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Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of 16 weeks of a low dose of magnesium creatine chelate supplementation on repeated sprint ability test (RAST) results in elite soccer players. Materials: Twenty well-trained soccer players participated in the study. The players were divided randomly into two groups: the supplemented group (SG = 10) and placebo group (PG = 10). Out of the 20 subjects selected for the study, 16 (SG = 8, PG = 8) completed the entire experiment. The SG ingested a single dose of 5500 mg of magnesium creatine chelate (MgCr-C), in 4 capsules per day, which was 0.07 g/kg/d. The PG received an identical 4 capsules containing corn starch. Before and after the study, the RAST was performed. In the RAST, total time (TT), first and sixth 35 m sprint length (s), average power (AP) and max power (MP) were measured. Additionally, before and after the test, lactate LA (mmol/L) and acid–base equilibrium pH (-log(H+)), bicarbonates HCO3− (mmol/L) were evaluated. Also, in serum at rest, creatinine (mg/dL) concentration was measured. Results: After the study, significantly better results in TT, AP and MP were observed in the SG. No significant changes in the RAST results were observed in the PG. After the study, significant changes in the first 35 m sprint, as well as the sixth 35 m sprint results were registered in the SG, while insignificant changes occurred in the PG. A significantly higher creatinine concentration was observed. Also, a higher post-RAST concentration of LA, HCO3− and lower values of pH were observed in April, May and June compared with baseline values. Conclusions: The long timeframe, i.e., 16 weeks, of the low dose of magnesium creatine chelate supplementation improved the RAST results in the SG. Despite the long period of MgCr-C supplementation, in the end of the study, the creatinine level in the SG reached higher but still reference values.
Adam Zajac; Artur Golas; Jakub Chycki; Mateusz Halz; Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk. The Effects of Long-Term Magnesium Creatine Chelate Supplementation on Repeated Sprint Ability (RAST) in Elite Soccer Players. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2961 .
AMA StyleAdam Zajac, Artur Golas, Jakub Chycki, Mateusz Halz, Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk. The Effects of Long-Term Magnesium Creatine Chelate Supplementation on Repeated Sprint Ability (RAST) in Elite Soccer Players. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (10):2961.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdam Zajac; Artur Golas; Jakub Chycki; Mateusz Halz; Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk. 2020. "The Effects of Long-Term Magnesium Creatine Chelate Supplementation on Repeated Sprint Ability (RAST) in Elite Soccer Players." Nutrients 12, no. 10: 2961.
Diet is a factor which can influence both glycaemic variables and body mass. The aim of this study was to compare the influence of a 12-week, well-planned, low-calorie ketogenic diet (LCKD) on hyperglycaemic, hyperinsulinemic and lipid profile in adult, overweight or obese females. Ninety-one females who participated in the study were divided into two groups: a LCKD group who followed a hypocaloric ketogenic diet (8% of carbohydrate, 72% of fat and 20% of proteins) (n = 46), and a control group (CG) (n = 45) who continued their typical diet (50% of carbohydrates, 32% of fat and 18% of proteins). Methods: Baseline and post-intervention glucose (Gl), insulin (I), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), Homeostatic model assessment HOMA-IR, triglycerides (TG) and high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) were evaluated. Also, body mass (BM), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and thigh circumference (TC) were measured. Results: Compared with the CG, there were significant changes observed in the LCKD group regarding all biochemical variables. Also, BM, TC, WC and AC changed significantly in the LCKD group compared with the CG. Conclusions: The 12-week LCKD intervention changed the glucose control variables, body mass, as well as waist, hip and thigh circumferences. A low-calorie ketogenic diet may be recommended for adult females with glucose control variables disturbance and excess body mass.
Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk; Grzegorz Klonek; Adam Maszczyk; Adam Zajac. The Effects of a Low Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Glycaemic Control Variables in Hyperinsulinemic Overweight/Obese Females. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1854 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk, Grzegorz Klonek, Adam Maszczyk, Adam Zajac. The Effects of a Low Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Glycaemic Control Variables in Hyperinsulinemic Overweight/Obese Females. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (6):1854.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk; Grzegorz Klonek; Adam Maszczyk; Adam Zajac. 2020. "The Effects of a Low Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Glycaemic Control Variables in Hyperinsulinemic Overweight/Obese Females." Nutrients 12, no. 6: 1854.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of natural sun exposure and six weeks of a high dose of vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D, testosterone and cortisol serum concentrations as well as speed, power and VO2max in professional soccer players. Materials: The study was conducted from January to September. At the beginning of the study, 33 professional soccer players were enrolled; however, only 28 subjects (height 181.5 cm; body mass 77.81 ± 8.8 kg; body fat 12.38% ± 2.4% and muscle mass 40.27 ± 5.3 kg) completed the study. The research consisted of three stages. The first one, lasting 10 days, was conducted in January during a training camp in the south part of Cyprus at a latitude of 34 33°, where participants experienced natural sun exposure; it was called a winter sun exposure (WSE) period. The second stage, which was a supplementation period (SP), lasted 6 weeks, during which all subjects were randomly assigned either to an experimental group—EG (n = 15)—or a placebo group—PG (n = 13)—and were administered 6000 IU/d cholecalciferol or a placebo, respectively. The third stage took place in September, after summertime (summer sun exposure—SSE). The data of the 25(OH)D, free and total testosterone (fT, tT), cortisol as well as 5 and 30 m sprint tests (STs), power of the left leg (PLL) and VO2max were evaluated before and after the WSE period, the SP and SSE. Results: In January, the baseline value of vitamin D in 12 subjects was ≤20 ng/mL, and 14 of them had levels between 20–30 ng/mL and 2 individuals >30 ng/mL. After the WSE period, significant changes in 25(OH)D, fT, tT and cortisol concentration, as well as in the 5 m ST, were observed. After the SP, in the EG, significant changes were found in 25(OH)D, fT, tT and the 5 m ST. Furthermore, a positive correlation between the concentration of 25(OH) fT and tT was observed. After SSE, 2 out of 28 players had
Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk; Artur Gołaś; Adam Maszczyk; Piotr Kaczka; Adam Zając. Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1311 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk, Artur Gołaś, Adam Maszczyk, Piotr Kaczka, Adam Zając. Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (5):1311.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk; Artur Gołaś; Adam Maszczyk; Piotr Kaczka; Adam Zając. 2020. "Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players." Nutrients 12, no. 5: 1311.
