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Sea breezes are common and recurrent thermally-driven winds formed in coastal areas under conditions of weak synoptic forcing, due to the differential heat capacity of the sea and the land. Their accurate forecast is key because of the impacts on maxima near-surface temperatures, humidity (and then thermal comfort), pollutants distribution, convective-systems formation, etc., being crucial for the wind energy sector and because they develop in areas that are normally densely populated.
Some studies have investigated the impacts of the surface conditions in coastal breezes in different regions around the world. Their findings are diverse, mostly attributed to differences in the marine boundary layer stability, which can favour or inhibit the vertical mixing. This is needed to vertically distribute thermal changes in the land or the sea surfaces to deeper atmospheric layers, and thus to modify the horizontal surface pressure gradients. In this work, we use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to investigate how the coastal breezes are affected by changes in the surface representation in the Gulf of Cádiz, in the Atlantic coast of the Southwestern Iberian Peninsula. We focus on artificial and realistic changes in land use, soil moisture and sea surface temperature. The analysis is performed for a case study of 20 days in August 2020, characterised by many coastal-breeze events in the area analysed and by a gradual decrease in the sea surface temperature. The model is evaluated with observational data at different coast locations, inland and on the ocean, as well as using wind speed transects from satellite altimetry.
Carlos Román-Cascón; Roberto Mulero-Martínez; Miguel Bruno; Carlos Yagüe; Marie Lothon; Fabienne Lohou; Oscar Álvarez; Jesus Gómez-Enri; Alfredo Izquierdo; Rafael Mañanes; Jose Antonio Adame. How do the sea and the land conditions affect the coastal breezes? 20 days analysed from WRF simulations in the Gulf of Cádiz (Iberian Peninsula). 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleCarlos Román-Cascón, Roberto Mulero-Martínez, Miguel Bruno, Carlos Yagüe, Marie Lothon, Fabienne Lohou, Oscar Álvarez, Jesus Gómez-Enri, Alfredo Izquierdo, Rafael Mañanes, Jose Antonio Adame. How do the sea and the land conditions affect the coastal breezes? 20 days analysed from WRF simulations in the Gulf of Cádiz (Iberian Peninsula). . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Román-Cascón; Roberto Mulero-Martínez; Miguel Bruno; Carlos Yagüe; Marie Lothon; Fabienne Lohou; Oscar Álvarez; Jesus Gómez-Enri; Alfredo Izquierdo; Rafael Mañanes; Jose Antonio Adame. 2021. "How do the sea and the land conditions affect the coastal breezes? 20 days analysed from WRF simulations in the Gulf of Cádiz (Iberian Peninsula)." , no. : 1.
Alba de la Vara; Iván Parras-Berrocal; Alfredo Izquierdo; Dmitry Sein; William Cabos. Supplementary material to "Climate change signal in the ocean circulation of the Tyrrhenian Sea". 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAlba de la Vara, Iván Parras-Berrocal, Alfredo Izquierdo, Dmitry Sein, William Cabos. Supplementary material to "Climate change signal in the ocean circulation of the Tyrrhenian Sea". . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlba de la Vara; Iván Parras-Berrocal; Alfredo Izquierdo; Dmitry Sein; William Cabos. 2021. "Supplementary material to "Climate change signal in the ocean circulation of the Tyrrhenian Sea"." , no. : 1.
The Tyrrhenian Sea plays an important role in the winter deep water formation in the North Western Mediterranean through the water that enters the Ligurian Sea via the Corsica Channel. Therefore, the study of the impact of the changes in the future climate on the Tyrrhenian circulation and its consequences represents an important issue. Furthermore, the seasonally-dependent, rich in dynamical mesoscale structures, Tyrrhenian circulation is dominated by the interplay of local climate and the basin-wide Mediterranean circulation via the water transport across its major straits and an adequate representation of its features represents an important modeling challenge. In this work we examine with a regionally-coupled atmosphere-ocean model the changes in the Tyrrhenian circulation by the end of the 21st century under the RCP8.5 emission scenario, their driving mechanisms, as well as their possible impact on winter convection in the NW Mediterranean. Our model successfully reproduces the main features of the Mediterranean Sea and Tyrrhenian basin present-day circulation. We find that toward the end of the century the winter cyclonic, along-slope stream around the Tyrrhenian basin becomes weaker. This weakening increases the wind work transferred to the mesoscale structures, which become more intense than at present in winter and summer. We also find that, in the future, the northward water transport across the Corsica Channel towards the Liguro-Provençal basin becomes smaller than today. Also, water that flows through this channel presents a stronger stratification because of a generalized warming with a saltening of intermediate waters. Both factors may contribute to the interruption of deep water formation in the Gulf of Lions by the end of the century.
