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Prof. Jorge Pérez-Gómez
University of Extremadura

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Journal article
Published: 24 August 2021 in Sensors
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The aim of the study was to determine the between-match and between-halves match variability of various Global Positioning System (GPS) variables and metabolic power average (MPA) in competitions, based on the match results obtained by professional soccer players over a full season. Observations on individual match performance measures were undertaken on thirteen outfield players competing in the Iranian Premier League. The measures selected for analysis included total duration, accelerations in zones (AccZ1, 2, and 3), decelerations in zones (DecZ1, 2, and 3), and MPA collected by the Wearable Inertial Measurement Unit (WIMU). The GPS manufacturer set the thresholds for the variables analyzed as follows: AccZ1 (4 m·s−2); DecZ1 (<−2 m·s−2); DecZ2 (−2 to −4 m·s−2); DecZ3 (>−4 m·s−2). The results revealed significant differences between wins and draws for the duration of the match and draws compared to wins for the first- half duration (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 0.36 [−0.43, 1.12]), (p ≤ 0.05; ES = −7.0 [−8.78, −4.78], respectively. There were significant differences on AccZ1 during the first-half between draws and defeats (p ≤ 0.05; ES = −0.43 [−1.32, 0.46]), for AccZ3 in the second-half between draws and defeats (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 1.37 [0.48, 2.25]). In addition, there were significant differences between wins and draws (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 0.22 [−0.62, 1.10]), and wins and defeats for MPA in the first- half (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 0.34 [−0.65, 1.22]). MPA showed further differences between draws and defeats in the second- half (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 0.57 [−0.22, 1.35]). Descriptive analysis revealed differences between the first and second half for wins in AccZ2 (p = 0.005), DecZ2 (p = 0.029), and MPA (p = 0.048). In addition, draws showed significant differences between the first and second half in duration, AccZ1, AccZ2, and DecZ2 (p = 0.008), (p = 0.017), (p = 0.040), and (p = 0.037) respectively. Defeats showed differences between the first and second half in AccZ1, AccZ3, and MPA (p = 0.001), (p = 0.018), and (p = 0.003) respectively. In summary, the study reveals large variations between the match duration, accelerometer variables, and MPA both within and between matches. Regardless of the match outcome, the first half seems to produce greater outputs. The results should be considered when performing a half-time re-warm-up, as this may be an additional factor influencing the drop in the intensity markers in the second half in conjunction with factors such as fatigue, pacing strategies, and other contextual variables that may influence the results.

ACS Style

Hadi Nobari; Norbert Keshish Banoocy; Rafael Oliveira; Jorge Pérez-Gómez. Win, Draw, or Lose? Global Positioning System-Based Variables’ Effect on the Match Outcome: A Full-Season Study on an Iranian Professional Soccer Team. Sensors 2021, 21, 5695 .

AMA Style

Hadi Nobari, Norbert Keshish Banoocy, Rafael Oliveira, Jorge Pérez-Gómez. Win, Draw, or Lose? Global Positioning System-Based Variables’ Effect on the Match Outcome: A Full-Season Study on an Iranian Professional Soccer Team. Sensors. 2021; 21 (17):5695.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadi Nobari; Norbert Keshish Banoocy; Rafael Oliveira; Jorge Pérez-Gómez. 2021. "Win, Draw, or Lose? Global Positioning System-Based Variables’ Effect on the Match Outcome: A Full-Season Study on an Iranian Professional Soccer Team." Sensors 21, no. 17: 5695.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Aging is a global phenomenon affecting numerous developed and developing countries. During this process, the functional state of the body, especially the cognitive state, declines. This research investigated the impact of virtual reality exercises on the cognitive status and dual-task performance in the elderly of Tabriz city, Iran. Forty men with a mean age of 71.5 were selected and assigned to either the experimental (n = 20) or control groups (n = 20). Both groups completed the Mini-Mental State Examination for cognitive status. The pre-test was performed through the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) along with a countdown of numbers. Then, the experimental group practiced virtual driving for six weeks, while the control group received no treatment. After the treatment, both groups completed the post-test. At each stage, the test was performed as a dual motor task as well. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test and the independent sample t-test to show the intra-group and inter-group differences, respectively. The results showed a significant improvement in the cognitive status and dual-task performance of the elderly men after the six-week training period, which was also significant compared to the control group. Virtual reality driving can be used to improve the cognitive status and dual task performance of elderly men.

ACS Style

Hadi Nobari; Saeed Rezaei; Mahmoud Sheikh; Juan Fuentes-García; Jorge Pérez-Gómez. Effect of Virtual Reality Exercises on the Cognitive Status and Dual Motor Task Performance of the Aging Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 8005 .

AMA Style

Hadi Nobari, Saeed Rezaei, Mahmoud Sheikh, Juan Fuentes-García, Jorge Pérez-Gómez. Effect of Virtual Reality Exercises on the Cognitive Status and Dual Motor Task Performance of the Aging Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (15):8005.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadi Nobari; Saeed Rezaei; Mahmoud Sheikh; Juan Fuentes-García; Jorge Pérez-Gómez. 2021. "Effect of Virtual Reality Exercises on the Cognitive Status and Dual Motor Task Performance of the Aging Population." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 8005.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the intragroup differences in weekly training monotony (TM) and training strain (TS) between starter and non-starter male professional soccer players at accelerometry based variables throughout the periods of a season. TM and TS of different accelerations and decelerations zones for twenty-one players were followed for forty-eight weeks. Regardless of group, players obtained the highest mean TM (starters = 3.3 ± 0.6, non-starters = 2.2 ± 1.1, in arbitrary unit, AU) and TS (starters = 1288.9 ± 265.2, non-starters = 765.4 ± 547.5, AU) scores in the pre-season for accelerations at Zone 1 (4 m/s2) across the entire season. While the starters showed the highest TM and TS scores at deceleration Zone 1 (<−2 m/s2) in the end-season, the non-starters exhibited the highest scores at the deceleration Zone 1 in pre-season. It seems that in pre-season, coaches applied higher levels of training with greater emphasis on deceleration for non-starters. This tendency was reduced over time for non-starters, while starters presented higher values of deceleration Zone 1. These results highlight the variations in TM and TS across the different periods of a full season according to match starting status among professional soccer players, and the results suggest that non-starter players should receive higher levels of load to compensate for non-participation in matches throughout a soccer season.

