Background and Objectives. Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) play a vital role in skin wound healing and skin regeneration through proliferation, migration, and paracrine interactions. A previous study indicated that ginsenoside Rb1 acted as a vital antidotal component which antagonized the oxidative stem cell. However, the effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rb1-mediated BMSC migration remained unknown. Methods. Wound-healing assay and Transwell assay were utilized to evaluate the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on the migration of BMSCs. RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression of stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (PKB; AKT). Results. Ginsenoside Rb1 significantly enhanced the migration of BMSCs through the activation of SDF-1, CXCR4, p-PI3K/PI3K, and p-Akt/Akt relative expression. Furthermore, this stimulus was blocked by the pretreatment with AMD3100 and LY294002. Conclusions. Ginsenoside Rb1 facilitated the migration of BMSCs through the activation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and PI3K/Akt pathway.

Purpose. Congenital hydrocephalus is one of the most common birth defects worldwide. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) in body fluids have been implicated in many diseases. However, their involvement in cerebrospinal fluid from congenital hydrocephalus is not well understood. This study is aimed at investigating the role of dysregulated exosomal miRNAs in congenital hydrocephalus. Methods. We collected cerebrospinal fluid samples from 15 congenital hydrocephalus patients and 21 control subjects. We used miRNA sequencing to generate exosomal miRNA expression profiles in three pairs of samples. We identified 31 differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs in congenital hydrocephalus and predicted their target mRNAs. Results. Three microRNAs (hsa-miR-130b-3p, hsa-miR-501-5p, and hsa-miR-2113) were selected according to their fold changes and the function of their target mRNAs, and only hsa-miR-130b-3p and hsa-miR-501-5p were confirmed their expression levels in all samples. Moreover, upregulated hsa-miR-130b-3p might mediate the downregulation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog gene (PTEN), which has been associated with hydrocephalus, via binding to its 3-untranslated region by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Conclusion. This study implicates that abnormally expressed exosomal miRNAs in cerebrospinal fluid may be involved in the pathomechanism of congenital hydrocephalus.

Purpose. To investigate the effect on meibomian gland function of super pulse carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser excision in the treatment of eyelid tumors at palpebral margin. Methods. 36 patients with 36 and within 1 mm to palpebral margin were recruited in this study. Of which, 16 cases with tumors in the upper eyelid and 20 cases in the lower eyelid were involved. The eyelid tumors of all the patients were treated by super pulse CO₂ laser with its power density varied between 0.6 and 21.1 W/mm² and in repeat mode. The laser spot size ranged from 120 to 200 μm. Ocular surface parameters including tear film break-up time (BUT) and meibograde, meibum expressibility, and meibum quality were evaluated at pretherapy, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months posttherapy in all 36 patients. Result. All the patients were satisfied with the therapy. No infective complications and recurrence occurred in any of the 36 patients at the following period. The eyelid wound recovered well with nearly normal appearing after 2 to 3 weeks. The morphology of limbi palpebralis, BUT, meibograde, meibum expressibility, and meibum quality of all the 36 patients showed no significant difference before and after the therapy. Conclusions. Super pulse CO₂ laser had no effect on meibomian gland function and morphology in the excision of tumors at palpebral margins, which was an efficacy and well-tolerated therapy with lower complications and recurrence.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical effect of modified maximal levator palpebrae superioris shortening method for severe congenital ptosis. Methods: A retrospective case series was performed including 66 eyes from 62 patients who underwent modified maximal levator palpebrae superioris shortening surgery to treat severe congenital ptosis between February 2015 and November 2018. Preoperative and postoperative margin reflex distance 1 and levator muscle function were recorded. The surgical results were graded as good, satisfied, and poor for functional and cosmetic improvement of the eyelids, and the incidence of complications was also documented. Results: The mean patient age at the time of surgery was 4.6 ± 1.8 years (2–9 years), and the mean follow-up time was 36.3 ± 14.1 (12–55 months). A mean significant improvement in margin reflex distance 1 and levator function after operation was noted (P < 0.01). The eyelid height and symmetry were satisfied in 59 patients, with success rate of 95.2%. For the patients in the levator function (≤2 mm) group, the success rate was 87.5%. Moreover, the levator function (≤2 mm) group had a higher rate of poor results than levator function (2–4 mm) group (12.5% vs 2.2%). Overcorrection (6.5%) and eyelid fold deformity (11.3%) were the most frequent postoperative complications. Conclusion: Modified maximal levator palpebrae superioris shortening was effective and endurable in the treatment of severe congenital ptosis with poor levator function, including in patients whose levator function was less than 2 mm.

Objectives: This study is the first time to explore the feasibility of CO₂ laser treating some eyelid lacrimal puncta benign tumor. Background: Eyelid lacrimal papillae is special anatomy region. Treatment of eyelid peripunctal tumor is relatively intractable and needs reconstruction of the lacrimal passage in most of the time. We use super pulse CO₂ laser to treat peripunctal benign tumor and appears to be effective. Materials and methods: It contained 12 participants treated with super pulse CO₂ laser photocoagulation without lacrimal duct silicone tube placement. The areas of lesions were as follows: eight cases were located in the upper eyelid lacrimal puncta, four cases in the lower lacrimal puncta. Super pulse CO₂ laser was used to treat it. The follow-up period was 4 weeks, 24 weeks, and 3 years after treatment. Histological diagnoses were obtained in all patients. Results: All patients were satisfactory after treatment with their cosmetic outcomes, and the wounds are dry, with no infections. No patient has functional damage, secondary epiphora, and lacrimal drainage system obstruction. Complete epithelialization occurs 2–4 weeks after treatment and forms normal epithelium. It showed no obvious scars or notches after treatment, and only temporarily less hyperpigmentation is in the treated area than the circumambient normal skin. During the follow-up period, there were no complications and no relapses were observed. Conclusions: Super pulse CO₂ laser therapy for eyelid peripunctal benign tumors without lacrimal duct silicone tube placement sometime appears to be available, effective, and well-tolerated alternative to traditional surgery in the clinic, especially for selected disease. The IRB proved number is 2016034.