Alba de la Vara; Iván Parras-Berrocal; Alfredo Izquierdo; Dmitry Sein; William Cabos. Climate change signal in the ocean circulation of the Tyrrhenian Sea. 2021, 2021, 1 -27.
AMA StyleAlba de la Vara, Iván Parras-Berrocal, Alfredo Izquierdo, Dmitry Sein, William Cabos. Climate change signal in the ocean circulation of the Tyrrhenian Sea. . 2021; 2021 ():1-27.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlba de la Vara; Iván Parras-Berrocal; Alfredo Izquierdo; Dmitry Sein; William Cabos. 2021. "Climate change signal in the ocean circulation of the Tyrrhenian Sea." 2021, no. : 1-27.
Sea-level reanalysis data fields from the Iberia-Biscay-Ireland Monitoring and Forecasting Center (IBIre) were analysed and validated with coastal tide-gauge and vertical positioning data from 110 experimental stations, complemented with the Technical University of Denmark global ocean tide model and mean dynamic topography DTU10, in order to establish the reference hydrographic surface (RHS) for Spanish waters. IBIre fitting to experimental tidal ranges, with mean errors about 10 cm, improves the DTU10 results along the Iberian Mediterranean shore due to an adequate reproduction of the ‘radiational’ tides. Regarding the mean dynamic topography, errors were also about 10 cm both for IBIre and DTU10 fields, and about 50% of them is plausibly related to the experimental uncertainness arising from the different averaging periods of observed series. Fitting of IBIre results to experimental data provides orthometric/ellipsoidal heights of the lowest astronomical tide with mean errors between 7 and 10 cm. IBIre sea-level data have enough quality to constitute a reliable basis for an operative RHS in Spanish waters, and plausibly in other regions within its spatial coverage. Moreover, IBIre sea-level data have other potential applications to the study of climate/sea-level trends, and improvements of the accuracy in de-tiding satellite-altimetry data in the western Mediterranean Sea.
Carlos J. González; J. Ramón Torres; Patricia Bernárdez; Rodolfo J. Ramos. Validation and application of model/reanalysis sea-level data to the establishment of the reference hydrographic surface in Spanish waters. Journal of Operational Oceanography 2021, 1 -20.
AMA StyleCarlos J. González, J. Ramón Torres, Patricia Bernárdez, Rodolfo J. Ramos. Validation and application of model/reanalysis sea-level data to the establishment of the reference hydrographic surface in Spanish waters. Journal of Operational Oceanography. 2021; ():1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos J. González; J. Ramón Torres; Patricia Bernárdez; Rodolfo J. Ramos. 2021. "Validation and application of model/reanalysis sea-level data to the establishment of the reference hydrographic surface in Spanish waters." Journal of Operational Oceanography , no. : 1-20.
Sea breezes are common and recurrent thermally-driven wind circulations formed in coastal areas under conditions of weak synoptic forcing. The different heat capacity between the land and the sea causes the thermal contrast needed for their formation. Therefore, the temperature changes at the surface of both the sea and the land influence the breezes characteristics. In this work, we investigate how sensitive are the sea breezes to changes in land cover and soil moisture, which may have a direct impact on the surface temperature inland. This is done through the design of different sensitivity experiments performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, where we tested the effect of the land use and soil moisture modification. This was done through the simulation of a typical sea-breeze case study in the coastal area of the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Gulf of Cádiz). The differences among the experiments are compared spatially and confronted with observations from different meteorological towers at the coast and inland. A special emphasis is made on the changes observed in the area of the National Park of Doñana. This area is characterised by large shallow marshes with varying seasonal status and extensive rice crops. Thus, contrasting conditions of the surface are typically observed, which also depend on the previous hydrological conditions. Preliminary results highlight the importance of the correct representation of the surface inland to obtain a proper simulation of the sea-breeze system. Besides, new lines of research emerge to analyse the impacts caused by other potential modifications in the surface conditions of the land and the ocean (e.g., global change, urbanization, crop modification, changes in precipitation regimes or sea surface temperature, etc).
Roberto Mulero-Martinez; Carlos Román-Cascón; Marie Lothon; Fabienne Lohou; Carlos Yagüe; Óscar Álvarez; Miguel Bruno; Jesús Gómez-Enri; Alfredo Izquierdo; Rafael Mañanes; José Antonio Adame. How are the coastal breezes affected by changes in the land surface? Analysis from a case study using WRF. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleRoberto Mulero-Martinez, Carlos Román-Cascón, Marie Lothon, Fabienne Lohou, Carlos Yagüe, Óscar Álvarez, Miguel Bruno, Jesús Gómez-Enri, Alfredo Izquierdo, Rafael Mañanes, José Antonio Adame. How are the coastal breezes affected by changes in the land surface? Analysis from a case study using WRF. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto Mulero-Martinez; Carlos Román-Cascón; Marie Lothon; Fabienne Lohou; Carlos Yagüe; Óscar Álvarez; Miguel Bruno; Jesús Gómez-Enri; Alfredo Izquierdo; Rafael Mañanes; José Antonio Adame. 2021. "How are the coastal breezes affected by changes in the land surface? Analysis from a case study using WRF." , no. : 1.