ACS Style

Hadi Nobari; Mustafa Sögüt; Rafael Oliveira; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Katsuhiko Suzuki; Hassane Zouhal. Wearable Inertial Measurement Unit to Accelerometer-Based Training Monotony and Strain during a Soccer Season: A within-Group Study for Starters and Non-Starters. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 8007 .

AMA Style

Hadi Nobari, Mustafa Sögüt, Rafael Oliveira, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Hassane Zouhal. Wearable Inertial Measurement Unit to Accelerometer-Based Training Monotony and Strain during a Soccer Season: A within-Group Study for Starters and Non-Starters. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (15):8007.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadi Nobari; Mustafa Sögüt; Rafael Oliveira; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Katsuhiko Suzuki; Hassane Zouhal. 2021. "Wearable Inertial Measurement Unit to Accelerometer-Based Training Monotony and Strain during a Soccer Season: A within-Group Study for Starters and Non-Starters." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 8007.

Journal article
Published: 22 July 2021 in Applied Sciences
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The aims of this study were to analyze the within-group weekly metabolic power average (wMPA), weekly acceleration zones (wAcZ), and weekly deceleration zones (wDcZ), in starter and non-starter professional soccer players, based on different periods of the full season (pre-, early-, mid-, and end-season). Twenty-one professional soccer players (age, 28.3 ± 3.8 years; height, 181.2 ± 7.1 cm; body mass, 74.5 ± 7.7 kg; BMI, 22.6 ± 1.0 kg·m2) were monitored during the full season in the highest level of the Iranian Premier League. WMPA, wAcZ, and wDcZ at three different zones (wAcZ1, wAcZ2, wAcZ3, wDcZ1, wDcZ2, wDcZ3) were collected using Global Positioning System. ANOVA was applied to analyze within-group changes across the different periods of the full season. In general, starters presented higher values in the beginning of the season (pre- and early-season) and lower values at mid- and end-season. Specifically, starters showed significant differences in early- vs. mid-season for wMPA, wAcZ1, and wDcZ1 (p< 0.05), plus early- vs. end-season for wMPA and wAcZ1 (p< 0.01). In addition, non-starters showed higher values in the pre-season that decreased until the end-season for wMPA, wAcZ1, and wDcZ1. Regarding wAcZ2, wDcZ2, wAcZ3, and wDcZ3, non-starters presented higher values in early-season that decreased until the end-season. Specifically, non-starters showed significant differences in pre- vs. mid-season for wMPA, wAcZ1, and wDcZ1; pre- vs. end-season for wMPA, wDcZ1, wDccZ2, and wDcZ3; early- vs. mid-season for wMPA, wAcZ1, wDcZ1, wAcZ2, and wDccZ2; early- vs. end-season for wMPA, wAcZ1, wDcZ1, wAcZ2 wDccZ2, wAcZ3, and wDcZ3; and mid- vs. end-season for wMPA, wAcZ1, and wAcZ3 (p< 0.05). In conclusion, starters were revealed to have higher values in pre- and early-season, and lower values in mid- to end-season, while non-starters were revealed to have lower load values in pre- and end-season and higher load values in early- and mid-season. This study provides extra insights over the season for starters and non-starters, respectively. Data can be used by coaches to better training periodization across soccer season.

ACS Style

Hadi Nobari; Rafael Oliveira; Marefat Siahkouhian; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Florin Cazan; Luca Ardigò. Variations of Accelerometer and Metabolic Power Global Positioning System Variables across a Soccer Season: A Within-Group Study for Starters and Non-Starters. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 6747 .

AMA Style

Hadi Nobari, Rafael Oliveira, Marefat Siahkouhian, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, Florin Cazan, Luca Ardigò. Variations of Accelerometer and Metabolic Power Global Positioning System Variables across a Soccer Season: A Within-Group Study for Starters and Non-Starters. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (15):6747.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadi Nobari; Rafael Oliveira; Marefat Siahkouhian; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Florin Cazan; Luca Ardigò. 2021. "Variations of Accelerometer and Metabolic Power Global Positioning System Variables across a Soccer Season: A Within-Group Study for Starters and Non-Starters." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15: 6747.

Journal article
Published: 03 July 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of physical guidance (PG) frequency on learning a tracking task in children with hemiplegic spastic cerebral palsy (CP). For this purpose, 25 children, aged 7–15 years with CP affecting the left side of the body, who were classified in levels II–III of Manual Abilities Classification System (MACS) and levels III–IV of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), were recruited from 10 clinical centers. A pre-test including two blocks of 12 trials of the tracking task without any PG was performed by all participants, after that they were assigned into five homogenous groups (with 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0% of PG) through blocked randomization according to their age. All participants involved in an intervention consisted of eight sessions (four blocks of 12 trials in each session) practicing a tracking task. The 0% PG group received no PG, the 25% PG group received PG for three trials, the 50% PG group received PG for six trials, the 75% PG group received PG for nine trials, and the 100% PG group received PG for all twelve trials. PG consisted of placing the experimenter’s hand around the child’s less-involved hand guiding to stay on the track and complete the task. Learning was inferred by acquisition and delayed retention tests. The results showed that the higher frequency of PG led to more accurate performance during practice phase. However, the group that received 75% PG had significantly better performance compared to the other groups in the retention phase. It is concluded that optimum level of PG, about 75% of trials, can be helpful for learning a tracking task in children with spastic hemiplegic CP, supporting the challenge point framework.

ACS Style

Hadi Nobari; Elham Azimzadeh; Hamidollah Hassanlouei; Georgian Badicu; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Luca Ardigò. Effect of Physical Guidance on Learning a Tracking Task in Children with Cerebral Palsy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7136 .