Carbohydrate-restricted diets have become very popular due to their numerous health benefits. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of 4 weeks of a well-planned, low-energy moderate-carbohydrate diet (MCD) and a low-energy mixed diet (MixD) on the lipoprotein profile, glucose and C-reactive protein concentrations, body mass, and body composition in middle-aged males. Sixty middle-aged males were randomly assigned to the following groups: hypocaloric MCD (32% carbohydrates, 28% proteins, and 40% fat), hypocaloric MixD (50% carbohydrates, 20% proteins, and 30% fat), and a conventional (control) diet (CD; 48% carbohydrates, 15% proteins, and 37% fat). The participants who were classified into the MCD and MixD groups consumed 20% fewer calories daily than the total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). Baseline and postintervention fasting triacylglycerol (TG), LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (tCh), glucose (Gl), and C-reactive protein were evaluated. Body mass (BM) and body composition changes, including body fat (BF), % body fat (PBF), and muscle mass (MM), were monitored. Compared with MixD and CD, MCD significantly changed the fasting serum concentrations of TG (p < 0.05), HDL-C (p < 0.05), LDL-C (p < 0.05), tCh (p < 0.05), and glucose (p < 0.01). Additionally, body fat content (kg and %) was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) after MCD compared with MixD and CD. After the MixD intervention, BM and MM decreased (p < 0.05) compared with baseline values. Compared with baseline, after the MixD, BM, MM, tCh, LDL-C, and TG changed significantly. The 4 week low-energy MCD intervention changed lipoproteins, glucose, and body fat to a greater extent than the low-energy MixD. A hypocaloric MCD may be suggested for middle-aged male subjects who want to lose weight by reducing body fat content without compromising muscle mass.
Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk; Adam Maszczyk; Petr Stastny. The Effects of Low-Energy Moderate-Carbohydrate (MCD) and Mixed (MixD) Diets on Serum Lipid Profiles and Body Composition in Middle-Aged Men: A Randomized Controlled Parallel-Group Clinical Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1332 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk, Adam Maszczyk, Petr Stastny. The Effects of Low-Energy Moderate-Carbohydrate (MCD) and Mixed (MixD) Diets on Serum Lipid Profiles and Body Composition in Middle-Aged Men: A Randomized Controlled Parallel-Group Clinical Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (4):1332.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk; Adam Maszczyk; Petr Stastny. 2020. "The Effects of Low-Energy Moderate-Carbohydrate (MCD) and Mixed (MixD) Diets on Serum Lipid Profiles and Body Composition in Middle-Aged Men: A Randomized Controlled Parallel-Group Clinical Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4: 1332.
Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diet composition, body fat content, and physical activity (PA), considering blood lipid levels and insulin resistance markers, in elderly women who were well educated in nutrition and healthy lifestyle choices. Methods: A total of 106 postmenopausal women took part in the study. The study group included 62 students from the University of the Third Age (U3A); the control group (CG) included 44 females from the Silesia region. We evaluated their daily macro and micronutrient intake, levels of PA, percent of body fat (PBF), and the visceral fatty area (VFA). We also evaluated the lipid profile, insulin and glucose levels, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Results: Significant differences were observed in carbohydrate, protein, fiber, as well as vitamins and minerals consumption between the U3A group and the CG. There were no differences in the PBF and VFA between the groups. Furthermore, no differences were shown in the measured blood variables. The U3A group walked more than 11,000 steps a day and performed 46.15 min/day of PA with a moderate intensity of 3–6 metabolic equivalents of task (METs, min/week). Conclusions: Despite the fact that the U3A group were physically active females, well educated on healthy, balanced diets and had the motivation to learn about proper nutritional behaviors, they did not follow these recommendations in everyday life.
Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk; Izabela Zając-Gawlak; Adam Zając; Jana Pelclová; Robert Roczniok; Józef Langfort. Influence of Nutritional Education on the Diet and Nutritional Behaviors of Elderly Women at the University of the Third Age. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 696 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk, Izabela Zając-Gawlak, Adam Zając, Jana Pelclová, Robert Roczniok, Józef Langfort. Influence of Nutritional Education on the Diet and Nutritional Behaviors of Elderly Women at the University of the Third Age. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (3):696.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk; Izabela Zając-Gawlak; Adam Zając; Jana Pelclová; Robert Roczniok; Józef Langfort. 2020. "Influence of Nutritional Education on the Diet and Nutritional Behaviors of Elderly Women at the University of the Third Age." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 696.
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been used extensively as a dietary supplement for athletes and physically active people. HMB is a leucine metabolite, which is one of three branched chain amino acids. HMB plays multiple roles in the human body of which most important ones include protein metabolism, insulin activity and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. The ergogenic effects of HMB supplementation are related to the enhancement of sarcolemma integrity, inhibition of protein degradation (ubiquitin pathway), decreased cell apoptosis, increased protein synthesis (mTOR pathway), stimulation of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis and enhancement of muscle stem cells proliferation and differentiation. HMB supplementation has been carried out with various groups of athletes. In endurance and martial arts athletes, HMB supplementation revealed positive effects on specific aerobic capacity variables. Positive results were also disclosed in resistance trained athletes, where changes in strength, body fat and muscle mass as well as anaerobic performance and power output were observed. The purpose of this review was to present the main mechanisms of HMB action, especially related to muscle protein synthesis and degradation, and ergogenic effects on different types of sports and physical activities.
Piotr Kaczka; Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk; Rafał Jastrząb; Mateusz Gawelczyk; Katarzyna Kubicka. Mechanism of Action and the Effect of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Different Types of Physical Performance - A Systematic Review. Journal of Human Kinetics 2019, 68, 211 -222.
AMA StylePiotr Kaczka, Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk, Rafał Jastrząb, Mateusz Gawelczyk, Katarzyna Kubicka. Mechanism of Action and the Effect of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Different Types of Physical Performance - A Systematic Review. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2019; 68 (1):211-222.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr Kaczka; Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk; Rafał Jastrząb; Mateusz Gawelczyk; Katarzyna Kubicka. 2019. "Mechanism of Action and the Effect of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Different Types of Physical Performance - A Systematic Review." Journal of Human Kinetics 68, no. 1: 211-222.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) on antioxidant status in elite cyclists. Fifteen male, elite cyclists were randomly divided into the IHT group (IHT-G) and a normoxia control group (CG). The subjects in IHT-G exercised under normobaric hypoxia environment (O2 = 15.2%) at intensity of 95% of the lactate threshold (LT) for 3 weeks, whereas the CG exercised under normoxia with intensity of 100% LT. The following variables were measured: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), reduced glutathione (GSH), uric acid (UA), total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and creatine kinase (CK). All variables were evaluated at baseline and post-exercise, both at rest and following the progressive exercise test (PT). After 3 weeks of training, significant intragroup differences occurred in MDA, GSH, and TAS values, and in GPX and CK activity. There were also significant changes in IHT-G before the experiment and after the PT in SOD, GPX, and CK activity, and in levels of TAS and MDA. After the 3 weeks of training, and following the PT, there were significant differences in SOD, CAT, GPX, and CK activity as well as in levels of UA and MDA. In the CG, before and after the intervention, and the PT, SOD, CAT, and CK activity as well as UA, TAS, and MDA concentrations were significantly different from resting condition. IHT significantly affects SOD, CAT, and MDA in competitive cyclists. We observed lower antioxidant enzyme activity and higher MDA concentration in the IHT-G compared to the CG. This confirms that exercise under hypoxia generates higher oxidative stress than the same training loads performed under normoxia conditions.
Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk; Jakub Chycki; Adam Zajac; Miroslav Petr; Miłosz Czuba; Jozef Langfort. Three weeks of intermittent hypoxic training affect antioxidant enzyme activity and increases lipid peroxidation in cyclists. Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 2019, 150, 1703 -1710.
AMA StyleMałgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk, Jakub Chycki, Adam Zajac, Miroslav Petr, Miłosz Czuba, Jozef Langfort. Three weeks of intermittent hypoxic training affect antioxidant enzyme activity and increases lipid peroxidation in cyclists. Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly. 2019; 150 (9):1703-1710.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk; Jakub Chycki; Adam Zajac; Miroslav Petr; Miłosz Czuba; Jozef Langfort. 2019. "Three weeks of intermittent hypoxic training affect antioxidant enzyme activity and increases lipid peroxidation in cyclists." Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 150, no. 9: 1703-1710.
Objectives The present study verified the effect of moderate-to-high-intensity aerobic exercise on the endocrine response profile and adipose tissue in young healthy men with different phenotype characteristics. Design Eighteen men were divided into three experimental groups with defined body components and specific physical fitness: Endurance phenotype – EP (n = 6; low body mass; low fat content; aerobic endurance trained), Athletic phenotype – AP (n = 6; high body mass; low fat content, resistance trained), Obesity phenotype – OP (n = 6; high body mass; high fat content, untrained). Methods The participants performed an progressive exercise protocol on a treadmill (30% VO2max, 50% VO2max, 70% VO2max), separated by 45 s of passive rest for blood collection. Results Plasma glucose oxidation increased in relation to exercise intensity, but to a greater extent in the AP group. The free fatty acids’ plasma level decreased with a rise in exercise intensity, but with different kinetics in particular phenotypes. Plasma growth hormone increased after the cessation of exercise and was significantly higher in all groups 45 min into recovery compared to resting values. Plasma insulin decreased during exercise in all groups, but in the OP, the decrease was blunted. Conclusions The results indicate that the rate of lipolysis, hormonal and metabolic response to aerobic exercise depends on the individuals’ phenotype. Thus, exercise type, duration and intensity have to be strictly individualized in relation to phenotype in order to reach optimal metabolic benefits.