Purpose – The main goal of the present investigation is to estimate the level of tourists' environmental consciousness (EC), which forms their intention to behave environmentally friendly (EF) during vacation time. Design – Variables of environmental awareness, environmental perception, environmental attitude, and perceived behavioural control were employed to analyze the level of tourists EC. Methodology – A tourists’ questionnaire was carried out in four mature beach destinations in the province of Cadiz during the high summer season of 2018. A systematic random selection of respondents was conducted along the pathway parallel to each beach covering both the dry and intertidal areas. In addition, Paper and Pencil Interviewing (PAPI) was completed with the tourists. Approach – Latent class analysis (LCA) model was implemented the R statistical computing program to evaluate tourists’ EC. Findings - Results demonstrated that beach tourists can be divided into three groups with low, medium and high EC. The largest group of tourists has medium EC, followed by low and high ones. Thus, the outcome demonstrates that the majority of beachgoers have insufficient levels of EC and intention to behave in an environmentally friendly manner. Originality of the research – The research includes exceptional variables to demonstrate the level of tourists’ EC and the most probable behaviour of derived groups. Moreover, the statistical analysis provides socio-geographic characteristics of these groups of tourists. Thus, the investigation serves local policymakers as a complementary tool to design an adequate management model of sustainable tourism development.
Mariia Iamkovaia; Manuel Arcila; Filomena Cardoso Martins; Alfredo Izquierdo. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF BEACH TOURISTS. Tourism and hospitality management 2020, 26, 399 -417.
AMA StyleMariia Iamkovaia, Manuel Arcila, Filomena Cardoso Martins, Alfredo Izquierdo. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF BEACH TOURISTS. Tourism and hospitality management. 2020; 26 (2):399-417.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMariia Iamkovaia; Manuel Arcila; Filomena Cardoso Martins; Alfredo Izquierdo. 2020. "ENVIRONMENTAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF BEACH TOURISTS." Tourism and hospitality management 26, no. 2: 399-417.
Climate simulations for the North Atlantic and Europe for recent and future conditions simulated with the regionally coupled ROM model are analyzed and compared to the results from the MPI‐ESM. The ROM simulations also include a biogeochemistry and ocean tides. For recent climate conditions, ROM generally improves the simulations compared to the driving model MPI‐ESM. Reduced oceanic biases in the Northern Atlantic are found, as well as a better simulation of the atmospheric circulation, notably storm tracks and blocking. Regarding future climate projections for the 21st century following the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, MPI‐ESM and ROM largely agree qualitatively on the climate change signal over Europe. However, many important differences are identified. For example, ROM shows an SST cooling in the Subpolar Gyre which is not present in MPI‐ESM. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, ROM Arctic sea ice cover is thinner and reaches the seasonally ice‐free state by 2055, well before MPI‐ESM. This shows the decisive importance of higher ocean resolution and regional coupling for determining the regional responses to global warming trends. Regarding biogeochemistry, both ROM and MPI‐ESM simulate a widespread decline in winter nutrient concentration in the North Atlantic of up to ~35%. On the other hand, the phytoplankton spring bloom in the Arctic and in the North‐Western Atlantic starts earlier and the yearly primary production is enhanced in the Arctic in the late 21st century. These results clearly demonstrate the added value of ROM to determine more detailed and more reliable climate projections at the regional scale.
Dmitry V. Sein; Matthias Gröger; William Cabos; Francisco J. Alvarez‐Garcia; Stefan Hagemann; Joaquim G. Pinto; Alfredo Izquierdo; Alba De La Vara; Nikolay V. Koldunov; Anton Yu. Dvornikov; Natalia Limareva; Evgenia Alekseeva; Benjamin Martinez‐Lopez; Daniela Jacob. Regionally Coupled Atmosphere‐Ocean‐Marine Biogeochemistry Model ROM: 2. Studying the Climate Change Signal in the North Atlantic and Europe. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 2020, 12, 1 .
