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Sarah A. Morgan
Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton EX20 2SB, UK

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Communication
Published: 15 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Increasing demands for land is necessitating the optimisation of grazing land used for livestock production. Hormonal growth promoter implants (HGPI) are widely used to improve cattle performance and thus land-use efficiency. However, there is limited information on their efficacy in grazing systems. Forty grazing steers, 10 of each breed (Angus, Hereford, Holstein, Overo Colorado), had growth rates monitored for 85 days after which half received HGPI and half continued as a control. Growth rates were monitored for an additional 61 days and performance between the groups compared. Implants had a significant impact on liveweight gain (LWG; p = 0.013), and whilst breed did not (p = 0.65), there was an interaction effect of breed × treatment (p = 0.029). For three of the four breeds, the LWG was greater in the implant group (mean +14.3%). The exception was for Holstein steers which did not respond to the implant. In general, HGPI were found to be effective in increasing LWG of grazing cattle and thus has the potential to increase yield densities and relieve pressures of land use and competition. The efficacy may be affected by breed and other extraneous factors not covered in this study. Furthermore, the use of HGPI must be carefully considered in a wider context since its use might have secondary impacts.

ACS Style

M. Jordana Rivero; Luis Araya; Marcelo Oyarzo; Andrew S. Cooke; Sarah A. Morgan; Veronica M. Merino. Efficacy of Hormonal Growth Promoter Implants on the Performance of Grazing Steers of Different Breeds in Southern Chile. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9135 .

AMA Style

M. Jordana Rivero, Luis Araya, Marcelo Oyarzo, Andrew S. Cooke, Sarah A. Morgan, Veronica M. Merino. Efficacy of Hormonal Growth Promoter Implants on the Performance of Grazing Steers of Different Breeds in Southern Chile. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9135.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Jordana Rivero; Luis Araya; Marcelo Oyarzo; Andrew S. Cooke; Sarah A. Morgan; Veronica M. Merino. 2021. "Efficacy of Hormonal Growth Promoter Implants on the Performance of Grazing Steers of Different Breeds in Southern Chile." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9135.

Journal article
Published: 06 October 2020 in Agronomy
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Breeding forages for increased fatty acid (FA) concentrations has the potential to improve the FA profile of ruminant products (meat and milk). Twenty perennial ryegrass genotypes from an “experimental” breeding population and four genotypes from a “benchmark” mapping population were used to assess genotypic variation in FAs across a growing season. Mean total FA (TFA) concentration for cuts one through five were 29.0, 31.7, 31.1, 34.4 and 42.0 g kg−1 DM, respectively. Six main individual FAs, namely palmitic acid (C16:0), trans-3-hexadecenoic acid (C16:1Δt3), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1Δc9), linoleic acid (C18:2Δc9,12) and α-linolenic acid (C18:3Δc9,12,15), accounted for between 90% to 96% of TFA. Population means differed (p < 0.001) for TFA and all individual FAs, expect for C18:2Δc9,12 (p = 0.106). “Benchmark” mapping population on average had 8%–44% higher FA concentrations compared to the “experimental” breeding population, except for C18:0 where the mapping population had lower concentrations. Individual genotypes from each population differed for all individual FAs and TFA (p < 0.05), with differences between the lowest and highest concentrations ranging from 8% to 23% amongst the mapping population genotypes and between 20% and 39% for the breeding population genotypes. Cutting date had a strong effect on population and genotype means (p < 0.001) with an overall trend for FA concentrations to increase through the season. However, several significant population and genotype × cutting date interactions were also found highlighting the need for further investigations to strengthen our knowledge and understanding of how genetics and environment interact for this particular trait. Nevertheless, candidate “high-lipid” genotypes were able to be identified using multivariate analysis which could be taken forward into a breeding program aimed at increasing forage FAs.

ACS Style

Sarah A. Morgan; Sharon A. Huws; Nigel D. Scollan. Influence of Cutting Date on Phenotypic Variation in Fatty Acid Concentrations of Perennial Ryegrass Genotypes from a Breeding Population. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1517 .

AMA Style

Sarah A. Morgan, Sharon A. Huws, Nigel D. Scollan. Influence of Cutting Date on Phenotypic Variation in Fatty Acid Concentrations of Perennial Ryegrass Genotypes from a Breeding Population. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (10):1517.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sarah A. Morgan; Sharon A. Huws; Nigel D. Scollan. 2020. "Influence of Cutting Date on Phenotypic Variation in Fatty Acid Concentrations of Perennial Ryegrass Genotypes from a Breeding Population." Agronomy 10, no. 10: 1517.

Journal article
Published: 02 March 2020 in Agronomy
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Fatty acid (FA) concentration and composition of forage has recently gained interest due to potential opportunities for improving FA profile of ruminant products (meat and milk). Twenty perennial ryegrass genotypes from an experimental breeding population and four genotypes from an experimental mapping population were used to assess (1) genotypic variation, and (2) associations between FAs and other important chemical constituents (i.e., protein, carbohydrate and fibre). Mean total FA (TFA) concentration was 23.8 g kg−1 DM, ranging from 14.5 to 33.8 g kg−1 DM; 89% to 95% of which was comprised of six individual FAs, namely, palmitic acid (C16:0), trans-3-hexadecenoic acid (C16:1Δt3), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1Δc9), linoleic acid (C18:2Δc9,12) and α-linolenic acid (C18:3Δc9,12,15). Mean crude protein (CP), water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) concentrations were: 133, 188, 447 and 240 g kg−1 DM, respectively. Genotypes from the mapping population differed for: WSC (p = 0.015), C16:0 (p = 0.034), C18:0 (p < 0.001), C18:3Δc9,12,15 (p = 0.012) and TFA (p = 0.025). Genotypes from the breeding population differed (p < 0.001) for all measured components except CP (p = 0.078). Higher FA concentration was generally associated with higher CP concentration and lower WSC, NDF and ADF. Selectively breeding for higher FA concentrations may alter the overall feed value of perennial ryegrass, however further investigation is needed to fully understand the relationship between FA concentration and feed value and the possible implications for ruminant nutrition.