AMA Style

Hadi Nobari, Elham Azimzadeh, Hamidollah Hassanlouei, Georgian Badicu, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, Luca Ardigò. Effect of Physical Guidance on Learning a Tracking Task in Children with Cerebral Palsy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (13):7136.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadi Nobari; Elham Azimzadeh; Hamidollah Hassanlouei; Georgian Badicu; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Luca Ardigò. 2021. "Effect of Physical Guidance on Learning a Tracking Task in Children with Cerebral Palsy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13: 7136.

Short communication
Published: 29 June 2021 in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
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Different exercise patterns, neurotransmitters, and some genes have numerous effects on learning and memory. This research aims to investigate the long-term effects of submaximal aerobic exercise on spatial memory (SM), passive avoidance learning (PAL), levels of serum relaxin-3, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), RLN3 gene, and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65/67 genes) in the brainstem of adult male Wistar rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: aerobic exercise groups, performed on a treadmill running (TR), for 5 weeks (Ex5, n = 10), 10 weeks (Ex10, n = 10), involuntary running wheel group for 5 weeks (IRW5, n = 10), sham (Sh, n = 10) and control (Co, n = 10). Consequently, SM, PAL, serum relaxin-3, GABA, and GAD65/67 and RLN3 genes were measured by ELISA and PCR. Ex5, Ex10 and IRW5 improved significantly SM (p ≤ 0.05), PAL (p ≤ 0.001) and decreased significantly relaxin-3 (p ≤ 0.001). RLN3 in the brain also decreased. However, it was not significant. GABA and GAD65/GAD67 increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in Ex5, Ex10 compared to Sh and Co. Aerobic exercise enhanced SM and PAL in Ex compared to Co and Sh. However, duration and type of exercise affected the level of enhancement. The serum relaxin-3 and RLN3 gene displayed reverse functions compared to GABA and GAD65/67 genes in Ex. Therefore, the changes of neurotransmitters in serum relaxin-3, GABA, and their genes: RLN3 and GAD65/67 respectively, influenced learning and memory meaningfully.

ACS Style

Mahnaz Sinaei; Hojatollah Alaei; Farzad Nazem; Mehdi Kargarfard; Awat Feizi; Ardeshir Talebi; Abolghasem Esmaeili; Hadi Nobari; Jorge Pérez-Gómez. Endurance exercise improves avoidance learning and spatial memory, through changes in genes of GABA and relaxin-3, in rats. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2021, 566, 204 -210.

AMA Style

Mahnaz Sinaei, Hojatollah Alaei, Farzad Nazem, Mehdi Kargarfard, Awat Feizi, Ardeshir Talebi, Abolghasem Esmaeili, Hadi Nobari, Jorge Pérez-Gómez. Endurance exercise improves avoidance learning and spatial memory, through changes in genes of GABA and relaxin-3, in rats. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2021; 566 ():204-210.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahnaz Sinaei; Hojatollah Alaei; Farzad Nazem; Mehdi Kargarfard; Awat Feizi; Ardeshir Talebi; Abolghasem Esmaeili; Hadi Nobari; Jorge Pérez-Gómez. 2021. "Endurance exercise improves avoidance learning and spatial memory, through changes in genes of GABA and relaxin-3, in rats." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 566, no. : 204-210.

Brief report
Published: 10 June 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis is now present in more than 200 countries. It started in December 2019 and has, so far, led to more than 149, 470,968 cases, 3,152,121 deaths, and 127,133,013 survivors recovered by 28 April 2021. COVID-19 has a high morbidity, and mortality of 2%, on average, whereas most people are treated after a period of time. Some people who recover from COVID-19 are left with 20 to 30% decreased lung function. In this context, exercise focused on skeletal muscle with minimal lung involvement could potentially play an important role. Regular exercise protects against diseases associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. This long-term effect of exercise may be ascribed to the anti-inflammatory response elicited by an acute bout of exercise, which is partly mediated by muscle-derived myokines. The isometric training system seems to have this feature, because this system is involved with the skeletal muscle as the target tissue. However, no studies have examined the effect of exercise on the treatment and recovery of COVID-19, and, more importantly, “muscle–lung cross-talk” as a mechanism for COVID-19 treatment. It is suggested that this theoretical construct be examined by researchers.

ACS Style

Hadi Nobari; Mohamad Fashi; Arezoo Eskandari; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Katsuhiko Suzuki. Potential Improvement in Rehabilitation Quality of 2019 Novel Coronavirus by Isometric Training System; Is There “Muscle-Lung Cross-Talk”? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6304 .

AMA Style

Hadi Nobari, Mohamad Fashi, Arezoo Eskandari, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, Katsuhiko Suzuki. Potential Improvement in Rehabilitation Quality of 2019 Novel Coronavirus by Isometric Training System; Is There “Muscle-Lung Cross-Talk”? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (12):6304.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadi Nobari; Mohamad Fashi; Arezoo Eskandari; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Katsuhiko Suzuki. 2021. "Potential Improvement in Rehabilitation Quality of 2019 Novel Coronavirus by Isometric Training System; Is There “Muscle-Lung Cross-Talk”?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12: 6304.

Review
Published: 09 June 2021 in Biology
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Functional independence in adults is conditioned by lower limb muscle strength. Thus, it seems important to assess lower limb strength using reliable and easy to reproduce measurements. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to collect studies that examined the test-retest reliability of the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST) in adults. The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, including all studies published up to 28 December 2020. To be included, studies had to include relative reliability scores (ICC) and maximum torque or standard error of measurements (SEM) of FTSST. A total of 693 studies were initially identified, but only 8 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis, covering a total of 14 groups with 400 participants. Relative inter-rater reliability results (ICC = 0.937, p< 0.001, n = 400) revealed excellent reliability of FTSST to assess sitting and standing performance, lower limbs strength and balance control. Conclusion: The Five Times Sit to Stand Test is a highly reliable tool for assessing lower limbs strength, balance control, and mobility in both healthy adults and those with pathologies.

