Endophytes, microorganisms that live in the internal tissues and organs of the plants, are known to produce numerous bioactive compounds, including, at times, some phytochemicals of their host plant. For such reason, endophytes have been quoted as a potential source for discovering bioactive compounds, particularly, of medical interest. Currently, many non-communicable diseases are threatening global human health, noticeably: diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and other ailment related to chronic inflammation and ageing. Intriguingly, the pathogenesis and development of these diseases have been linked to an excessive formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are a heterogeneous group of compounds that can alter the conformation, function, and lifetime of proteins. Therefore, compounds that prevent the formation and consequent accumulation of AGEs (AntiAGEs compounds) could be useful to delay the progress of some chronic diseases, and/or harmful effects of undue AGEs accumulation. Despite the remarkable ability of endophytes to produce bioactive compounds, most of the natural antiAGEs compounds reported in the literature are derived from plants. Accordingly, this work covers 26 plant antiAGEs compounds and some derivatives that have been reported as endophytic metabolites, and discusses the importance, possible advantages, and challenges of using endophytes as a potential source of antiAGEs compounds.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the predominant form of dementia globally. No reliable diagnostic, predictive techniques, or curative interventions are available. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are vital to controlling gene expression, making them valuable biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. This study examines the transcriptome of olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from individuals with the PSEN1(A431E) mutation (Jalisco mutation). The aim is to determine whether this mutation affects the transcriptome and expression profile of miRNAs and their target genes at different stages of asymptomatic, presymptomatic, and symptomatic conditions. Expression microarrays compare the MSCs from mutation carriers with those from healthy donors. The results indicate a distinct variation in the expression of miRNAs and mRNAs among different symptomatologic groups and between individuals with the mutation. Using bioinformatics tools allows us to identify target genes for miRNAs, which in turn affect various biological processes and pathways. These include the cell cycle, senescence, transcription, and pathways involved in regulating the pluripotency of stem cells. These processes are closely linked to inter- and intracellular communication, vital for cellular functioning. These findings can enhance our comprehension and monitoring of the disease’s physiological processes, identify new disorder indicators, and develop innovative treatments and diagnostic tools for preventing or treating AD.

Excessive accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is implicated in the development of non‐communicable diseases like diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancer, among others. Inhibition of AGEs formation represents a promising therapeutic alternative for management of these diseases. This study explores 12 fungal endophytes from Piper auritum (Kunth) as sources of inhibitors of AGEs formation (in vitro). Extracts from Neopestalotiopsis and Diaporthe exhibited the strongest activity, reducing AGEs formation more than 60%. Chemical profiling of these extracts was performed by untargeted and phenolics‐targeted approaches using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC‐high resolution mass spectrometry [HRMS] and UPLC–MS/MS, respectively). A total of 41 and 36 compounds were identified in Diaporthe and Neopestalotiopsis extracts, respectively. Seven phenolic compounds were identified in the targeted approach and evaluated for their inhibitory effects on AGEs and fructosamine formation. Gentisic acid displayed the strongest inhibition on fluorescent AGEs formation, followed by sinapic acid, whereas secoisolariciresinol, detected in Neopestalotiopsis extracts, was the most effective inhibitor of fructosamine formation. Additionally, several coumarins, xanthones, and terpenoids are suggested as bioactive candidates due to their structural similarity to known anti‐AGEs compounds. We conclude that Neopestalotiopsis and Diaporthe endophytes from P. auritum harbor promising and yet underexplored anti‐AGEs compounds with potential biomedical relevance.