J Chycki; A Zajac; M Michalczyk; A Maszczyk; J Langfort. Hormonal and metabolic substrate status in response to exercise in men of different phenotype. Endocrine Connections 2019, 8, 814 -821.
AMA StyleJ Chycki, A Zajac, M Michalczyk, A Maszczyk, J Langfort. Hormonal and metabolic substrate status in response to exercise in men of different phenotype. Endocrine Connections. 2019; 8 (7):814-821.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ Chycki; A Zajac; M Michalczyk; A Maszczyk; J Langfort. 2019. "Hormonal and metabolic substrate status in response to exercise in men of different phenotype." Endocrine Connections 8, no. 7: 814-821.
The aim of the study was to compare the impact of 6 weeks of reducing daily caloric intake by 20% of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE)-CRI vs. reducing daily caloric intake by 30% of TDEE-CRII on body mass reduction and insulin metabolism in former athletes. 94 males aged 35.7 ± 5.3 years, height 180.5 ± 4.1 cm, and body mass 96.82 ± 6.2 kg were randomly assigned to the CRI (n = 49) or CRII (n = 45) group. Thirty-one participants (18 subjects from CRI and 13 from CRII) resigned from the study. The effects of both diets on the body composition variables (body mass-BM; body fat-BF; fat free mass-FFM; muscle mass-MM; total body water-TBW), lipid profile (total lipids-TL; total cholesterol-TCh; HDL cholesterol-HDL; LDL cholesterol-LDL; triglycerides-TG), and glucose control variables (glucose-GL, insulin-I, HOMA-IR, insulin-like growth factor-1-IGF-1, leptin and adiponectin) were measured. After adhering to the CR I diet, significant differences were observed in FFM, MM and TG. After adhering to the CR II diet, significant differences were registered in tCh, TL and LDL. Both diets had a significant influence on leptin and adiponectin concentrations. Significant differences in FFM, MM, and tCh were observed between the CR I and CR II groups. At the end of the dietary intervention, significant differences in BF, FFM, MM and TBW were observed between the CR I and CR II groups. The 6 weeks of CR II diet appeared to be more effective in reducing BF and lipid profile and proved to be especially suitable for subjects with high body fat content and an elevated level of lipoproteins and cholesterol. Both reductive diets were effective in improving the levels of leptin and adiponectin in obese former athletes.
Joanna Hołowko; Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk; Adam Zając; Maja Czerwińska-Rogowska; Karina Ryterska; Marcin Banaszczak; Karolina Jakubczyk; Ewa Stachowska. Six Weeks of Calorie Restriction Improves Body Composition and Lipid Profile in Obese and Overweight Former Athletes. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1461 .
AMA StyleJoanna Hołowko, Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk, Adam Zając, Maja Czerwińska-Rogowska, Karina Ryterska, Marcin Banaszczak, Karolina Jakubczyk, Ewa Stachowska. Six Weeks of Calorie Restriction Improves Body Composition and Lipid Profile in Obese and Overweight Former Athletes. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (7):1461.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoanna Hołowko; Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk; Adam Zając; Maja Czerwińska-Rogowska; Karina Ryterska; Marcin Banaszczak; Karolina Jakubczyk; Ewa Stachowska. 2019. "Six Weeks of Calorie Restriction Improves Body Composition and Lipid Profile in Obese and Overweight Former Athletes." Nutrients 11, no. 7: 1461.
Despite increasing interest among athletes and scientists on the influence of different dietary interventions on sport performance, the association between a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet and anaerobic capacity has not been studied extensively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) followed by seven days of carbohydrate loading (Carbo-L) on anaerobic performance in male basketball players. Fifteen competitive basketball players took part in the experiment. They performed the Wingate test on three occasions: after the conventional diet (CD), following 4 weeks of the LCD, and after the weekly Carbo-L, to evaluate changes in peak power (PP), total work (TW), time to peak power (TTP), blood lactate concentration (LA), blood pH, and bicarbonate (HCO₃-). Additionally, the concentrations of testosterone, growth hormone, cortisol, and insulin were measured after each dietary intervention. The low-carbohydrate diet procedure significantly decreased total work, resting values of pH, and blood lactate concentration. After the low-carbohydrate diet, testosterone and growth hormone concentrations increased, while the level of insulin decreased. After the Carbo-L, total work, resting values of pH, bicarbonate, and lactate increased significantly compared with the results obtained after the low-carbohydrate diet. Significant differences after the low-carbohydrate diet and Carbo-L procedures, in values of blood lactate concentration, pH, and bicarbonate, between baseline and post exercise values were also observed. Four weeks of the low-carbohydrate diet decreased total work capacity, which returned to baseline values after the carbohydrate loading procedure. Moreover, neither the low-carbohydrate feeding nor carbohydrate loading affected peak power.
Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk; Jakub Chycki; Adam Zajac; Adam Maszczyk; Grzegorz Zydek; Józef Langfort. Anaerobic Performance after a Low-Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) Followed by 7 Days of Carbohydrate Loading in Male Basketball Players. Nutrients 2019, 11, 778 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk, Jakub Chycki, Adam Zajac, Adam Maszczyk, Grzegorz Zydek, Józef Langfort. Anaerobic Performance after a Low-Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) Followed by 7 Days of Carbohydrate Loading in Male Basketball Players. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (4):778.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk; Jakub Chycki; Adam Zajac; Adam Maszczyk; Grzegorz Zydek; Józef Langfort. 2019. "Anaerobic Performance after a Low-Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) Followed by 7 Days of Carbohydrate Loading in Male Basketball Players." Nutrients 11, no. 4: 778.
Recently, low carbohydrate diets have become very popular due to their numerous health benefits. Unfortunately, little is known about their chronic effects on the blood lipid profile and other cardiovascular disease risk factors in athletic populations. We compared the results of a four week, well-planned low carbohydrate diet (LCD) followed by seven days of carbohydrate loading (Carbo-L) on fasting lipids - triacylglycerol’s (TAG), LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol (TCh), glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR levels in 11 competitive basketball players. During the experiment, we also measured body mass (BM) and body composition changes: body fat (BF), % of body fat (PBF), and fat free mass (FFM). Both diet procedures significantly changed the fasting serum concentration of TAG (p < 0.05) and body fat content (kg and %) (p < 0.05), without negative changes in FFM. The Carbo-L procedure increased (p < 0.05) fasting glucose levels significantly. A LCD may be suggested for athletes who want to reduce body mass and fat content without compromising muscle mass. Several weeks on a LCD does not change the lipoprotein - LDL-C and HDL-C level significantly, while a seven-day Carb-L procedure may increase body fat content and fasting glucose concentration. Such dietary procedures are recommended for team sport athletes to reduce fat mass, lipid profile disorders and insulin resistance.
Małgorzata Michalczyk; Adam Zajac; Kazimierz Mikolajec; Grzegorz Zydek; Józef Langfort. No Modification in Blood Lipoprotein Concentration but Changes in Body Composition After 4 Weeks of Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) Followed by 7 Days of Carbohydrate Loading in Basketball Players. Journal of Human Kinetics 2018, 65, 125 -137.
AMA StyleMałgorzata Michalczyk, Adam Zajac, Kazimierz Mikolajec, Grzegorz Zydek, Józef Langfort. No Modification in Blood Lipoprotein Concentration but Changes in Body Composition After 4 Weeks of Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) Followed by 7 Days of Carbohydrate Loading in Basketball Players. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2018; 65 (1):125-137.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Michalczyk; Adam Zajac; Kazimierz Mikolajec; Grzegorz Zydek; Józef Langfort. 2018. "No Modification in Blood Lipoprotein Concentration but Changes in Body Composition After 4 Weeks of Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) Followed by 7 Days of Carbohydrate Loading in Basketball Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 65, no. 1: 125-137.
There is no clear evidence that vitamin D effectively improves physical capacity in high-level athletes. The aim of this study was to confirm that vitamin D supplementation of soccer players during eight-week high-intensity training would have a significant effect on their aerobic capacity. The subjects were divided into two groups: the experimental one that was supplemented with vitamin D (SG, n = 20), and the placebo group (PG, n = 16), not supplemented with vitamin D. All the players were subjected to the same soccer training described as High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT). The data of the vitamin D level, PWC170, lactate threshold (LT) were collected just before and after the intervention. A significant increase in vitamin D concentration (119%) was observed in the supplemented group, while the non-supplemented group showed a decrease of 8.4%. The studied subjects improved VO2max results by 20% in the SG, and by 13% in the PG. The improvement in velocity at the LT was similar in both groups. Results of this study show that vitamin D can have a positive, though moderate, effect on aerobic performance in players subjected to high-intensity training in the form of small-sided games for 8 weeks.
Maria Jastrzębska; Mariusz Kaczmarczyk; Małgorzata Michalczyk; Łukasz Radzimiński; Piotr Stępień; Joanna Jastrzębska; Dorota Wakuluk; Arturo Díaz Suárez; Guillermo Felipe López Sánchez; Pawel Cieszczyk; Piotr Godlewski; Paweł Król; Zbigniew Jastrzębski. Can Supplementation of Vitamin D Improve Aerobic Capacity in Well Trained Youth Soccer Players? Journal of Human Kinetics 2018, 61, 63 -72.