ACS Style

Laura Muñoz-Bermejo; José Adsuar; María Mendoza-Muñoz; Sabina Barrios-Fernández; Miguel Garcia-Gordillo; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Jorge Carlos-Vivas. Test-Retest Reliability of Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST) in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biology 2021, 10, 510 .

AMA Style

Laura Muñoz-Bermejo, José Adsuar, María Mendoza-Muñoz, Sabina Barrios-Fernández, Miguel Garcia-Gordillo, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, Jorge Carlos-Vivas. Test-Retest Reliability of Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST) in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biology. 2021; 10 (6):510.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Muñoz-Bermejo; José Adsuar; María Mendoza-Muñoz; Sabina Barrios-Fernández; Miguel Garcia-Gordillo; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Jorge Carlos-Vivas. 2021. "Test-Retest Reliability of Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST) in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Biology 10, no. 6: 510.

Journal article
Published: 02 June 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Soccer is a popular team sport and highly demanding activity that requires high effort and long-term training plans. The goals of this study were to compare the accelerations, decelerations and metabolic power between official and friendly full matches, between the first and second halves of the matches, and between both halves of official and friendly matches. Twelve professional soccer players (age, 28.6 ± 2.7 years; height, 182.1 ± 8.6 cm; body mass, 75.3 ± 8.2 kg; BMI, 22.6 ± 0.7 kg/m2) participated in this study. A total of 33 official and 10 friendly matches were analyzed from the Iranian Premier League. All matches were monitored using GPSPORTS systems Pty Ltd. The following variables were selected: total duration of the matches, metabolic power, accelerations Zone1 (4 m·s−2) (AccZ3), decelerations Zone1 (<−2 m·s−2) (DecZ1), decelerations Zone2 (−2 to −4 m·s−2) (DecZ2) and decelerations Zone3 (>−4 m·s−2) (DecZ3). The major finding was shown in metabolic power, where higher values occurred in friendly matches (p< 0.05 with small effect size). Furthermore, total duration, AccZ3, DecZ1, DecZ2, and DecZ3 were revealed to be higher in official matches, while AccZ1 and AccZ2 were higher in friendly matches. The second half of the official matches revealed higher values for total duration compared to friendly matches (p< 0.05, moderate effect size). In conclusion, this study observed higher values of metabolic power in friendly matches compared to official matches. AccZ3, DecZ1, DecZ2, and DecZ3 were higher in official matches, while AccZ1 and AccZ2 were higher in friendly matches.

ACS Style

Hadi Nobari; Sara Khalili; Rafael Oliveira; Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Luca Ardigò. Comparison of Official and Friendly Matches through Acceleration, Deceleration and Metabolic Power Measures: A Full-Season Study in Professional Soccer Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5980 .

AMA Style

Hadi Nobari, Sara Khalili, Rafael Oliveira, Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, Luca Ardigò. Comparison of Official and Friendly Matches through Acceleration, Deceleration and Metabolic Power Measures: A Full-Season Study in Professional Soccer Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (11):5980.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadi Nobari; Sara Khalili; Rafael Oliveira; Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Luca Ardigò. 2021. "Comparison of Official and Friendly Matches through Acceleration, Deceleration and Metabolic Power Measures: A Full-Season Study in Professional Soccer Players." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 5980.

Research article
Published: 31 May 2021 in BioMed Research International
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The main objective of this study was to device-assess the levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns of older adults during the situation prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, home confinement, and phase-0 of the deescalation. We also aimed to analyse the effectiveness of an unsupervised home-based exercise routine to counteract the potential increase in sedentary behaviour during the periods within the pandemic. A total of 18 noninstitutionalized older adults( 78.4 ± 6.0 y.), members of the Spanish cohort of the EXERNET-Elder 3.0 project, participated in the study. They were recommended to perform an exercise prescription based on resistance, balance, and aerobic exercises during the pandemic. Wrist triaxial accelerometers (ActiGraph GT9X) were used to assess the percentage of sedentary time, physical activity, sedentary bouts and breaks of sedentary time. An ANOVA for repeated measures was performed to analyse the differences between the three different periods. During home quarantine, older adults spent more time in sedentary behaviours ( 71.6 ± 5.3 % ) in comparison with either the situation prior to the pandemic ( 65.5 ± 6.7 % ) or the ending of isolation ( 67.7 ± 7.1 % ) (all p < 0.05 ). Moreover, participants performed less bouts of physical activity and with a shorter duration during home quarantine (both p < 0.05 ). Additionally, no differences in the physical activity behaviours were found between the situation prior to the pandemic and the phase-0 of deescalation. According to our results, the home confinement could negatively affect health due to increased sedentary lifestyle and the reduction of physical activity. Therefore, our unsupervised exercise program does not seem to be a completely effective strategy at least in this period.

