ResumoO campomanesia xanthocarpa, conhecido popularmente como gabiroba, é utilizado como planta medicinal no tratamento de doenças inflamatórias, úlceras, entre outros usos, exigindo estudos para auxiliar na comprovação dessas atividades. Neste estudo, o extrato de folhas de C. xanthocarpa(CxHE) foi submetido a ensaios de lamber patas induzidas por formalina, peritonite induzida por testes de hiperalgesia mecânica induzida por lipopolissacarídeo e carragenina. Na análise química, foram realizadas uma triagem fitoquímica preliminar e a determinação do teor de fenol e flavonóides, além das análises pelos sistemas ESI-MS / MS e HPLC-DAD. O CxHE apresentou compostos como taninos, triterpenóides, esteróides e saponinas e teor de fenóis (35,9 ± 1,3 GAE / g extrato) e flavonóides (23,3 ± 2,1 mg EQ / g extrato). Foram identificados ácido protocatecuico, ácido gálico, galato de etila, quercetina e galato de 3-metil epigalocatequina, alfa e beta-amirinas. CxHE em doses de 10-1000 mg / kg po demonstrou efeitos anti-inflamatórios e antinociceptivos em todos os in vivo ensaios empregados neste estudo.

Naringenin is a flavonoid with several biological activities already reported but with few biological applications in the pharmaceutical field. In this work, a new flavanone, called carboxymidamide (DCHA), synthesized through the condensation reaction between naringenin and aminoguanidine is structurally confirmed through spectroscopic analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared. DCHA was not toxic to human fibroblasts and inhibited macrophage activation in vitro. In vivo, it suppressed leukocyte migration in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peritonitis and reduced zymosan-induced paw edema. Molecular docking simulations of DCHA in the active site of the enzymes inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 and phosphodiesterase type 4 indicate that the anti-inflammatory activity of this new flavanone can be explained by the inhibition of these target enzymes. This is the first work to present the synthesis of a flavonoid derivative with aminoguanidine that showed a high anti-inflammatory potential.

The extracts and fractions of leaves and branches of Protium hebetatum D. C. Daly (Burseraceae) were investigated for their antibacterial activity and chemical composition. The methanol extract of branches (EMG) was considered active against the Escherichia coli and the Proteus vulgaris, showing an inhibition zone of 13 mm, and was selected for bioassay-guided phytochemical fractionation. From the technique of broth microdilution, the extract was considered a moderate inhibitor against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 mg/mL. The dichloromethane fraction was considered a moderate inhibitor against S. aureus (MIC of 1 mg/mL) and a potent inhibitor against E. faecalis (MIC of 0.5 mg/mL). F1, F2, F5 and F6 from chromatographic column of dichloromethane fraction were considered moderate inhibitors against S. aureus (MIC of 1 mg/mL). Through analysis by a gas chromatography mass spectrometry, eighteen compounds were identified, from which thirteen (isoeugenol, p-vinylguaiacol, metoxyeugenol, coumarin, 5-hydroxy-scopoletin, 4,7-dihydroxy-6-metoxicromam-2-one, 4[(1E]-3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxyphenol, piperonal, scoparon, o-guaiacol, spathulenol, seringol and antiarol) are unprecedented in these species. We also identified the triterpenes α-amyrin and β-amyrin, the steroids stigmasterol and sitosterol and the coumarin scopoletin, which was closely linked to the antibacterial activity of the samples.

Introduction:Byrsonima garcibarrigae is an endemic tree of Amazonas state, Brazil, with pharmacological and chemical knowledge poorly understood. Aim: To investigate the antidiabetic potential of the B. garcibarrigae stem bark. Methods: The stem bark was sequentially extracted by maceration with hexane (EHBG), ethyl acetate (EABG), and methanol (EMBG). The antioxidant capacity, α-glucosidase inhibitory potentials and anti-glycation capacities were evaluated. A bio-guided fractionation gave compounds that were characterized by MS and NMR. Results: 8 compounds were identified by HPLC-MS. EMBG showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (1.09±0.32 μg/mL), antioxidant activity (9.2±0.23 μg/mL) and phenolic compounds content (61.43±0.50%), thus was fractionated producing hexane (FHX), chloroform (FCL) and hydromethanolic (FHM) fractions. After additional anti-α-glucosidase assays, FHM (1.02±0.49 μg/mL) was fractionated giving quercitrin and epicatechin. The anti-glycation assay showed that EMBG, FHM and quercitrin presented higher activities in comparison to the positive control, aminoguanidine. Conclusions:B. garcibarrigae displayed antidiabetic potential since inhibited α-glucosidase, as well as presented expressive antioxidant and anti-glycation activities were recorded.