This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Well-designed wayfinding signs play an important role in improving the service level of metro stations, ensuring the safety of passengers in evacuation, and promoting the sustainable development of public transport. This study explored the effects of ambient illumination, color combination, sign height, and observation angle on wayfinding signs’ legibility in metro stations. In the experiment, simulated metro-wayfinding signs were made to test legibility. As designed, the legibility was measured based on the following independent variables: two levels of ambient illumination (70 lux and 273 lux), two target/background color combinations (achromatic-white target on black background, chromatic-yellow target on black background), two sign heights (1.5 m and 2 m), and three observation angles (0°, 45°, 70°). The results showed that brighter ambient illumination provided passengers with higher legibility. Achromatic color combination was more legible than chromatic color combination, but not significantly. Different types of signs, set at different height, did not directly affect legibility. Observation angle had significant effects on legibility. Visibility catchment area of wayfinding signs was like an ellipse, with its short axis nearly equal to the legibility distance of the sign at 0 degrees. The findings will facilitate the layout and setting location of wayfinding signs in metro stations and improve the level of wayfinding service.
Yuqi Shi; Yi Zhang; Tao Wang; Chaoyang Li; Shengqiang Yuan. The Effects of Ambient Illumination, Color Combination, Sign Height, and Observation Angle on the Legibility of Wayfinding Signs in Metro Stations. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4133 .
AMA StyleYuqi Shi, Yi Zhang, Tao Wang, Chaoyang Li, Shengqiang Yuan. The Effects of Ambient Illumination, Color Combination, Sign Height, and Observation Angle on the Legibility of Wayfinding Signs in Metro Stations. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4133.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuqi Shi; Yi Zhang; Tao Wang; Chaoyang Li; Shengqiang Yuan. 2020. "The Effects of Ambient Illumination, Color Combination, Sign Height, and Observation Angle on the Legibility of Wayfinding Signs in Metro Stations." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4133.
With the increasing demand of hazardous material (Hazmat), traffic accidents occurred frequently during Hazmat transportation, which had caused widespread concern in communities. Therefore, a good understanding of Hazmat transportation accident characteristics and contributing factors is of practical importance. In this study, 1721 Hazmat accidents that have occurred during road transportation for the period 2014–2017 in China were examined, and a random-parameters ordered probit model was established to explore the influence of contributing factors on the severity of accidents by accounting for unobserved heterogeneity in the data. Both the injuries and the number of people evacuated were considered as the indicator of accident severity and investigated, respectively. Results show that higher injury severity is likely to be associated with type of Hazmat (compressed gas, explosive, and poison), misoperation, driver fatigue, speeding, tunnel, slope, county road, dry road surface, winter, dark, more than two vehicles, rear end crash, and explosion. As for the correlation between risk factors and the severity of evacuation, type of Hazmat (compressed gas, explosive, and poison), quantity of Hazmat (10–39 t), misoperation, county road, dry road surface, weekdays, dusk, explosion significantly contribute to increasing the severity of evacuation of Hazmat accidents.
Yingying Xing; Shengdi Chen; Shengxue Zhu; Yi Zhang; Jian Lu. Exploring Risk Factors Contributing to the Severity of Hazardous Material Transportation Accidents in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1344 .
AMA StyleYingying Xing, Shengdi Chen, Shengxue Zhu, Yi Zhang, Jian Lu. Exploring Risk Factors Contributing to the Severity of Hazardous Material Transportation Accidents in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (4):1344.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingying Xing; Shengdi Chen; Shengxue Zhu; Yi Zhang; Jian Lu. 2020. "Exploring Risk Factors Contributing to the Severity of Hazardous Material Transportation Accidents in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4: 1344.