ACS Style

Ángel I. Fernández-García; Jorge Marin-Puyalto; Alba Gómez-Cabello; Ángel Matute-Llorente; Jorge Subías-Perié; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Gabriel Lozano-Berges; Asier Mañas; Amelia Guadalupe-Grau; Marcela González-Gross; Ignacio Ara; José A. Casajús; Germán Vicente-Rodríguez. Impact of the Home Confinement Related to COVID-19 on the Device-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Patterns of Spanish Older Adults. BioMed Research International 2021, 2021, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Ángel I. Fernández-García, Jorge Marin-Puyalto, Alba Gómez-Cabello, Ángel Matute-Llorente, Jorge Subías-Perié, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, Gabriel Lozano-Berges, Asier Mañas, Amelia Guadalupe-Grau, Marcela González-Gross, Ignacio Ara, José A. Casajús, Germán Vicente-Rodríguez. Impact of the Home Confinement Related to COVID-19 on the Device-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Patterns of Spanish Older Adults. BioMed Research International. 2021; 2021 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ángel I. Fernández-García; Jorge Marin-Puyalto; Alba Gómez-Cabello; Ángel Matute-Llorente; Jorge Subías-Perié; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Gabriel Lozano-Berges; Asier Mañas; Amelia Guadalupe-Grau; Marcela González-Gross; Ignacio Ara; José A. Casajús; Germán Vicente-Rodríguez. 2021. "Impact of the Home Confinement Related to COVID-19 on the Device-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Patterns of Spanish Older Adults." BioMed Research International 2021, no. : 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2021 in Healthcare
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To design an accurate sport injury prevention program, alterations in the knee and hip kinematic variables involved in injury mechanisms should be known. The main purpose of the current study was to compare knee and hip kinematic variables during landing and cutting among male football and futsal players, and to discuss them within an injury description frame. Twenty football (20.5 ± 2.1 years., 74.5 ± 6.9 kg and 1.79 ± 0.07 m) and twenty futsal players (20.3 ± 2.0 years., 73.5 ± 7.1 kg and 1.78 ± 0.07 m), with at least three years’ experience of playing in the Kerman Province League, participated in this study. Hip flexion, knee flexion and knee valgus angle during two main movements with risk of injury, such as landing and cutting, were measured using a motion capture system with passive markers at 120-Hz sampling frequency. Landing and cutting maneuvers were administered in as natural way as possible. Results showed significant differences in landing and cutting maneuvers between groups in hip flexion, knee flexion and knee valgus angle. Results indicated that footballers have less extension of hip and knee joints than futsal players in landing maneuvers, which may be due to the higher requirement of jumping−landing maneuvers when playing football. In cutting maneuvers, footballers showed less hip and knee flexion than futsal players, whereas the knee valgus angle in cutting maneuvers was lower in futsal players. More information on the injury mechanisms of landing and cutting in football and futsal are needed to improve the design of injury prevention programs.

ACS Style

Abdolhamid Daneshjoo; Hadi Nobari; Aref Kalantari; Mohammadtaghi Amiri-Khorasani; Hamed Abbasi; Miguel Rodal; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Luca Ardigò. Comparison of Knee and Hip Kinematics during Landing and Cutting between Elite Male Football and Futsal Players. Healthcare 2021, 9, 606 .

AMA Style

Abdolhamid Daneshjoo, Hadi Nobari, Aref Kalantari, Mohammadtaghi Amiri-Khorasani, Hamed Abbasi, Miguel Rodal, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, Luca Ardigò. Comparison of Knee and Hip Kinematics during Landing and Cutting between Elite Male Football and Futsal Players. Healthcare. 2021; 9 (5):606.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdolhamid Daneshjoo; Hadi Nobari; Aref Kalantari; Mohammadtaghi Amiri-Khorasani; Hamed Abbasi; Miguel Rodal; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Luca Ardigò. 2021. "Comparison of Knee and Hip Kinematics during Landing and Cutting between Elite Male Football and Futsal Players." Healthcare 9, no. 5: 606.

Journal article
Published: 14 May 2021 in Healthcare
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The current study surveyed weekly and daily variations of well-being ratings relative to the Hooper Index (HI): fatigue (wFatigue), stress (wStress), delayed onset muscle soreness (wDOMS), and sleep quality (wSleep) during a soccer season based on players’ positions. The full-season was divided into three meso-cycles: Early season, week (W)1 to W7; Mid-season, W8 to W13, and End-season, W14 to W20. Twenty-six young players participated in the study (age, 15.5 ± 0.2 years; height, 172.9 ± 4.2 cm; body mass, 61.4 ± 5.6 kg; body fat, 8.6 ± 2.9%; VO2max, 48.4 ± 2.4 mL.kg−1·min−1; maturity offset, 1.9 ± 0.3 years). Participants played in the same team and competed in Iran national under-16 competitions. Well-being status was monitored on training days using the HI questionnaire. The main result was a significant difference between well-being status 5 days before match day (MD) and 4 days before MD, compared to MD for all playing positions (p ≤ 0.001). The highest and lowest records occurred during End-season for wDOMS (strikers = 11.5 ± 8.4 arbitrary units (AU)), Early season (central defenders = 9.5 ± 0.7 AU) and for wFatigue (central midfielders = 11.4 ± 0.9 AU), and Early season (wide defenders = 9.7 ± 0.7 AU), respectively. Overall, the results showed a significant increase in wStress and wSleep for all players’ positions from Early- to End-season. The main application of this study is to make coaches aware of their players’ well-being fluctuations throughout the full season, especially in young elite soccer players, and to avoid injuries, overtraining, and overreaching as much as possible.

ACS Style

Hadi Nobari; Maryam Fani; Elena Pardos-Mainer; Jorge Pérez-Gómez. Fluctuations in Well-Being Based on Position in Elite Young Soccer Players during a Full Season. Healthcare 2021, 9, 586 .

AMA Style

Hadi Nobari, Maryam Fani, Elena Pardos-Mainer, Jorge Pérez-Gómez. Fluctuations in Well-Being Based on Position in Elite Young Soccer Players during a Full Season. Healthcare. 2021; 9 (5):586.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadi Nobari; Maryam Fani; Elena Pardos-Mainer; Jorge Pérez-Gómez. 2021. "Fluctuations in Well-Being Based on Position in Elite Young Soccer Players during a Full Season." Healthcare 9, no. 5: 586.

Journal article
Published: 10 May 2021 in Children
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The purpose of this study was three-fold: (1) to describe anthropometric, maturation, and somatotype differences of players based on playing positions; (2) to analyze variations of accumulated load training (AcL) and fitness parameters between playing positions; and finally (3) to explain the variation of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and peak power (PP) through the AcL, body fat (BF), maturity, somatotype and fitness levels. Twenty-seven male youth soccer players under-16 were divided by the following positions participated in this study: six central midfielders, four wingers (WG), five forwards, eight defenders, and four goalkeepers (GK). They were evaluated on two occasions: pre-season and after-season. Height, sitting height, body mass, BF, girths, percentage of BF (BF%), lean body mass, maturity, somatotype, sprint test, change of direction test, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1, Wingate, PP, VO2max and fatigue index were assessed. Then, AcL was monitored during training sessions. The main results revealed significant differences between player positions for maturity offset (p = 0.001), for BF (p = 0.006), BF% (p = 0.015), and lean body mass kg (p = 0.003). Also, there were significant differences for AcL and fatigue index in pre-season between player positions (p < 0.05). In addition, there were some significant differences in pre- and after-season for VO2max and PP between player positions (p < 0.05). In conclusion, GK showed higher values in anthropometric, body composition variables and maturity offset compared to the other positions, while WG presented lower levels of BF. In pre-season, there were more differences by player positions for the different variables analyzed than after-season that reinforces the tactical role of the positions, and the emphasis in increased load in the beginning of the season. This study could be used by coaches, staff, and researchers as a reference for athletes of the same sex, age, and competitive level.