AMA StyleDmitry V. Sein, Matthias Gröger, William Cabos, Francisco J. Alvarez‐Garcia, Stefan Hagemann, Joaquim G. Pinto, Alfredo Izquierdo, Alba De La Vara, Nikolay V. Koldunov, Anton Yu. Dvornikov, Natalia Limareva, Evgenia Alekseeva, Benjamin Martinez‐Lopez, Daniela Jacob. Regionally Coupled Atmosphere‐Ocean‐Marine Biogeochemistry Model ROM: 2. Studying the Climate Change Signal in the North Atlantic and Europe. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 2020; 12 (8):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDmitry V. Sein; Matthias Gröger; William Cabos; Francisco J. Alvarez‐Garcia; Stefan Hagemann; Joaquim G. Pinto; Alfredo Izquierdo; Alba De La Vara; Nikolay V. Koldunov; Anton Yu. Dvornikov; Natalia Limareva; Evgenia Alekseeva; Benjamin Martinez‐Lopez; Daniela Jacob. 2020. "Regionally Coupled Atmosphere‐Ocean‐Marine Biogeochemistry Model ROM: 2. Studying the Climate Change Signal in the North Atlantic and Europe." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 12, no. 8: 1.
We analyze the climate change signal in the Mediterranean Sea using the regionally coupled model REMO–OASIS–MPIOM (ROM; abbreviated from the regional atmosphere model, the OASIS3 coupler and the Max Planck Institute Ocean Model). The ROM oceanic component is global with regionally high horizontal resolution in the Mediterranean Sea so that the water exchanges with the adjacent North Atlantic and Black Sea are explicitly simulated. Simulations forced by ERA-Interim show an accurate representation of the present Mediterranean climate. Our analysis of the RCP8.5 (representative concentration pathway) scenario using the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model shows that the Mediterranean waters will be warmer and saltier throughout most of the basin by the end of this century. In the upper ocean layer, temperature is projected to have a mean increase of 2.7 ∘C, while the mean salinity will increase by 0.2 psu, presenting a decreasing trend in the western Mediterranean in contrast to the rest of the basin. The warming initially takes place at the surface and propagates gradually to deeper layers. Hydrographic changes have an impact on intermediate water characteristics, potentially affecting the Mediterranean thermohaline circulation in the future.
Ivan M. Parras-Berrocal; Ruben Vazquez; William Cabos; Dmitry Sein; Rafael Mañanes; Juan Perez-Sanz; Alfredo Izquierdo. The climate change signal in the Mediterranean Sea in a regionally coupled atmosphere–ocean model. Ocean Science 2020, 16, 743 -765.
AMA StyleIvan M. Parras-Berrocal, Ruben Vazquez, William Cabos, Dmitry Sein, Rafael Mañanes, Juan Perez-Sanz, Alfredo Izquierdo. The climate change signal in the Mediterranean Sea in a regionally coupled atmosphere–ocean model. Ocean Science. 2020; 16 (3):743-765.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvan M. Parras-Berrocal; Ruben Vazquez; William Cabos; Dmitry Sein; Rafael Mañanes; Juan Perez-Sanz; Alfredo Izquierdo. 2020. "The climate change signal in the Mediterranean Sea in a regionally coupled atmosphere–ocean model." Ocean Science 16, no. 3: 743-765.
Coastal food services are an important segment within ‘sea and sun’ tourism. They have a direct impact on the environment from liquid and solid waste generation, air contamination, and excessive energy and water consumption. Mass tourism and the contemporary threat of climate change enhance the anthropogenic intrusion, especially in vulnerable coastal zones. To prevent overexploitation of the coastal zones, the adaptation of the sustainable principles by coastal stakeholders is an urgent matter. Thus, this study aims to design a model of sustainable development for restaurants and to examine the level of its adoption by seaside restaurant owners in two touristic beach areas of Cadiz province, Spain. A questionnaire was performed during the high summer season in 2018. The obtained data was analysed by IBM SPSS software. The survey results showed that the model of sustainable development has been poorly adopted by restaurant managers. Foreign managers of international restaurants are less involved in the adoption of the sustainable model in comparison to Spanish restaurant owners. Moreover, restaurants that have been opened more than 10–20 years provide a more sustainable way of business operation in comparison with newly established food service organizations.
Mariia Iamkovaia; Manuel Arcila; Filomena Cardoso Martins; Alfredo Izquierdo. Sustainable Development of Coastal Food Services. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3728 .
AMA StyleMariia Iamkovaia, Manuel Arcila, Filomena Cardoso Martins, Alfredo Izquierdo. Sustainable Development of Coastal Food Services. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (13):3728.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMariia Iamkovaia; Manuel Arcila; Filomena Cardoso Martins; Alfredo Izquierdo. 2019. "Sustainable Development of Coastal Food Services." Sustainability 11, no. 13: 3728.