Comprehensive analyses of urban traffic carbon emissions are critical in achieving low-carbon transportation. This paper started from the architecture design of a carbon emission mobile monitoring system using multiple sets of equipment and collected the corresponding data about traffic flow, meteorological conditions, vehicular carbon emissions and driving characteristics on typical roads in Shanghai and Wuxi, Jiangsu province. Based on these data, the emission model MOVES was calibrated and used with various sensitivity and correlation evaluation indices to analyze the traffic carbon emissions at microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic levels, respectively. The major factors that influence urban traffic carbon emissions were investigated, so that emission factors of CO, CO and HC were calculated by taking representative passenger cars as a case study. As a result, the urban traffic carbon emissions were assessed quantitatively, and the total amounts of CO, CO and HC emission from passenger cars in Shanghai were estimated as 76.95kt, 8271.91kt, and 2.13kt, respectively. Arterial roads were found as the primary line source, accounting for 50.49% carbon emissions. In additional to the overall major factors identified, the mobile monitoring system and carbon emission quantification method proposed in this study are of rather guiding significance for the further urban low-carbon transportation development.
Daniel (Jian) Sun; Ying Zhang; Rui Xue; Yi Zhang. Modeling carbon emissions from urban traffic system using mobile monitoring. Science of The Total Environment 2017, 599-600, 944 -951.
AMA StyleDaniel (Jian) Sun, Ying Zhang, Rui Xue, Yi Zhang. Modeling carbon emissions from urban traffic system using mobile monitoring. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 599-600 ():944-951.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel (Jian) Sun; Ying Zhang; Rui Xue; Yi Zhang. 2017. "Modeling carbon emissions from urban traffic system using mobile monitoring." Science of The Total Environment 599-600, no. : 944-951.
Developing public transportation and giving priority to buses is a feasible solution for improving the level of public transportation service, which facilitates congestion alleviation and prevention, and contributes to urban development and city sustainability. This paper presents a novel bus operation control strategy including both holding control and speed control to improve the level of service of transit systems within a connected vehicle environment. Most previous work focuses on optimization of signal timing to decrease the bus signal delay by assuming that holding control is not applied; the speed of buses is given as a constant input and the acceleration and deceleration processes of buses can be neglected. This paper explores the benefits of a bus operation control strategy to minimize the total cost, which includes bus signal delay, bus holding delay, bus travel delay, acceleration cost due to frequent stops and intense driving. A set of formulations are developed to explicitly capture the interaction between bus holding control and speed control. Experimental analysisand simulation tests have shown that the proposed integrated operational model outperforms the traditional control, speed control only, or holding control only strategies in terms of reducing the total cost of buses. The sensitivity analysis has further demonstrated the potential effectiveness of the proposed approach to be applied in a real-time bus operation control system under different levels of traffic demand, bus stop locations, and speed limits.
Wei Wu; Wanjing Ma; Kejun Long; Heping Zhou; Yi Zhang. Designing Sustainable Public Transportation: Integrated Optimization of Bus Speed and Holding Time in a Connected Vehicle Environment. Sustainability 2016, 8, 1170 .
AMA StyleWei Wu, Wanjing Ma, Kejun Long, Heping Zhou, Yi Zhang. Designing Sustainable Public Transportation: Integrated Optimization of Bus Speed and Holding Time in a Connected Vehicle Environment. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (11):1170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei Wu; Wanjing Ma; Kejun Long; Heping Zhou; Yi Zhang. 2016. "Designing Sustainable Public Transportation: Integrated Optimization of Bus Speed and Holding Time in a Connected Vehicle Environment." Sustainability 8, no. 11: 1170.
On-road vehicle emissions are one of the major sources of transport emissions. As a key design factor, road grades (or road slopes) have significant effects on on-road vehicle emissions, particularly on Heavy-Duty Vehicles (HDVs). However, the research into the relationship between road grades and on-road vehicle emissions is very rare in China. Taking a road network in Taiyuan, China, as a study area, this paper explored the influences of road grades on carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions of HDVs. Combining emissions data collected by Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) with Vehicle Specific Power (VSP), we developed an emission rate model of HDVs. Then, we integrated it with the traffic simulation model VISSIM to attain the emissions of HDVs on nine scenarios differentiated by road grades. The results showed that the three emissions are found to be highly correlated to road grades, among which the CO emissions are most sensitive to the change of road grades and the HC emissions least. Compared to the emissions at 0% grade, the emissions at 4% grade will be boosted from 39.0% to 60.6%. The CO and NOx emissions increase with the road grades in all nine scenarios, while the variations of HC emissions in different scenarios were complicated. The findings of this research will provide insights for policy-makers, scholars, and practitioners into strategies for improving road design to reduce traffic emissions and develop sustainable transportation in China.