ACS Style

Sarah A. Morgan; Sharon A. Huws; Sue J. Lister; Ruth Sanderson; Nigel D. Scollan. Phenotypic Variation and Relationships between Fatty Acid Concentrations and Feed Value of Perennial Ryegrass Genotypes from a Breeding Population. Agronomy 2020, 10, 343 .

AMA Style

Sarah A. Morgan, Sharon A. Huws, Sue J. Lister, Ruth Sanderson, Nigel D. Scollan. Phenotypic Variation and Relationships between Fatty Acid Concentrations and Feed Value of Perennial Ryegrass Genotypes from a Breeding Population. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (3):343.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sarah A. Morgan; Sharon A. Huws; Sue J. Lister; Ruth Sanderson; Nigel D. Scollan. 2020. "Phenotypic Variation and Relationships between Fatty Acid Concentrations and Feed Value of Perennial Ryegrass Genotypes from a Breeding Population." Agronomy 10, no. 3: 343.

Communication
Published: 16 July 2019 in Agronomy
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The objective of this study was to assess the joint effect of perennial ryegrass cultivars and drying methods on concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and crude protein (CP) and WSC/CP ratio. AberMagic AR1 and Expo AR1 forage were collected in December 2016, March, June, September and November 2017 and either oven-dried at 60 °C for 48 h (OD_60), at 80 °C for 16 h (OD_80), frozen at −80 °C for 48 h then freeze-dried (−80_FD), or flash-frozen with liquid N then freeze-dried (LN_FD). Data were analyzed by ANOVA in a factorial design with cultivar and drying method as factors. AberMagic AR1 had between 9.0 to 31.5% higher WSC concentration than Expo AR1 in the four samplings. Freeze-drying preserved more WSC than oven-drying treatments (+22.7%), particularly in June. The CP concentration of Expo AR1 was higher only in December (+6.8%), and was 22.9 and 10.9% higher in OD_60 samples compared to LN_FD samples in December and November, respectively. The WSC/CP ratio varied in June, being greater in AberMagic AR1 (+36.1%). Drying method affected WSC/CP ratio in December, June and November where freeze-drying produced greater ratios. Drying techniques generated differences in WSC, CP and WSC/CP ratio, which may affect the accuracy of the estimated impacts of forages on productivity and N use efficiency.

ACS Style

Cristian J. Moscoso; Sarah A. Morgan; M. Jordana Rivero. The Effect of Drying Methods on Water-Soluble Carbohydrates and Crude Protein Concentrations and Their Ratio in Two Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars. Agronomy 2019, 9, 383 .

AMA Style

Cristian J. Moscoso, Sarah A. Morgan, M. Jordana Rivero. The Effect of Drying Methods on Water-Soluble Carbohydrates and Crude Protein Concentrations and Their Ratio in Two Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (7):383.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristian J. Moscoso; Sarah A. Morgan; M. Jordana Rivero. 2019. "The Effect of Drying Methods on Water-Soluble Carbohydrates and Crude Protein Concentrations and Their Ratio in Two Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars." Agronomy 9, no. 7: 383.

Review
Published: 25 September 2017 in Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
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The nutritional value of meat is an increasingly important factor influencing consumer preferences for poultry, red meat and processed meat products. Intramuscular fat content and composition, in addition to high quality protein, trace minerals and vitamins are important determinants of nutritional value. Fat content of meat at retail has decreased substantially over the past 40 years through advances in animal genetics, nutrition and management and changes in processing techniques. Evidence of the association between diet and the incidence of human non-communicable diseases has driven an interest in developing production systems for lowering total SFA andtransfatty acid (TFA) content and enrichment ofn-3 PUFA concentrations in meat and meat products. Typically, poultry and pork has a lower fat content, containing higher PUFA and lower TFA concentrations than lamb or beef. Animal genetics, nutrition and maturity, coupled with their rumen microbiome, are the main factors influencing tissue lipid content and relative proportions of SFA, MUFA and PUFA. Altering the fatty acid (FA) profile of lamb and beef is determined to a large extent by extensive plant and microbial lipolysis and subsequent microbial biohydrogenation of dietary lipid in the rumen, and one of the major reasons explaining the differences in lipid composition of meat from monogastrics and ruminants. Nutritional strategies can be used to align the fat content and FA composition of poultry, pork, lamb and beef with Public Health Guidelines for lowering the social and economic burden of chronic disease.

ACS Style

Nigel D. Scollan; Eleri M. Price; Sarah A. Morgan; Sharon A. Huws; Kevin J. Shingfield. Can we improve the nutritional quality of meat? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2017, 76, 603 -618.

AMA Style

Nigel D. Scollan, Eleri M. Price, Sarah A. Morgan, Sharon A. Huws, Kevin J. Shingfield. Can we improve the nutritional quality of meat? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 2017; 76 (4):603-618.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nigel D. Scollan; Eleri M. Price; Sarah A. Morgan; Sharon A. Huws; Kevin J. Shingfield. 2017. "Can we improve the nutritional quality of meat?" Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 76, no. 4: 603-618.