AMA StyleMaria Jastrzębska, Mariusz Kaczmarczyk, Małgorzata Michalczyk, Łukasz Radzimiński, Piotr Stępień, Joanna Jastrzębska, Dorota Wakuluk, Arturo Díaz Suárez, Guillermo Felipe López Sánchez, Pawel Cieszczyk, Piotr Godlewski, Paweł Król, Zbigniew Jastrzębski. Can Supplementation of Vitamin D Improve Aerobic Capacity in Well Trained Youth Soccer Players? Journal of Human Kinetics. 2018; 61 (1):63-72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Jastrzębska; Mariusz Kaczmarczyk; Małgorzata Michalczyk; Łukasz Radzimiński; Piotr Stępień; Joanna Jastrzębska; Dorota Wakuluk; Arturo Díaz Suárez; Guillermo Felipe López Sánchez; Pawel Cieszczyk; Piotr Godlewski; Paweł Król; Zbigniew Jastrzębski. 2018. "Can Supplementation of Vitamin D Improve Aerobic Capacity in Well Trained Youth Soccer Players?" Journal of Human Kinetics 61, no. 1: 63-72.
The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of 6 week Mediterranean diet or 30% calorie restriction on the fatty acid profile and eicosanoids (hydroxyoctadecadienoi acids and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids) concentration. Furthermore, basic biochemical variables such as insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, and a lipid profile were estimated. The study enrolled 94 Caucasian former athletes aged 20-42, with body height of 179 ± 16.00 cm and body mass of 89.26 ± 13.25 kg who had not been active for at least 5 years. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three intervention groups: CR group – the 30% calorie restriction (n = 32), MD group - the Mediterranean diet (n = 34), and C group - a control group (n = 28). The pattern of nutrition was analysed before and after the experiment using the 72 h food diaries. In order to evaluate the effect of diet intervention, the following variables were measured: anthropometrics, basic biochemical variables (insulin, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, lipid profile), fatty acids and their blood derivatives profiles. The CR group showed significantly lower levels of several biochemical variables, i.e., BMI, total cholesterol LDL, TG, total lipids, insulin and HOMA – IR (p < 0.05). Subjects consuming the MD diet significantly decreased their BMI and reduced the level of total lipids (p < 0.05). We did not find any significant changes in the C group. The analysis of the fatty acid profile revealed that the CR group had a significantly decreased EPA level (p < 0.05). The MD group showed a significantly increased level of the DHA (p < 0.05) and improvement in the omega - 3 index (p < 0.05). Subjects following the MD also showed significantly lower concentrations of 15 - hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE). We did not observe any significant differences between the CR and C groups. Within short time, calorie restriction helps to improve lipid variables and insulin resistance. The MD diet seems to be more advantageous in the decrease of inflammation, but does not improve basic biochemical variables. We can conclude that calorie restriction can be a good choice for former athletes, although EPA and DHA supplementation is needed.
Dominika Maciejewska; Małgorzata Michalczyk; Maja Czerwińska-Rogowska; Marcin Banaszczak; Karina Ryterska; Karolina Jakubczyk; Jakub Piotrwski; Joanna Hołowko; Arleta Drozd; Paweł Wysokińki; Krzysztof Ficek; Krzysztof Wilk; Anna Lubkowska; Pawel Cieszczyk; Jerzy Bertrand; Ewa Stachowska. Seeking Optimal Nutrition for Healthy Body Mass Reduction Among Former Athletes. Journal of Human Kinetics 2017, 60, 63 -75.
AMA StyleDominika Maciejewska, Małgorzata Michalczyk, Maja Czerwińska-Rogowska, Marcin Banaszczak, Karina Ryterska, Karolina Jakubczyk, Jakub Piotrwski, Joanna Hołowko, Arleta Drozd, Paweł Wysokińki, Krzysztof Ficek, Krzysztof Wilk, Anna Lubkowska, Pawel Cieszczyk, Jerzy Bertrand, Ewa Stachowska. Seeking Optimal Nutrition for Healthy Body Mass Reduction Among Former Athletes. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2017; 60 (1):63-75.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDominika Maciejewska; Małgorzata Michalczyk; Maja Czerwińska-Rogowska; Marcin Banaszczak; Karina Ryterska; Karolina Jakubczyk; Jakub Piotrwski; Joanna Hołowko; Arleta Drozd; Paweł Wysokińki; Krzysztof Ficek; Krzysztof Wilk; Anna Lubkowska; Pawel Cieszczyk; Jerzy Bertrand; Ewa Stachowska. 2017. "Seeking Optimal Nutrition for Healthy Body Mass Reduction Among Former Athletes." Journal of Human Kinetics 60, no. 1: 63-75.
The concept of altitude or hypoxic training is a common practice in cycling. However, several strategies for training regimens have been proposed, like “live high, train high” (LH-TH), “live high, train low” (LH-TL) or “intermittent hypoxic training” (IHT). Each of them combines the effect of acclimatization and different training protocols that require specific nutrition. An appropriate nutrition strategy and adequate hydration can help athletes achieve their fitness and performance goals in this unfriendly environment. In this review, the physiological stress of altitude exposure and training will be discussed, with specific nutrition recommendations for athletes training under such conditions. However, there is little research about the nutrition demands of athletes who train at moderate altitude. Our review considers energetic demands and body mass or body composition changes due to altitude training, including respiratory and urinary water loss under these conditions. Carbohydrate intake recommendations and hydration status are discussed in detail, while iron storage and metabolism is also considered. Last, but not least the risk of increased oxidative stress under hypoxic conditions and antioxidant supplementation suggestions are presented.