The main features of the surface currents in the Strait of Gibraltar and Algeciras Bay are analyzed from the numerical results of three-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling, complemented and validated through observational data. The relative contributions of the main processes affecting the surface current patterns (i.e. mean background flows, barotropic tide, baroclinic internal waves, and wind regime) are described and interpreted, focusing on their effects on surface transport-dispersion processes, with special attention paid to the simulation and prediction of the evolution of oil spills and other marine pollutants in this sensitive environment in the context of coastal management. In general, the mean background surface flow promotes eastward transport in the Strait and re-circulation patterns within Algeciras Bay, with inflows and outflows mainly near the western and eastern coasts, respectively. The barotropic tide produces periodic reversals of water transport (and hence higher persistence and re-entrance processes) on the western side of the Strait and within the Bay, while its effects are generally weaker than the mean eastward flow in the eastern region. Baroclinic, tide-induced, short-period internal waves are responsible for occasional local high-divergence of the current field, with effects on the surface transport-dispersion processes. Finally, the wind regimes commonly present in this environment (mainly easterlies and westerlies) generally modulate the transport intensity in the Strait, while affecting more strongly the surface transport patterns within Algeciras Bay. Outputs from the developed metocean modeling system fed a Lagrangian particle-tracking model, validated by drifting-buoy data, to reproduce past oil spill events: the tanker Sea Spirit in the western Strait of Gibraltar (1990), and the ships Fedra and Tawe in Algeciras Bay (2008), each well documented and characterized by different metocean conditions and spill quantities. The predicted time-spatial distribution of the oil slicks and affected coasts were compared with available reports and photographs, showing that the strongly baroclinic oceanographic regime of the Strait of Gibraltar and Algeciras Bay demands a fully 3-D approach to simulate properly the behavior of surface pollutant spills in these environments, in order to achieve an efficient management by supporting risk assessment, contingency planning and palliation activities.
Carlos J. González; Emma Reyes; Óscar Álvarez; Alfredo Izquierdo; Miguel Bruno; Rafael Mañanes. Surface currents and transport processes in the Strait of Gibraltar: Implications for modeling and management of pollutant spills. Ocean & Coastal Management 2019, 179, 104869 .
AMA StyleCarlos J. González, Emma Reyes, Óscar Álvarez, Alfredo Izquierdo, Miguel Bruno, Rafael Mañanes. Surface currents and transport processes in the Strait of Gibraltar: Implications for modeling and management of pollutant spills. Ocean & Coastal Management. 2019; 179 ():104869.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos J. González; Emma Reyes; Óscar Álvarez; Alfredo Izquierdo; Miguel Bruno; Rafael Mañanes. 2019. "Surface currents and transport processes in the Strait of Gibraltar: Implications for modeling and management of pollutant spills." Ocean & Coastal Management 179, no. : 104869.
Coastal upwelling systems are very important from the socio-economic point of view due to their high productivity, but they are also vulnerable under changing climate. The impact of climate change on the Canary Current Upwelling System (CCUS) has been studied in recent years by different authors. However, these studies show contradictory results on the question whether coastal upwelling will be more intense or weak in the next decades. One of the reasons for this uncertainty is the low resolution of climate models, making it difficult to properly resolve coastal zone processes. To solve this issue, we propose the use of a high-resolution regional climate coupled model. In this work we evaluate the performance of the regional climate coupled model ROM (REMO-OASIS-MPIOM) in the influence zone of the CCUS as a first step towards a regional climate change scenario downscaling. The results were compared to the output of the global Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) showing a significant improvement.
Ruben Vazquez; Ivan Parras-Berrocal; William Cabos; Dmitry V. Sein; Rafael Mañanes; Juan I. Perez; Alfredo Izquierdo. Climate Evaluation of a High-Resolution Regional Model over the Canary Current Upwelling System. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 2019, 240 -252.
AMA StyleRuben Vazquez, Ivan Parras-Berrocal, William Cabos, Dmitry V. Sein, Rafael Mañanes, Juan I. Perez, Alfredo Izquierdo. Climate Evaluation of a High-Resolution Regional Model over the Canary Current Upwelling System. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV. 2019; ():240-252.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuben Vazquez; Ivan Parras-Berrocal; William Cabos; Dmitry V. Sein; Rafael Mañanes; Juan I. Perez; Alfredo Izquierdo. 2019. "Climate Evaluation of a High-Resolution Regional Model over the Canary Current Upwelling System." Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV , no. : 240-252.
Drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (dFADs) are small drifting platforms with an attached solar powered buoy that report their position with daily frequency via GPS. We use data of 9,440 drifting objects provided by a buoys manufacturing company, to test the predictions of surface current velocity provided by two of the main models: the NEMO model used by Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) and the HYCOM model used by the Global Ocean Forecast System (GOFS).
Karan Bedi; David Gómez-Ullate; Alfredo Izquierdo; Tomás Fernández MontBlanc. Validating Ocean General Circulation Models via Lagrangian Particle Simulation and Data from Drifting Buoys. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 2019, 253 -264.
