dartmoor Vision – A Long-Term, Participatory Management Process on the Landscape Scale. 2017; ():124-144.
Chicago/Turabian StylePer Angelstam; Marine Elbakidze; Claudia Bieling; Tobias Plieninger. 2017. "Forest Landscape Stewardship for Functional Green Infrastructures in Europe's West and East: Diagnosing and Treating Social-Ecological Systems." The Dartmoor Vision – A Long-Term, Participatory Management Process on the Landscape Scale , no. : 124-144.
Russia sees the need to increase wood production. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of barriers and bridges in social and ecological systems for intensification of wood production in NW Russia. This requires that past development trajectories are understood. Using a local logging frontier in Russia's Komi Republic as a case study, we employed an environmental history approach to: (1) recreate the wood harvesting history for the period 1719–2014, (2) identify the main actors that produced this history, and (3) analyse what ideologies influenced decision making. First, after a long history of selective harvesting before the Russian Revolution in 1917, forests were rapidly clear-felled during the Soviet period 1921–1991. Following general economic deceleration, and thus severely reduced harvesting activities during 1992–1997, the rate of logging has increased slightly again. To conclude, barriers in ecosystems to intensification include Soviet legacies of large-scale harvesting, which resulted in a very uneven age distribution, limited and poorly conducted silviculture, as well as insufficient transport infrastructure. Additionally, social system barriers are a conservative mind-set at the policy level, unpredictable conditions for forest use rights and ownership, and limited value-added production at local level. Developing predictable rules and norms, forest zoning at local to regional scales, and the emergence of place-based multi-level collaborative learning concepts like Model Forest provide opportunity for bridging the observed barriers.
Vladimir Naumov; Per Angelstam; Marine Elbakidze. Barriers and bridges for intensified wood production in Russia: Insights from the environmental history of a regional logging frontier. Forest Policy and Economics 2016, 66, 1 -10.
AMA StyleVladimir Naumov, Per Angelstam, Marine Elbakidze. Barriers and bridges for intensified wood production in Russia: Insights from the environmental history of a regional logging frontier. Forest Policy and Economics. 2016; 66 ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVladimir Naumov; Per Angelstam; Marine Elbakidze. 2016. "Barriers and bridges for intensified wood production in Russia: Insights from the environmental history of a regional logging frontier." Forest Policy and Economics 66, no. : 1-10.
Biosphere Reserves aim at being role models for biodiversity conservation. This study focuses on the unsuccessful conservation of waders (Charadrii) on wet grasslands in the Kristianstad Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve (KVBR) in southern Sweden. Predation on nests and young has been proposed as one reason contributing to the decline of waders. We explored this hypothesis by comparing two landscapes, one with declining (KVBR) and one with stable (Östergötland) wader populations on managed wet grasslands in southern Sweden. Specifically, we tested three predictions linked to predation on wader nests and young, namely that (1) the relative abundance of avian predators and waders; (2) the avian predator abundance; and (3) the predation rate on artificial wader nests, should all be higher in declining versus stable populations. All predictions were clearly supported. Nevertheless, predation may not be the ultimate factor causing wader population declines. We discuss the cumulative effects of landscape change linked to increased food resources for predators, reduced wet grassland patch size and quality. Holistic analyses of multiple wet grassland landscapes as social-ecological systems as case studies, including processes such as predation and other factors affecting waders, is a promising avenue towards collaborative learning for wet grasslands as a functional green infrastructure. However, if governance and management approaches can be improved is questionable without considerable investment in both ecological and social systems.
Michael Manton; Per Angelstam; Per Milberg; Marine Elbakidze. Wet Grasslands as a Green Infrastructure for Ecological Sustainability: Wader Conservation in Southern Sweden as a Case Study. Sustainability 2016, 8, 340 .
AMA StyleMichael Manton, Per Angelstam, Per Milberg, Marine Elbakidze. Wet Grasslands as a Green Infrastructure for Ecological Sustainability: Wader Conservation in Southern Sweden as a Case Study. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (4):340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Manton; Per Angelstam; Per Milberg; Marine Elbakidze. 2016. "Wet Grasslands as a Green Infrastructure for Ecological Sustainability: Wader Conservation in Southern Sweden as a Case Study." Sustainability 8, no. 4: 340.