ACS Style

Hadi Nobari; Rafael Oliveira; Filipe Clemente; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Elena Pardos-Mainer; Luca Ardigò. Somatotype, Accumulated Workload, and Fitness Parameters in Elite Youth Players: Associations with Playing Position. Children 2021, 8, 375 .

AMA Style

Hadi Nobari, Rafael Oliveira, Filipe Clemente, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, Elena Pardos-Mainer, Luca Ardigò. Somatotype, Accumulated Workload, and Fitness Parameters in Elite Youth Players: Associations with Playing Position. Children. 2021; 8 (5):375.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadi Nobari; Rafael Oliveira; Filipe Clemente; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Elena Pardos-Mainer; Luca Ardigò. 2021. "Somatotype, Accumulated Workload, and Fitness Parameters in Elite Youth Players: Associations with Playing Position." Children 8, no. 5: 375.

Research article
Published: 08 May 2021 in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology
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Quantifying the external training load across the season related to the starting status of players could be relevant for physical conditioning staff, since one of the main goals is to apply the adequate individual training load. Thus, the aims of this study were to (1) monitor the acute workload (wAW), chronic workload (wCW), and acute/chronic workload ratio (wACWR) on a weekly basis using the body load (BL) in starter and non-starter professional soccer players; and (2) analyze the differences between starters and non-starters for wAW, wCW, and wACWR using BL, and (3) analyze the weekly average of distance and sprint variables during four periods of the season (pre-, early-, mid-, and end-season). Twenty-one professional soccer players (28.3 ± 3.8 years; 181.2 ± 7.0 cm; 74.4 ± 7.7 kg) belonging to the same team competing in the Iranian Persian Gulf Pro League were evaluated for a period of 48 weeks (one soccer season). The season was divided into pre-season (weeks 1–5), early-season (weeks 6–19), mid-season (weeks 20–35), and end-season (weeks 36–48). Players were classified according to their starting status: players who were in the starting line-up (i.e. starters) and players who did not make the starting line-up (i.e. non-starters). The results showed greater weekly wAW and wCW for starters compared to non-starters during the mid-season (wAW: p = 0.008, g = −1.24; wCW: p = 0.006; g = −1.31) and end-season (wAW: p = 0.001, g = −1.66; wCW: p = 0.001; g = −1.62). Starters also showed greater weekly total distance (wTD), sprint total distance (wSTD), high-speed running distance (wHSRd), and repeated sprints compared with non-starters across all four periods ( p < 0.05; g = −1.36 to −4.95), higher wHSRd/wTD during pre-season ( p = 0.007, g = −1.28) and mid-season ( p = 0.001, g = −1.62) and a greater wSTD/wTD during pre-season ( p = 0.029, g = −0.99). Based on these findings, coaches and strength and conditioning specialists should individualize training according to match exposure throughout a competitive season.

ACS Style

Hadi Nobari; Daniel Castillo; Filipe Manuel Clemente; Jorge Carlos-Vivas; Jorge Pérez-Gómez. Acute, chronic and acute/chronic ratio between starters and non-starters professional soccer players across a competitive season. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Hadi Nobari, Daniel Castillo, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Jorge Carlos-Vivas, Jorge Pérez-Gómez. Acute, chronic and acute/chronic ratio between starters and non-starters professional soccer players across a competitive season. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadi Nobari; Daniel Castillo; Filipe Manuel Clemente; Jorge Carlos-Vivas; Jorge Pérez-Gómez. 2021. "Acute, chronic and acute/chronic ratio between starters and non-starters professional soccer players across a competitive season." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2021 in Journal of Personalized Medicine
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that affects physical, psychological, and social quality of life. Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) is an effective balance training program to prevent falls and to stimulate cognitive function in the elderly; however, no study has analyzed the effect of SSE in people with PD. The main objective is to investigate whether the application of SSE is safe, applicable, and can improve balance, and is effective in preventing falls, improving cognitive and psychological aspects and thus maximize quality of life in people with PD. Methods/Design: SSE will be performed three times per week for 8 weeks with an additional month follow-up after the intervention. Sixty people with PD will participate, randomly distributed into two groups: experimental group (SSE: n = 30) and control group (Usual care: n = 30). The primary measurements will be: (1) Applicability, (2) Safety, (3) Balance, and (4) Annual number of falls. Secondary measurements will be: (1) Sociodemographic information, (2) Physical condition, (3) Health-related quality of life, (4) Depressive symptoms, (5) Cognitive aspects, (6) Perceived functional social support, and (7) Anticipatory cognition.

ACS Style

Asunción Mayoral-Moreno; Carlos Chimpén-López; Laura Rodríguez-Santos; María Ramos-Fuentes; Francisco Vaz-Leal; Manuel Moral; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; José Adsuar. Falls Prevention and Quality of Life Improvement by Square Stepping Exercise in People with Parkinson’s Disease: Project Report. Journal of Personalized Medicine 2021, 11, 361 .

AMA Style

Asunción Mayoral-Moreno, Carlos Chimpén-López, Laura Rodríguez-Santos, María Ramos-Fuentes, Francisco Vaz-Leal, Manuel Moral, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, José Adsuar. Falls Prevention and Quality of Life Improvement by Square Stepping Exercise in People with Parkinson’s Disease: Project Report. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2021; 11 (5):361.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asunción Mayoral-Moreno; Carlos Chimpén-López; Laura Rodríguez-Santos; María Ramos-Fuentes; Francisco Vaz-Leal; Manuel Moral; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; José Adsuar. 2021. "Falls Prevention and Quality of Life Improvement by Square Stepping Exercise in People with Parkinson’s Disease: Project Report." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 5: 361.