Małgorzata Michalczyk; Miłosz Czuba; Grzegorz Zydek; Adam Zając; Józef Langfort. Dietary Recommendations for Cyclists during Altitude Training. Nutrients 2016, 8, 377 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata Michalczyk, Miłosz Czuba, Grzegorz Zydek, Adam Zając, Józef Langfort. Dietary Recommendations for Cyclists during Altitude Training. Nutrients. 2016; 8 (6):377.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Michalczyk; Miłosz Czuba; Grzegorz Zydek; Adam Zając; Józef Langfort. 2016. "Dietary Recommendations for Cyclists during Altitude Training." Nutrients 8, no. 6: 377.
Jakub Chycki; Miłosz Czuba; Artur Gołaś; Adam Maszczyk; Małgorzata Michalczyk; Robert Roczniok; Michal Wilk; Adam Zając. Endocrine Responses to Physical Training and Tribulus Terrestris Supplememtation in Middle-Age Men. Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine 2016, 13, 65 -71.
AMA StyleJakub Chycki, Miłosz Czuba, Artur Gołaś, Adam Maszczyk, Małgorzata Michalczyk, Robert Roczniok, Michal Wilk, Adam Zając. Endocrine Responses to Physical Training and Tribulus Terrestris Supplememtation in Middle-Age Men. Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine. 2016; 13 ():65-71.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJakub Chycki; Miłosz Czuba; Artur Gołaś; Adam Maszczyk; Małgorzata Michalczyk; Robert Roczniok; Michal Wilk; Adam Zając. 2016. "Endocrine Responses to Physical Training and Tribulus Terrestris Supplememtation in Middle-Age Men." Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine 13, no. : 65-71.
The main objective of this research was to determine the effects of a long-term ketogenic diet, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, on aerobic performance and exercise metabolism in off-road cyclists. Additionally, the effects of this diet on body mass and body composition were evaluated, as well as those that occurred in the lipid and lipoprotein profiles due to the dietary intervention. The research material included eight male subjects, aged 28.3 ± 3.9 years, with at least five years of training experience that competed in off-road cycling. Each cyclist performed a continuous exercise protocol on a cycloergometer with varied intensity, after a mixed and ketogenic diet in a crossover design. The ketogenic diet stimulated favorable changes in body mass and body composition, as well as in the lipid and lipoprotein profiles. Important findings of the present study include a significant increase in the relative values of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and oxygen uptake at lactate threshold (VO2 LT) after the ketogenic diet, which can be explained by reductions in body mass and fat mass and/or the greater oxygen uptake necessary to obtain the same energy yield as on a mixed diet, due to increased fat oxidation or by enhanced sympathetic activation. The max work load and the work load at lactate threshold were significantly higher after the mixed diet. The values of the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were significantly lower at rest and during particular stages of the exercise protocol following the ketogenic diet. The heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake were significantly higher at rest and during the first three stages of exercise after the ketogenic diet, while the reverse was true during the last stage of the exercise protocol conducted with maximal intensity. Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were significantly lower at rest and during particular stages of the 105-min exercise protocol following the low carbohydrate ketogenic diet. The alterations in insulin and cortisol concentrations due to the dietary intervention confirm the concept that the glucostatic mechanism controls the hormonal and metabolic responses to exercise.
Adam Zajac; Stanisław Poprzecki; Adam Maszczyk; Miłosz Czuba; Małgorzata Michalczyk; Grzegorz Zydek. The Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Exercise Metabolism and Physical Performance in Off-Road Cyclists. Nutrients 2014, 6, 2493 -2508.
AMA StyleAdam Zajac, Stanisław Poprzecki, Adam Maszczyk, Miłosz Czuba, Małgorzata Michalczyk, Grzegorz Zydek. The Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Exercise Metabolism and Physical Performance in Off-Road Cyclists. Nutrients. 2014; 6 (7):2493-2508.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdam Zajac; Stanisław Poprzecki; Adam Maszczyk; Miłosz Czuba; Małgorzata Michalczyk; Grzegorz Zydek. 2014. "The Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Exercise Metabolism and Physical Performance in Off-Road Cyclists." Nutrients 6, no. 7: 2493-2508.
M Michalczyk; Stanisław Poprzęcki; Miłosz Czuba; Grzegorz Zydek; S Jagsz; Ewa Sadowska-Krępa; Adam Zajac. Blood antioxidant status in road cyclists during progressive (VO2max) and constant cyclist intensity test (MLSS). The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 2014, 55, 1 .
AMA StyleM Michalczyk, Stanisław Poprzęcki, Miłosz Czuba, Grzegorz Zydek, S Jagsz, Ewa Sadowska-Krępa, Adam Zajac. Blood antioxidant status in road cyclists during progressive (VO2max) and constant cyclist intensity test (MLSS). The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2014; 55 (9):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM Michalczyk; Stanisław Poprzęcki; Miłosz Czuba; Grzegorz Zydek; S Jagsz; Ewa Sadowska-Krępa; Adam Zajac. 2014. "Blood antioxidant status in road cyclists during progressive (VO2max) and constant cyclist intensity test (MLSS)." The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 55, no. 9: 1.
