The Jiawula Ag–Pb–Zn deposit lies in the renowned Ag–polymetallic metallogenic province of northern China. The origin of this structurally controlled ore body is linked to fluid migration and mineralization along cogenetic fault systems. Sulphur isotopic compositions suggest that the ore-forming aqueous solutions were derived mainly from deep magmatic fluids. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions indicate that these fluids were magmatic during early stages of ore formation and meteoric during late-stage mineralization. Lead isotopic compositions indicate that this metal was derived mainly from a mantle source, and to a lesser extent from a crustal source. Collectively, the isotopic data indicate that formation of the Jiawula Ag–Pb–Zn deposit was ultimately a reflection of late Yanshanian (140–120 Ma) volcanic–subvolcanic hydrothermal activity. The addition of meteoric water to these magmatic hydrothermal fluids created favourable conditions for mineralization. During ore formation, metallogenesis took place in a relatively open, non-equilibrium system under conditions of low δ³⁴S_∑S and an intermediate oxidation state. Microthermometric study of fluid inclusions indicates homogenization temperatures of 180–260°C. Salinities, densities, pressure, and depth of ore-forming fluids ranged from 0.18 to 12.62 wt.% NaCl eqv., 0.637 to 0.976 g/cm³, 3.44 to 162.05 bar, and 0.5 to 1.5 km, respectively. Laser Raman studies of single-phase fluid inclusions show that the ore-forming fluids belong to the H₂O–NaCl system. Analysis of bulk chemical compositions of fluid inclusions indicates that the ore-forming fluid can be classified as the Na⁺–Ca²⁺– –Cl⁻ fluid type. All obtained geochemical data demonstrate that the ore-forming fluids of the Jiawula Ag–Pb–Zn deposit are medium- to low-temperature, medium- to low-pressure, medium- to low-salinity, and low-density fluids. Based on their compositions, they can be classified into two end-members: magmatic hydrothermal fluid and meteoric water. The key factors allowing for metal transport and precipitation during ore formation include the sourcing of magmatic fluids with high contents of metallogenic elements and the mixing of these hydrothermal fluids with meteoric waters resulting in the formation of a large Ag–Pb–Zn deposit. In terms of genetic type, the Jiawula deposit can be regarded as a volcanic–subvolcanic hydrothermal vein Pb–Zn–Ag ore deposit.

Skarn-type tungsten deposits are widely distributed all over the world and contribute more than 70% of the world’s W supply. The temporal relation between the W mineralization and causative intrusions and the evolution of ore-forming fluids are matters of ongoing debate. In this study, we combine in situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and trace element compositions of scheelite from Zhuxi, the world’s largest W deposit, and compare them with literature data to address the above issues. Three primary ore stages exist at Zhuxi: prograde skarn, retrograde skarn, and quartz-sulfide stages. Most scheelite occurs in the retrograde skarn stage and is further subdivided into three generations: Sch A, B, and C. The obtained LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages for three scheelite generations in the Zhuxi deposit are 154.0 ± 2.8, 150.3 ± 3.5, and 150.4 ± 6.3 Ma, respectively, indicating that the entire W mineralization is closely related to the emplacement of the nearby Late Jurassic granites (~154 to 150 Ma, zircon U-Pb ages). In situ LA-ICP-MS trace element results demonstrate that Sch A shows the highest Mo content (mean = 1002 ppm), where those for Sch B and Sch C are 109 and 45 ppm, respectively. These, combined with the gradually increasing trend of Ce contents and δCe values, indicate a shift from oxidizing to reducing conditions for the ore-forming fluid. All three scheelite generations yield significant positive δEu anomalies, which are considered to be unrelated to the redox state, but caused by the addition of Eu (e.g., feldspar dissolution). The high-Y/Ho ratio of scheelite and a good correlation between Y/Ho ratio and δEu (R2 = 0.96) suggest that intense fluid-rock interactions between ore fluids and the Shuangqiaoshan Group metasedimentary rocks as well as earlier-formed skarns drove fluid evolution. This study demonstrates that scheelite U-Pb geochronology is a useful technique when identifying the temporal link between hydrothermal W mineralization and the causative intrusion. Our results also highlight that the reactions of the ore fluids with wall rocks and earlier-formed skarns significantly modify the primary fluid compositions.

The rapid increase in the ageing population of most developed countries is presenting significant challenges to policymakers of public healthcare. To address this problem, we propose a Smarter Safer Home solution that enables ageing Australians to live independently longer in their own homes. The primary aim of our approach is to enhance the Quality of Life (QoL) of aged citizens and the Family Quality of Life (FQoL) for the adult children supporting their aged parents. To achieve this, we use environmentally placed sensors for non-intrusive monitoring of human behaviour. The various sensors will detect and gather activity and ambience data which will be fused through specific decision support algorithms to extract Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Subsequently, these estimated ADLs would be correlated with reported and recorded health events to predicate health decline or critical health situations from the changes in ADLs.

The Yangla copper deposit (Cu reserves: 1.2 Mt) in the Jinshajiang–Lancangjiang–Nujiang region in China is spatially associated with the Linong granitoid. Zircon U–Pb dating shows the granitoid formed at 234.1 ± 1.2 to 235.6 ± 1.2 Ma, and the KT2 ore body of the deposit yields a molybdenite Re–Os model age of 230.9 ± 3.2 Ma. The ages of mineralization and crystallization of the granitoid are identical within the measurement uncertainties, suggesting the Yangla deposit is genitically related to the Indosinian Linong granitoid.