AMA StyleKaran Bedi, David Gómez-Ullate, Alfredo Izquierdo, Tomás Fernández MontBlanc. Validating Ocean General Circulation Models via Lagrangian Particle Simulation and Data from Drifting Buoys. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV. 2019; ():253-264.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaran Bedi; David Gómez-Ullate; Alfredo Izquierdo; Tomás Fernández MontBlanc. 2019. "Validating Ocean General Circulation Models via Lagrangian Particle Simulation and Data from Drifting Buoys." Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV , no. : 253-264.
A 3-D nonlinear, finite-difference, high-resolution, hydrodynamic model, extended with a direct implementation of the non-hydrostatic pressure, is applied to study the influence of the non-hydrostatic contribution to the generation and propagation of short-period wave fronts (less than 1 h) in the domain of the Gibraltar Strait. The generation, rupture and propagation of these waves and their free surface manifestations are shown. Calculations of the model show its ability to generate surface wave fronts. However, differences in the period and wavelength of the generated baroclinic waves are evident when hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic results are compared. In particular, the non-hydrostatic contribution tends to generate short-period waves with longer wavelengths and periods with respect to the hydrostatic values. An increase of the non-hydrostatic short-period wavelengths from the Camarinal Sill towards the Mediterranean Sea is also plausible. This increase is induced by changes in the thickness of the deeper layer that influences the disintegration of wave fronts into wave trains and the imbalance of non-hydrostatic and non-linear contributions. Sensitivity analyses show that grid resolution is a key factor due to the potential generation of spurious non-hydrostatic processes, including numerical dispersion induced by a low grid resolution. It is shown that this numerical non-hydrostatic process could generate similar results in hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic simulations when the spatial resolution is comparable to the wavelengths. Results also show the ability of the direct implementation of the non-hydrostatic model to reproduce the main features in a real case, such as the Strait of Gibraltar.
Óscar Álvarez; Alfredo Izquierdo; Carlos J. González; Miguel Bruno; Rafael Mañanes. Some considerations about non-hydrostatic vs. hydrostatic simulation of short-period internal waves. A case study: The Strait of Gibraltar. Continental Shelf Research 2019, 181, 174 -186.
AMA StyleÓscar Álvarez, Alfredo Izquierdo, Carlos J. González, Miguel Bruno, Rafael Mañanes. Some considerations about non-hydrostatic vs. hydrostatic simulation of short-period internal waves. A case study: The Strait of Gibraltar. Continental Shelf Research. 2019; 181 ():174-186.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÓscar Álvarez; Alfredo Izquierdo; Carlos J. González; Miguel Bruno; Rafael Mañanes. 2019. "Some considerations about non-hydrostatic vs. hydrostatic simulation of short-period internal waves. A case study: The Strait of Gibraltar." Continental Shelf Research 181, no. : 174-186.
We assess the role of ocean feedbacks in the simulation of the present climate and on the downscaled climate change signal in the Mediterranean Sea with the regionally coupled model REMO-OASIS-MPIOM (ROM). The ROM oceanic component is global with regionally high horizontal resolution in the Mediterranean Sea. In our setup the Atlantic and Black Sea circulations are simulated explicitly. Simulations forced by ERA-Interim show a good representation of the present Mediterranean climate. Our analysis of the RCP8.5 scenario driven by MPI-ESM shows that the Mediterranean waters will be warmer and saltier across most of the basin by the end of the century. In the upper ocean layer temperature is projected to have a mean increase of 2.73 °C, while the mean salinity increases by 0.17 psu, presenting a decreasing trend in the Western Mediterranean, opposite to the rest of the basin. The warming initially takes place at the surface and propagates gradually to the deeper layers.
Ivan Parras-Berrocal; Ruben Vazquez; William Cabos; Dmitry Sein; Rafael Mañanes; Juan Perez-Sanz; Alfredo Izquierdo. The climate change signal in the Mediterranean Sea in a regionally coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Ocean Science Discussions 2019, 1 -28.
AMA StyleIvan Parras-Berrocal, Ruben Vazquez, William Cabos, Dmitry Sein, Rafael Mañanes, Juan Perez-Sanz, Alfredo Izquierdo. The climate change signal in the Mediterranean Sea in a regionally coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Ocean Science Discussions. 2019; ():1-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvan Parras-Berrocal; Ruben Vazquez; William Cabos; Dmitry Sein; Rafael Mañanes; Juan Perez-Sanz; Alfredo Izquierdo. 2019. "The climate change signal in the Mediterranean Sea in a regionally coupled ocean-atmosphere model." Ocean Science Discussions , no. : 1-28.