Review
Published: 25 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The aim of the present systematic review was to assess and provide an up-to-date analysis of the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children and adolescents. Thus, an electronic search of the literature, in two well-known databases (PubMed and Web of Science), was performed until February 2021 (without date restriction). PRISMA guideline methodology was employed and data regarding the HRQoL were extracted from eligible studies. Articles were included if they met the following inclusion criteria: (a) children and/or adolescent population (4 to 19 years old); (b) HRQoL as a main assessment; (c) German, Spanish, Portuguese, French, and English language; and (d) pre-pandemic and during pandemic HRQoL data. Following the initial search, 241 possible related articles were identified. A total of 79 articles were identified as duplicates. Moreover, 129 articles were removed after reading the title and Of the remaining 33 articles, 27 were removed since they were not focused on children or adolescents (n = 19), articles did not report pre- and post- pandemic HRQoL values (n = 6), articles were not focused on HRQoL (n = 6), and one article was an editorial. Finally, six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and, therefore, were included in the systematic review. A total of 3177 children and/or adolescents during COVID-19 were included in this systematic review. Three articles showed that COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the HRQoL of children and adolescents, and another did not report comparison between pre- and during COVID-19 pandemic, although a reduction in the HRQoL can be observed. Nevertheless, two articles did not find significant changes and another one did not report p-values. Regarding sex differences, only two studies analyzed this topic, observing no differences between girls and boys in the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on HRQoL. Taking into account these results, this systematic review might confirm that COVID-19 has a negative impact on the HRQoL of children and/or adolescents.

ACS Style

Hadi Nobari; Mohamad Fashi; Arezoo Eskandari; Santos Villafaina; Álvaro Murillo-Garcia; Jorge Pérez-Gómez. Effect of COVID-19 on Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents and Children: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4563 .

AMA Style

Hadi Nobari, Mohamad Fashi, Arezoo Eskandari, Santos Villafaina, Álvaro Murillo-Garcia, Jorge Pérez-Gómez. Effect of COVID-19 on Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents and Children: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4563.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadi Nobari; Mohamad Fashi; Arezoo Eskandari; Santos Villafaina; Álvaro Murillo-Garcia; Jorge Pérez-Gómez. 2021. "Effect of COVID-19 on Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents and Children: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4563.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2021 in Sustainability
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The present study aimed at (i) investigating weekly variations in wellness ratings relative to Hooper indicators (HI): fatigue (wFatigue), stress levels (wStress), delayed onset muscle soreness (wDOMS), sleep quality/disorders (wSleep), and wHI across the full preparation season (PS) and (ii) comparing the aforementioned variables between three periods: early-PS, week (W) W1 to W11; mid-PS, W12 to W22; end-PS, W23 to W32. Ten elite young wrestlers were involved in this study (age, 16 ± 0.7 years; height, 163 ± 4.8 cm; body mass, 57.7 ± 9.0 kg; VO2max, 48.7 ± 1.4 mL/kg−1/min−1). Wellness status was monitored daily using the HI questionnaire. The main results were found in W26 (24.2 ± 3.9 arbitrary units (AU)) and W14 (17.9 ± 7 AU) with the highest and lowest wDOMS, respectively. Decreases in wDOMS were reported during the PS. For wFatigue, the highest and lowest values belong to W19 (24.3 ± 3.3 AU) and W32 (16.7 ± 3.9 AU), respectively. In the case of wFatigue, the level increased within the PS. The highest wHI was observed in W19 (88.5 ± 7.7 AU) and the lowest in W32 (72.3 ± 6.1 AU). There were no significant changes between early-PS compared to mid- and end-PS, while significant changes were found for mid-PS in comparison to the end-PS. Changes in wDOMS, wStress, and wFatigue were in line with the changes in Hooper’s scoring. All PS daily monitoring results can provide a great standpoint from which coaches can determine wellness status throughout the season in elite youth level athletes. This information can be used to avoid the risk of injury, overtraining, and non-functional overreaching.

ACS Style

Hadi Nobari; Zeki Akyildiz; Maryam Fani; Rafael Oliveira; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Filipe Clemente. Weekly Wellness Variations to Identify Non-Functional Overreaching Syndrome in Turkish National Youth Wrestlers: A Pilot Study. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4667 .

AMA Style

Hadi Nobari, Zeki Akyildiz, Maryam Fani, Rafael Oliveira, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, Filipe Clemente. Weekly Wellness Variations to Identify Non-Functional Overreaching Syndrome in Turkish National Youth Wrestlers: A Pilot Study. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):4667.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadi Nobari; Zeki Akyildiz; Maryam Fani; Rafael Oliveira; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Filipe Clemente. 2021. "Weekly Wellness Variations to Identify Non-Functional Overreaching Syndrome in Turkish National Youth Wrestlers: A Pilot Study." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4667.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study aimed to analyze the correlations among weekly (w) acute workload (wAW), chronic workload (wCW), acute/chronic workload ratio (wACWR), training monotony (wTM), training strain (wTS), sleep quality (wSleep), delayed onset muscle soreness (wDOMS), fatigue (wFatigue), stress (wStress), and Hooper index (wHI) in pre-, early, mid-, and end-of-season. Twenty-one elite soccer players (age: 16.1 ± 0.2 years) were monitored weekly on training load and well-being for 36 weeks. Higher variability in wAW (39.2%), wFatigue (84.4%), wStress (174.3%), and wHI (76.3%) at the end-of-season were reported. At mid-season, higher variations in wSleep (59.8%), TM (57.6%), and TS (111.1%) were observed. Moderate to very large correlations wAW with wDOMS (r = 0.617, p = 0.007), wFatigue, wStress, and wHI were presented. Similarly, wCW reported a meaningful large association with wDOMS (r = 0.526, p < 0.001); moderate to very large associations with wFatigue (r = 0.649, p = 0.005), wStress, and wHI. Moreover, wTM presented a large correlation with wSleep (r = 0.515, p < 0.001); and a negatively small association with wStress (r = −0.426, p = 0.003). wTS showed a small to large correlation with wSleep (r = 0.400, p = 0.005) and wHI; also, a large correlation with wDOMS (r = 0.556, p = 0.028) and a moderate correlation with wFatigue (r = 0.343, p = 0.017). Wellness status may be considered a useful tool to provide determinant elite players’ information to coaches and to identify important variations in training responses.

