Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary malignant paediatric liver tumour and surgery remains the cornerstone of its management. The aim of this article is to present the principles of surgical treatment of hepatoblastoma. All aspects of surgery in hepatoblastoma are discussed, from biopsy, through conventional and laparoscopic liver resections, to extreme resection with adjacent structures, staged hepatectomy and transplantation.

Background and Aim: Pediatric surgery requires high precision and safety due to children's unique anatomy and physiology. Innovations that enhance surgical precision, reduce operative time, and improve postoperative outcomes are invaluable. Indocyanine green (ICG), a near‐infrared fluorescent dye, has received significant attention for its potential to address these needs. The study aimed to describe applications of ICH in pediatric surgery in Poland, provide evidence to support integration of ICG into pediatric surgical practice and evaluate the safety and feasibility of ICG.Methods: Data were collected from the medical records of 136 patients undergoing surgical treatment in four leading pediatric surgical clinical centers in Poland. There are four main groups of surgical procedures: oncological, gastrointestinal, urological and lymphatic. Calculations were performed using Statistica 13 by TIBCO and PQStat v. 1.8.6.120 by PQStat Software. Additionally, descriptive statistics were performed.Results: The efficacy and safety of ICG were confirmed in the entire study group. No complications were reported with the use of the indocyanine green. Exhaustive descriptive statistics presented key information on the use of ICG for each of the studied groups.Conclusions: The study validates the efficacy and safety of ICG fluorescence imaging in pediatric surgery. By enhancing surgical precision and improving postoperative outcomes, ICG represents a significant advancement in pediatric surgical care. The establishment of standardized protocols and the emphasis on specialized training will be key to maximizing the benefits of ICG.

Introduction The place of laparoscopy in the resection of Wilms’ tumors has remained debatable, but evidence that neoadjuvant chemotherapy causes tumor shrinkage has made laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN) a feasible option. Laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) is technically very demanding...

Background and Objectives: Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare congenital lung anomaly with anomalous systemic arterial supply. Surgical resection is the standard treatment, but some children have contraindications. Endovascular embolization (EE) is an established alternative; published pediatric experience is limited, particularly in neonates. We report a two-centre experience with extended follow-up and quantitative hemodynamic data. Methods: Six pediatric patients (five male; median age 6 months, range 11 days to 4 years and 8 months) underwent EE for PS at two centres in Gdańsk, Poland, between 2020 and 2025. Contraindications to surgery were severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, high-output cardiac failure, low body weight with comorbidity, complex extralobar anatomy or refused parental consent. Procedures were performed under general anesthesia via right common femoral arterial access; device strategy was tailored to vessel anatomy. Results: Technical success was 100% with no procedural complications. Median feeding-artery diameter was 3.4 mm (range 2.1 to 5.3 mm). An Amplatzer-family vascular plug was used in five patients (83.3%), pushable platinum coils in two (33.3%) and Onyx-18 in one (16.7%); two had hybrid combinations and one underwent planned staged two-step embolization. Median procedural duration was 51 min. At median follow-up of 50 months (range 11 to 68), all patients showed sequester regression on imaging. Reverse cardiac remodelling occurred within five weeks in the patient with pre-procedural left ventricular dilation (Z-score +2.45 returning to normal); systolic pulmonary artery pressure fell from 35 to 40 to 17 mmHg within six weeks in the neonate treated at 11 days of life for high-output cardiac failure. No patient required surgical resection. Conclusions: Endovascular embolization is safe and effective in pediatric patients with pulmonary sequestration and contraindications to surgery, including neonates with comorbidity. Documented reverse cardiac remodelling and rapid hemodynamic improvement support its use in selected cases.