A bay's capacity to buffer fluvial fluxes between the land and sea is sensitive to hydrological changes that can affect its water renewal rates. In Cartagena Bay, Colombia, pollution issues have been associated with freshwater fluxes which are projected to increase in future years. This has led to plans to reduce freshwater flows by constructing upstream hydraulic doors. Given the influence of freshwater discharge on coastal water renewal, it is important to assess how these upstream changes will affect the bay's hydrodynamic processes. This study calibrated the 3D MOHID Water model, configured with a high-resolution mixed vertical discretization to capture the bay's characteristic processes of vertical stratification and mixing. A Lagrangian transport model was used to analyze the flow of passive particle tracers and calculate water renewal time scales. Mean residence times of 3–6 days and flushing times of 10–20 days for canal water were found, while mean residence times of 23–33 days and flushing times of 70–99 days were calculated for the bay's complete water volume. An assessment of future scenarios showed that increases in freshwater runoff would result in faster water renewal in the bay, while plans to decrease freshwater discharge would result in slower water renewal in the bay. It is therefore imperative that any plans for reducing fluvial fluxes into the bay be accompanied by the control of local pollution sources, which are abundant and could worsen the bay's water quality issues should water renewal times become longer.
Marko Tosic; Flávio Martins; Serguei Lonin; Alfredo Izquierdo; Juan Darío Restrepo. Hydrodynamic modelling of a polluted tropical bay: Assessment of anthropogenic impacts on freshwater runoff and estuarine water renewal. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 236, 695 -714.
AMA StyleMarko Tosic, Flávio Martins, Serguei Lonin, Alfredo Izquierdo, Juan Darío Restrepo. Hydrodynamic modelling of a polluted tropical bay: Assessment of anthropogenic impacts on freshwater runoff and estuarine water renewal. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 236 ():695-714.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarko Tosic; Flávio Martins; Serguei Lonin; Alfredo Izquierdo; Juan Darío Restrepo. 2019. "Hydrodynamic modelling of a polluted tropical bay: Assessment of anthropogenic impacts on freshwater runoff and estuarine water renewal." Journal of Environmental Management 236, no. : 695-714.
Marko Tosic; Juan Darío Restrepo; Serguei Lonin; Alfredo Izquierdo; Flávio Martins. Water and sediment quality in Cartagena Bay, Colombia: Seasonal variability and potential impacts of pollution. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 2019, 216, 187 -203.
AMA StyleMarko Tosic, Juan Darío Restrepo, Serguei Lonin, Alfredo Izquierdo, Flávio Martins. Water and sediment quality in Cartagena Bay, Colombia: Seasonal variability and potential impacts of pollution. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2019; 216 ():187-203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarko Tosic; Juan Darío Restrepo; Serguei Lonin; Alfredo Izquierdo; Flávio Martins. 2019. "Water and sediment quality in Cartagena Bay, Colombia: Seasonal variability and potential impacts of pollution." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 216, no. : 187-203.
Metocean modeling resources from an operational oceanography system are applied to assess the hazard of bacterial contamination, resulting from domestic/industrial wastewater discharged into potential bivalve mollusk harvesting areas in Cadiz Bay (Andalusia). The proposed methodology is aimed to at meeting the European Union regulations and best practices for the management and monitoring of this harvesting activity. Modeled current fields, corresponding to scenarios with different wind and tidal conditions, are incorporated in a Lagrangian particle-tracking model, specifically designed to simulate the fate of the bacterial content of wastewaters discharged into the Bay. Numerical results are used to obtain various indices of occurrence and hazard maps of fecal contamination in seawater. The proposed indices also allow estimating fecal contamination fields if appropriate information of discharges and bacterial loads of the wastewater sources are available. Qualitative validation of results shows considerable agreement with measured contamination patterns. The areas with highest exposure to bacterial contamination are the Sancti Petri Channel and the central region of the Inner Bay, although a substantial variability depending on wind conditions is found. Unauthorized occasional wastewater discharges have a considerable impact on local water quality, while regulated wastewater sources are responsible for the larger-scale bacterial contamination pattern. The methodology developed is exportable to other environments and coastal management activities.
Carlos J. González; Alfredo Izquierdo; Óscar Álvarez; Miguel Bruno; Rafael Mañanes; Ivone Alejandra Czerwinski; Francisco P. Zurita. Hazard assessment of bacterial contamination in coastal waters using a metocean modeling system: Application to bivalve mollusk harvesting areas in Cadiz Bay (SW Spain). Ocean & Coastal Management 2018, 166, 31 -39.