The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) forest certification system is a globally widespread market-driven mechanism that aims at responsible use and governance of forests, and its application is growing. However, the extent to which forest certification contributes effectively to maintaining forest biodiversity is an unresolved issue. We assessed the role of FSC certification for forest biodiversity conservation in Lithuania’s state forests. First, we analysed the indicators related to biodiversity conservation at different spatial scales in the FSC standard used in Lithuania. By applying morphological spatial pattern analysis and habitat suitability modelling, we explored the structural and functional connectivity of forest habitat patches of formally and voluntarily set-asides for biodiversity conservation. According to the Lithuanian FSC standard, active measures in forest management for biodiversity should be imposed at three spatial scales: ‘trees in a stand’, ‘stands in a landscape’, and ‘landscape in an ecoregion’. The total area set aside for biodiversity was 18.6 %, including 4.9 % voluntary set-asides. The quality of habitats in terms of forest stand age was low, only 9.4 % of all set-asides constituted older forests. The proportions of voluntary set-aside area varied among the different state forest enterprises, and the results indicated a clear trend to set aside non-forest or low productivity forest habitats. Small (<1 ha) habitat patches formed a major part of all set-asides, including formally protected areas. FSC certification alone was not able to maintain structural and functional connectivity of forests for species at multiple spatial scales in Lithuania. By keeping a minimum standard of 5 % forestland set aside for biodiversity, the state forest enterprises certified according to the FSC can only satisfy forest species with small habitat requirements. To maintain biodiversity, place-based learning among stakeholders for representative functional green infrastructures in concrete landscapes and regions, combined with transparent knowledge about the net effect of pressures and responses on the state of biodiversity, are necessary.
Marine Elbakidze; Rita Ražauskaitė; Michael Manton; Per Angelstam; Gintautas Mozgeris; Guntis Brumelis; Gediminas Brazaitis; Peter Vogt. The role of forest certification for biodiversity conservation: Lithuania as a case study. European Journal of Forest Research 2016, 135, 361 -376.
AMA StyleMarine Elbakidze, Rita Ražauskaitė, Michael Manton, Per Angelstam, Gintautas Mozgeris, Guntis Brumelis, Gediminas Brazaitis, Peter Vogt. The role of forest certification for biodiversity conservation: Lithuania as a case study. European Journal of Forest Research. 2016; 135 (2):361-376.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarine Elbakidze; Rita Ražauskaitė; Michael Manton; Per Angelstam; Gintautas Mozgeris; Guntis Brumelis; Gediminas Brazaitis; Peter Vogt. 2016. "The role of forest certification for biodiversity conservation: Lithuania as a case study." European Journal of Forest Research 135, no. 2: 361-376.
There are many ethnobotanical studies on the use of wild plants and mushrooms for food and medicinal treatment in Europe. However, there is a lack of comparative ethnobotanical research on the role of non-wood forest products (NWFPs) as wild food and medicine in local livelihoods in countries with different socio-economic conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the present use of wild food and medicine in three places representing different stages of socio-economic development in Europe. Specifically we explore which plant and fungi species people use for food and medicine in three selected rural regions of Sweden, Ukraine and the Russian Federation. We studied the current use of NWFPs for food and medicine in three rural areas that represent a gradient in economic development (as indicated by the World Bank), i.e., Småland high plain (south Sweden), Roztochya (western Ukraine), and Kortkeros (Komi Republic in North West Russia). All areas were characterised by (a) predominating rural residency, (b) high forest coverage, and (c) free access to NWFPs. A total of 205 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with local residents in the three study areas. The collected NWFPs data included (1) the species that are used; (2) the amount harvested, (3) uses and practices (4) changes over time, (5) sources of knowledge regarding the use of NWFPs as wild food and medicine and (6) traditional recipes. In Sweden 11 species of wild plant and fungi species were used as food, and no plant species were used for medicinal purposes. In Ukraine the present use of NWFPs included 26 wild foods and 60 medicinal species, while in Russia 36 food and 44 medicinal species were reported. In the economically less developed rural areas of Ukraine and Russia, the use of NWFPs continues to be an important part of livelihoods, both as a source of income and for domestic use as food and medicine. In Sweden the collection of wild food has become mainly a recreational activity and the use of medicinal plants is no longer prevalent among our respondents. This leads us to suggest that the consumption of wild food and medicine is influenced by the socio-economic situation in a country.
Nataliya Stryamets; Marine Elbakidze; Melissa Ceuterick; Per Angelstam; Robert Axelsson. From economic survival to recreation: contemporary uses of wild food and medicine in rural Sweden, Ukraine and NW Russia. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2015, 11, 1 -19.
AMA StyleNataliya Stryamets, Marine Elbakidze, Melissa Ceuterick, Per Angelstam, Robert Axelsson. From economic survival to recreation: contemporary uses of wild food and medicine in rural Sweden, Ukraine and NW Russia. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2015; 11 (1):1-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNataliya Stryamets; Marine Elbakidze; Melissa Ceuterick; Per Angelstam; Robert Axelsson. 2015. "From economic survival to recreation: contemporary uses of wild food and medicine in rural Sweden, Ukraine and NW Russia." Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 11, no. 1: 1-19.