Wendan Zhang; Jian Lu; Ping Xu; Yi Zhang. Moving towards Sustainability: Road Grades and On-Road Emissions of Heavy-Duty Vehicles—A Case Study. Sustainability 2015, 7, 12644 -12671.
AMA StyleWendan Zhang, Jian Lu, Ping Xu, Yi Zhang. Moving towards Sustainability: Road Grades and On-Road Emissions of Heavy-Duty Vehicles—A Case Study. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (9):12644-12671.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWendan Zhang; Jian Lu; Ping Xu; Yi Zhang. 2015. "Moving towards Sustainability: Road Grades and On-Road Emissions of Heavy-Duty Vehicles—A Case Study." Sustainability 7, no. 9: 12644-12671.
The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is able to make the transportation system safer, smoother, and more sustainable. The research and practice of pre-trip traveler information (PTI), an indispensable component of ITS, is very limited in China. With data collected from Zhongshan Metropolitan Area, China, this empirical study revealed the socio-demographics of potential PTI users and feasible travel responses in daily trips under PTI. Young-and-middle-aged, influential, and motorized males were the most potential PTI users, while unemployed young females the least. Among the motorized potential users who habitually traveled by car, the high-income sub-group was least likely to shift travel modes under PTI. The younger white-collar or blue-collar had a lower propensity to shift to bicycle, but the younger blue-collar workers were more likely to shift to walking. The low income preferred to shift to bus rather than elevated light rail due to the difference of travel cost. The findings will facilitate our understanding of the market segments and effects of PTI, improve the system design and implementation strategy, and help address urban traffic and environmental issues throughout China.
Yi Zhang; Xiaoguang Yang; Qixing Liu; Chaoyang Li. Who Will Use Pre-Trip Traveler Information and How Will They Respond? Insights from Zhongshan Metropolitan Area, China. Sustainability 2015, 7, 5857 -5874.
AMA StyleYi Zhang, Xiaoguang Yang, Qixing Liu, Chaoyang Li. Who Will Use Pre-Trip Traveler Information and How Will They Respond? Insights from Zhongshan Metropolitan Area, China. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (5):5857-5874.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYi Zhang; Xiaoguang Yang; Qixing Liu; Chaoyang Li. 2015. "Who Will Use Pre-Trip Traveler Information and How Will They Respond? Insights from Zhongshan Metropolitan Area, China." Sustainability 7, no. 5: 5857-5874.
To address worsening urban traffic and environmental issues, planners and policy makers in China have begun to recognize the importance of shaping vehicle use through the built environment. However, very few studies can be found that examine the relationship between the built environment and vehicle use in the Chinese context. With data collected in Zhongshan Metropolitan Area, this study examined how two built environment representations—simple measures and neighborhood types—were related to household car trips and motorcycle trips in China. The results of the negative binomial regression models showed that the household socio-demographic measures displayed significant association, and the built environment representations enhanced the explanatory powers. All else being equal, households in Zhongshan would generate less car and motorcycle trips if located in neighborhoods with denser land use development, better transit service and less connective street networks. In order to shape vehicle use, the findings provided informative insights for planners and policy makers to form a relatively high density of land use developments, slow down the construction of street networks, provide more jobs adjacent to residential areas and facilitate easy access to public transportation services.
Yi Zhang; Wei Wu; Yuan Li; Qixing Liu; Chaoyang Li. Does the Built Environment Make a Difference? An Investigation of Household Vehicle Use in Zhongshan Metropolitan Area, China. Sustainability 2014, 6, 4910 -4930.