AMA StyleCarlos J. González, Alfredo Izquierdo, Óscar Álvarez, Miguel Bruno, Rafael Mañanes, Ivone Alejandra Czerwinski, Francisco P. Zurita. Hazard assessment of bacterial contamination in coastal waters using a metocean modeling system: Application to bivalve mollusk harvesting areas in Cadiz Bay (SW Spain). Ocean & Coastal Management. 2018; 166 ():31-39.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos J. González; Alfredo Izquierdo; Óscar Álvarez; Miguel Bruno; Rafael Mañanes; Ivone Alejandra Czerwinski; Francisco P. Zurita. 2018. "Hazard assessment of bacterial contamination in coastal waters using a metocean modeling system: Application to bivalve mollusk harvesting areas in Cadiz Bay (SW Spain)." Ocean & Coastal Management 166, no. : 31-39.
Marko Tosic; Juan Darío Restrepo; Alfredo Izquierdo; Serguei Lonin; Flávio Martins; Rogger Escobar. An integrated approach for the assessment of land-based pollution loads in the coastal zone. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 2018, 211, 217 -226.
AMA StyleMarko Tosic, Juan Darío Restrepo, Alfredo Izquierdo, Serguei Lonin, Flávio Martins, Rogger Escobar. An integrated approach for the assessment of land-based pollution loads in the coastal zone. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2018; 211 ():217-226.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarko Tosic; Juan Darío Restrepo; Alfredo Izquierdo; Serguei Lonin; Flávio Martins; Rogger Escobar. 2018. "An integrated approach for the assessment of land-based pollution loads in the coastal zone." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 211, no. : 217-226.
The impact of tides on the spreading of the Mediterranean Outflow Waters (MOW) in the Gulf of Cadiz is investigated through a series of targeted numerical experiments using an ocean general circulation model. The full ephimeridic luni-solar tidal potential is included as forcing. The model grid is global with a strong zoom around the Iberian Peninsula. Thus, the interaction of processes of different space and time scales, which are involved in the MOW spreading, is enabled. This is of particular importance in the Strait of Gibraltar and the Gulf of Cádiz, where the width of the MOW plume is a few tens of km. The experiment with enabled tides successfully simulates the main tidal features of the North Atlantic and in the Gulf of Cádiz and the Strait of Gibraltar. The comparison of the fields from simulations with and without tidal forcing shows drastically different MOW pathways in the Gulf of Cádiz: The experiment without tides shows an excessive southwestward spreading of Mediterranean Waters along the North African slope, whereas the run with tides is closer to climatology. A detailed analysis indicates that tidal residual currents in the Gulf of Cádiz are the main cause for these differences.
Alfredo Izquierdo; Uwe Mikolajewicz. The role of tides in the spreading of Mediterranean Outflow waters along the southwestern Iberian margin. Ocean Modelling 2018, 133, 27 -43.
AMA StyleAlfredo Izquierdo, Uwe Mikolajewicz. The role of tides in the spreading of Mediterranean Outflow waters along the southwestern Iberian margin. Ocean Modelling. 2018; 133 ():27-43.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfredo Izquierdo; Uwe Mikolajewicz. 2018. "The role of tides in the spreading of Mediterranean Outflow waters along the southwestern Iberian margin." Ocean Modelling 133, no. : 27-43.
Carlos José González; Marina Bolado-Penagos; Juan Jesús Gomiz-Pascual; Rafael Mañanes; Óscar Álvarez; Alfredo Izquierdo; Miguel Bruno. SCILLA: A SCIENTIFIC/LEARNING LAGRANGIAN MODEL FOR TEACHING TRANSPORT-DISPERSION PROCESSES IN MARINE SCIENCES, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND COASTAL MANAGEMENT DEGREES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CADIZ (SPAIN). INTED2018 Proceedings 2018, 8377 -8383.
AMA StyleCarlos José González, Marina Bolado-Penagos, Juan Jesús Gomiz-Pascual, Rafael Mañanes, Óscar Álvarez, Alfredo Izquierdo, Miguel Bruno. SCILLA: A SCIENTIFIC/LEARNING LAGRANGIAN MODEL FOR TEACHING TRANSPORT-DISPERSION PROCESSES IN MARINE SCIENCES, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND COASTAL MANAGEMENT DEGREES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CADIZ (SPAIN). INTED2018 Proceedings. 2018; ():8377-8383.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos José González; Marina Bolado-Penagos; Juan Jesús Gomiz-Pascual; Rafael Mañanes; Óscar Álvarez; Alfredo Izquierdo; Miguel Bruno. 2018. "SCILLA: A SCIENTIFIC/LEARNING LAGRANGIAN MODEL FOR TEACHING TRANSPORT-DISPERSION PROCESSES IN MARINE SCIENCES, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND COASTAL MANAGEMENT DEGREES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CADIZ (SPAIN)." INTED2018 Proceedings , no. : 8377-8383.