ACS Style

Hadi Nobari; Ana Alves; Hamed Haghighi; Filipe Clemente; Jorge Carlos-Vivas; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Luca Ardigò. Association between Training Load and Well-Being Measures in Young Soccer Players during a Season. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4451 .

AMA Style

Hadi Nobari, Ana Alves, Hamed Haghighi, Filipe Clemente, Jorge Carlos-Vivas, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, Luca Ardigò. Association between Training Load and Well-Being Measures in Young Soccer Players during a Season. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4451.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadi Nobari; Ana Alves; Hamed Haghighi; Filipe Clemente; Jorge Carlos-Vivas; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Luca Ardigò. 2021. "Association between Training Load and Well-Being Measures in Young Soccer Players during a Season." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4451.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2021 in Nutrients
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Frailty is a reversible condition, which is strongly related to physical function and nutritional status. Different scales are used to screened older adults and their risk of being frail, however, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) may be more adequate than others to measure physical function in exercise interventions and has been less studied. Thus, the main aims of our study were: (1) to describe differences in nutritional intakes by SPPB groups (robust, pre-frail and frail); (2) to study the relationship between being at risk of malnourishment and frailty; and (3) to describe differences in nutrient intake between those at risk of malnourishment and those without risk in the no-frail individuals. One hundred one participants (80.4 ± 6.0 year old) were included in this cross-sectional study. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to determine food intake and Mini Nutritional Assessment to determine malnutrition. Results revealed differences for the intake of carbohydrates, n-3 fatty acids (n3), and saturated fatty acids for frail, pre-frail, and robust individuals and differences in vitamin D intake between frail and robust (all p < 0.05). Those at risk of malnutrition were approximately 8 times more likely to be frail than those with no risk. Significant differences in nutrient intake were found between those at risk of malnourishment and those without risk, specifically in: protein, PUFA n-3, retinol, ascorbic acid, niacin equivalents, folic acid, magnesium, and potassium, respectively. Moreover, differences in alcohol were also observed showing higher intake for those at risk of malnourishment (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, nutrients related to muscle metabolism showed to have different intakes across SPPB physical function groups. The intake of these specific nutrients related with risk of malnourishment need to be promoted in order to prevent frailty.

ACS Style

Ana Moradell; Ángel Fernández-García; David Navarrete-Villanueva; Lucía Sagarra-Romero; Eva Gesteiro; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Ignacio Ara; Jose Casajús; Germán Vicente-Rodríguez; Alba Gómez-Cabello. Functional Frailty, Dietary Intake, and Risk of Malnutrition. Are Nutrients Involved in Muscle Synthesis the Key for Frailty Prevention? Nutrients 2021, 13, 1231 .

AMA Style

Ana Moradell, Ángel Fernández-García, David Navarrete-Villanueva, Lucía Sagarra-Romero, Eva Gesteiro, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, Irene Rodríguez-Gómez, Ignacio Ara, Jose Casajús, Germán Vicente-Rodríguez, Alba Gómez-Cabello. Functional Frailty, Dietary Intake, and Risk of Malnutrition. Are Nutrients Involved in Muscle Synthesis the Key for Frailty Prevention? Nutrients. 2021; 13 (4):1231.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Moradell; Ángel Fernández-García; David Navarrete-Villanueva; Lucía Sagarra-Romero; Eva Gesteiro; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Ignacio Ara; Jose Casajús; Germán Vicente-Rodríguez; Alba Gómez-Cabello. 2021. "Functional Frailty, Dietary Intake, and Risk of Malnutrition. Are Nutrients Involved in Muscle Synthesis the Key for Frailty Prevention?" Nutrients 13, no. 4: 1231.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to describe the weekly acute workload (wAW), chronic workload (wCW), acute/chronic workload ratio (wACWR), training monotony (wTM), and strain (wTS) across the preparation season (PS), and (2) to analyze the variations of wAW, wCW, wACWR, wTM, and training strain (wTS) between periods of PS (early-, mid-, and end). Ten elite young wrestlers were monitored daily during the 32 weeks of the season. Internal loads were monitored using session rating of perceived exertion, and weekly workload measures of wACWR, wTM, and wTS were also calculated. Results revealed that the greatest differences were found between early- and mid-PS for wAW (p = 0.004, g = 0.34), wCW (p = 0.002, g = 0.90), wTM (p = 0.005, g = 0.39), and wTS (p = 0.009, g = −1.1), respectively. The wACWR showed significant differences between early- and end-PS (p ≤ 0.001, g = −0.30). We concluded that wAW, wCW, and wTM are slightly lower during the first weeks of the PS. The wTM remained relatively high during the entire season, while wAW and wCW remained balanced throughout the PS. The greatest workload changes seem to happen from the early to mid-PS season.

ACS Style

Hadi Nobari; Rui Silva; Filipe Clemente; Zeki Akyildiz; Luca Ardigò; Jorge Pérez-Gómez. Weekly Variations in the Workload of Turkish National Youth Wrestlers: A Season of Complete Preparation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3832 .

AMA Style

Hadi Nobari, Rui Silva, Filipe Clemente, Zeki Akyildiz, Luca Ardigò, Jorge Pérez-Gómez. Weekly Variations in the Workload of Turkish National Youth Wrestlers: A Season of Complete Preparation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (7):3832.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadi Nobari; Rui Silva; Filipe Clemente; Zeki Akyildiz; Luca Ardigò; Jorge Pérez-Gómez. 2021. "Weekly Variations in the Workload of Turkish National Youth Wrestlers: A Season of Complete Preparation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3832.