AMA StyleYi Zhang, Wei Wu, Yuan Li, Qixing Liu, Chaoyang Li. Does the Built Environment Make a Difference? An Investigation of Household Vehicle Use in Zhongshan Metropolitan Area, China. Sustainability. 2014; 6 (8):4910-4930.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYi Zhang; Wei Wu; Yuan Li; Qixing Liu; Chaoyang Li. 2014. "Does the Built Environment Make a Difference? An Investigation of Household Vehicle Use in Zhongshan Metropolitan Area, China." Sustainability 6, no. 8: 4910-4930.
Cycling is an important form of active transport and physical activity to provide substantial health benefits to the elderly. Among voluminous physical activity-related literature, few studies have investigated the correlates of active transport of the rural elderly in China. This study was the first attempt to investigate the impact of the household, personal, and environmental attributes on rural elderly’s cycling activity with data collected in 102 rural neighborhoods of Zhongshan Metropolitan Area, China. The negative binomial regression models suggest that, all else being equal, living in a neighborhood with low proportion of elderly population (over 60), abundant bike lanes, and a compact urban form related to high density and mixed development, are associated with the increase of frequency and duration of the rural elderly’s cycling trips. The models also detect that attitude towards cycling and household bicycle and motorized vehicle ownership are strongly related to cycling trips of the rural elderly in Zhongshan. The findings provide insights for transportation and public health agencies, practitioners, and researchers into the effective design of interventions from the prospective of attitudes, social and built environment on health promotion of the rural elderly in China.
Yi Zhang; Xiaoguang Yang; Yuan Li; Qixing Liu; Chaoyang Li. Household, Personal and Environmental Correlates of Rural Elderly’s Cycling Activity: Evidence from Zhongshan Metropolitan Area, China. Sustainability 2014, 6, 3599 -3614.
AMA StyleYi Zhang, Xiaoguang Yang, Yuan Li, Qixing Liu, Chaoyang Li. Household, Personal and Environmental Correlates of Rural Elderly’s Cycling Activity: Evidence from Zhongshan Metropolitan Area, China. Sustainability. 2014; 6 (6):3599-3614.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYi Zhang; Xiaoguang Yang; Yuan Li; Qixing Liu; Chaoyang Li. 2014. "Household, Personal and Environmental Correlates of Rural Elderly’s Cycling Activity: Evidence from Zhongshan Metropolitan Area, China." Sustainability 6, no. 6: 3599-3614.
Policies and interventions involving the built environment have become a promising opportunity for the promotion of walking as a sustainable transportation mode. Among voluminous literature, few studies were found that examined the association between the built environment and walking among the elderly in China. This study investigated the relationship between the built environment and the walking activity of the elderly based on data collected in Zhongshan Metropolitan Area, China. The results suggest that abundant sidewalks, dense bus stops, easily accessible commercial establishments, and ample green land space are potentially effective to enhance walking among the elderly, albeit to varied degrees. The compact urban form, which is considered as walkability in the western context, may not necessarily play a positive role in Zhongshan’s context. The findings provide insights into the policy-making to promote sustainable transportation modes and the design of interventions on health promotion of the elderly in China.
Yi Zhang; Yuan Li; Qixing Liu; Chaoyang Li. The Built Environment and Walking Activity of the Elderly: An Empirical Analysis in the Zhongshan Metropolitan Area, China. Sustainability 2014, 6, 1076 -1092.
AMA StyleYi Zhang, Yuan Li, Qixing Liu, Chaoyang Li. The Built Environment and Walking Activity of the Elderly: An Empirical Analysis in the Zhongshan Metropolitan Area, China. Sustainability. 2014; 6 (2):1076-1092.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYi Zhang; Yuan Li; Qixing Liu; Chaoyang Li. 2014. "The Built Environment and Walking Activity of the Elderly: An Empirical Analysis in the Zhongshan Metropolitan Area, China." Sustainability 6, no. 2: 1076-1092.