Aerobic capacity and sprint velocity of Leagues I and IV football players Study aim: To assess the aerobic capacity, sprint velocity and changes in biochemical variables in football players preparing for the spring round of matches. Material and methods: Football players from League I (n = 19) and League IV (n = 15) were subjected twice to a graded running tests at the beginning and at the end of the pre-season preparation period. The following variables were recorded: maximum running velocity (km/h), O2max (ml/kg/min), pulmonary ventilation (VE), load at the lactate threshold (LT) expressed as the threshold velocity (LTV; km/h) or %O2max, activities of enzymes in plasma - creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), concentrations of lactate (La), ammonia (NH3) and of glucose (Gl) in plasma. At the end of the study the players were also subjected to a 30-m sprint test. Results: In League I players, LT significantly (p<0.05) increased from 11.9 ± 0.8 (at the beginning) to 12.6 ± 0.7 km/h (at the end of the pre-season preparation period) and the maximum load - from 17.4 ± 0.9 to 18.3 ± 1.0 km/h, respectively. Also, the concentrations of NH3 and Gl significantly (p<0.05) increased and enzyme activities tended to increase (p<0.10) following the graded running test. Moreover, they attained significantly (p<0.05) higher velocity at the first 5 m of the 30-m sprint test than their League IV mates. Conclusions: The negligible differences between football players from Leagues I and IV in their aerobic capacity and speed abilities, and the marked distance from world elite players in those indices, call for substantial changes in training strategies and schedules.
Małgorzata Michalczyk; Barbara Kłapcińska; Stanisław Poprzęcki; Sławomir Jagsz; Ewa Sadowska-Krępa; Elżbieta Kimsa; Katarzyna Kempa; Jan Chmura. Aerobic capacity and sprint velocity of Leagues I and IV football players. Biomedical Human Kinetics 2010, 2, 9 -14.
AMA StyleMałgorzata Michalczyk, Barbara Kłapcińska, Stanisław Poprzęcki, Sławomir Jagsz, Ewa Sadowska-Krępa, Elżbieta Kimsa, Katarzyna Kempa, Jan Chmura. Aerobic capacity and sprint velocity of Leagues I and IV football players. Biomedical Human Kinetics. 2010; 2 (2010):9-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Michalczyk; Barbara Kłapcińska; Stanisław Poprzęcki; Sławomir Jagsz; Ewa Sadowska-Krępa; Elżbieta Kimsa; Katarzyna Kempa; Jan Chmura. 2010. "Aerobic capacity and sprint velocity of Leagues I and IV football players." Biomedical Human Kinetics 2, no. 2010: 9-14.
Evaluation of the Blood Antioxidant Capacity in Two Selected Phases of the Training Cycle in Professional Soccer Players The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a regular pre-season training on the aerobic performance and the blood antioxidant defense capacity in soccer players from the Polish Premier League club (n=19) and IVth League team (n=15). The players participated in an incremental treadmill running exercise to volitional fatigue twice (i.e., at the beginning (Trial A) and the end (Trial B) of the pre-season spring training). In venous blood samples, taken at rest and 3 min post-test, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, GR) and concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH, tocopherols, retinol, uric acid) and malondialdehyde as a lipid peroxidation biomarker were measured. With the aim of between-group comparisons and possible conclusions on training-induced changes in the capacity of the blood antioxidant defense, the POTAX index was calculated as a sum of standardized activities of antioxidant enzymes and concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants. The results of the present study indicate that the players from the Premier League club were characterized by only slightly higher maximal oxygen uptake rates, the differences compared to IVth League team, as assessed in both trials, were statistically insignificant. Participation in the pre-season training resulted in a moderate improvement of aerobic performance, although only a few players were characterized by VO2max comparable to the international-class elite performers. No distinct differences were observed in the level of aerobic performance between higher- and lower-classified players. Pre-season training led to an improvement in the global blood antioxidant capacity expressed in terms of POTAOX indices, although the changes in the activities and concentrations of individual components of the antioxidant system were less pronounced. Training-induced level of antioxidant conditioning was higher among the Premier League players, which may be related to differences in the training schedule and nutritional preparation of the athletes.
Małgorzata Michalczyk; Barbara Kłapcińska; Ewa Sadowska-Krępa; Sławomir Jagsz; Wiesław Pilis; Izabela Szołtysek-Bołdys; Jan Chmura; Elżbieta Kimsa; Katarzyna Kempa. Evaluation of the Blood Antioxidant Capacity in Two Selected Phases of the Training Cycle in Professional Soccer Players. Journal of Human Kinetics 2008, 19, 93 -108.
AMA StyleMałgorzata Michalczyk, Barbara Kłapcińska, Ewa Sadowska-Krępa, Sławomir Jagsz, Wiesław Pilis, Izabela Szołtysek-Bołdys, Jan Chmura, Elżbieta Kimsa, Katarzyna Kempa. Evaluation of the Blood Antioxidant Capacity in Two Selected Phases of the Training Cycle in Professional Soccer Players. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2008; 19 (2008):93-108.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Michalczyk; Barbara Kłapcińska; Ewa Sadowska-Krępa; Sławomir Jagsz; Wiesław Pilis; Izabela Szołtysek-Bołdys; Jan Chmura; Elżbieta Kimsa; Katarzyna Kempa. 2008. "Evaluation of the Blood Antioxidant Capacity in Two Selected Phases of the Training Cycle in Professional Soccer Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 19, no. 2008: 93-108.