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A three-year field experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of straw enrichment and deep incorporation on the humus composition and the structure of humic acid (HA) in black soil. The differences in the HA structure between different straw returning methods were detected by three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and 13C NMR technology. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical basis and data support for improving the straw returning system. Four different treatments, including no straw applied (CK), straw mulching (SCR), straw deep ploughing (MBR), and straw enrichment and deep incorporation (SEDI: harvested the corn straw from four rows together with a finger-plate rake and then crushed and buried them in one row in the 20∼40 cm deep level in the subsoil with a wind-driven input cylindrical plough), were used in this study. Our results showed that compared to CK treatment, SEDI significantly increased the contents of organic carbon (SOC), soil humic acid carbon (HAC), fulvic acid carbon (FAC), and humin C content (HM-C) in the subsurface soil layer by 27.47%, 34.33%, 19.66%, and 31.49%, respectively. Among all the straw returning treatments, SEDI treatment had the most significant effect in increasing the contents of HEC, HAC, and FAC. Straw returning not only reduced the degree of condensation and oxidation of the HA structure but also increased the proportion of alkyl C and enhanced the hydrophobicity of the HA structure in subsurface soil. Moreover, SEDI treatment significantly increased the proportion of aliphatic C/aromatic C of the HA structure in subsurface soil and improved the aliphatic property of HA, which had a significant effect on the HA structure compared to other treatments.
Shuang Zheng; Sen Dou; Hongmei Duan; Boyan Zhang; Yue Bai. Fluorescence Spectroscopy and 13C NMR Spectroscopy Characteristics of HA in Black Soil at Different Corn Straw Returning Modes. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2021, 2021, 1 -9.
AMA StyleShuang Zheng, Sen Dou, Hongmei Duan, Boyan Zhang, Yue Bai. Fluorescence Spectroscopy and 13C NMR Spectroscopy Characteristics of HA in Black Soil at Different Corn Straw Returning Modes. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2021; 2021 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuang Zheng; Sen Dou; Hongmei Duan; Boyan Zhang; Yue Bai. 2021. "Fluorescence Spectroscopy and 13C NMR Spectroscopy Characteristics of HA in Black Soil at Different Corn Straw Returning Modes." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2021, no. : 1-9.
Interaction between soil aggregates and humic substances directly determine soil carbon (C) sequestration and stabilization dynamics. This study investigated the influence of different tillage systems on soil humus composition and humic acid (HA) structural characteristics in water stable soil aggregates in the 0−20 and 20−40 cm soil depths. Tillage systems included no-tillage (NTS) and conventional tillage (CTS) both with corn straw returned, and conventional tillage without corn straw returned (CT). Fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopies were employed to comprehensively characterize soil HA structure in soil aggregate fractions. The results showed that large quantities of humus C was stored in the large macro-aggregates (> 2 mm) and silt/clay (< 0.053 mm) fractions across all tillage systems, highlighting the importance of these aggregate fractions in C sequestration and stabilization. Among all tillage systems, NTS was more conducive in improving humus C content within soil aggregates. The fluorescence and FTIR spectra demonstrated that < 0.053 mm aggregate fractions of all tillage systems were characterized by greater aromatic and phenolic C, and lower carboxyl C groups, indicating complex molecules in HA structures. The> 2 mm aggregates were dominated by aliphatic, methoxyl, hydrophobic and carboxyl C groups, and this result was more evident in NTS indicating improved soil C stability. Comparing all tillage systems, NTS enhanced aliphatic, methoxyl and hydrophobic C in > 2 mm aggregates, which indicate improved soil C stability. The 13C NMR results of bulk soil demonstrated that NTS enhanced alkyl, O-alkyl and methoxyl/N-alkyl C in the 0−20 cm. We therefore concluded that NTS is the better system to effectively improve soil C sequestration and stability.
Batande Sinovuyo Ndzelu; Sen Dou; Xiaowei Zhang; Yifeng Zhang; Rui Ma; Xin Liu. Tillage effects on humus composition and humic acid structural characteristics in soil aggregate-size fractions. Soil and Tillage Research 2021, 213, 105090 .
AMA StyleBatande Sinovuyo Ndzelu, Sen Dou, Xiaowei Zhang, Yifeng Zhang, Rui Ma, Xin Liu. Tillage effects on humus composition and humic acid structural characteristics in soil aggregate-size fractions. Soil and Tillage Research. 2021; 213 ():105090.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBatande Sinovuyo Ndzelu; Sen Dou; Xiaowei Zhang; Yifeng Zhang; Rui Ma; Xin Liu. 2021. "Tillage effects on humus composition and humic acid structural characteristics in soil aggregate-size fractions." Soil and Tillage Research 213, no. : 105090.
Biochar is considered to have potential use in carbon (C) sequestration and has been widely used in soil amendment. Humic substances (HSs), assigned as the stable organic C, have obvious agronomic benefits. However, the response mechanisms of these carbonaceous substances to biochar are unclear in biochar-amended soils. In a two-year experiment, the δ13C technique was employed to trace the fate of the biochar-derived C in HSs and evaluate the effects of four treatments, including no biochar control (CK) and biochar addition at dosages of 6 t ha−1 (BC6), 12 t ha−1 (BC12), and 24 t ha−1 soil (BC24), on soil organic carbon (SOC) and HSs. Compared to CK, biochar application significantly improved total SOC contents and the C pool index, whereas the C labile index declined. Humic acid (HA) and humin were distinctly enhanced in bulk soil. Moreover, the aliphaticity was intensified in the chemical composition of HA. In particular, native HA contents substantially increased by 16.30–55.95%. Biochar-applied C of 4.08–6.43% was finitely involved in HA formation over the two years, which resulted in a genetic relationship between soil HA and biochar to some extent. The low dosages of biochar at 6 t ha−1, 12 t ha−1 and 24 t ha−1 did not obviously affect native SOC contents. Moreover, BC24 had less of an effect on HA formation compared to BC6 and BC12, but had the highest SOC. These results demonstrate that biochar application can improve SOC stocks, reduce C instability and promote HSs formation, and they suggest that determining and keeping an optimum dosage of biochar application can represent an effective strategy (i.e., not only sequestrate C, but also improve soil quality), which is beneficial to sustainability in the ecological environment and agriculture.
Qiao Li; Songjian Liu; Shangzhi Gao; Xin Zhou; Riyue Liu; Song Guan; Sen Dou. Specified Dosages of Biochar Application Not Impact Native Organic Carbon but Promote a Positive Effect on Native Humic Acid in Humicryepts Soil. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6392 .
AMA StyleQiao Li, Songjian Liu, Shangzhi Gao, Xin Zhou, Riyue Liu, Song Guan, Sen Dou. Specified Dosages of Biochar Application Not Impact Native Organic Carbon but Promote a Positive Effect on Native Humic Acid in Humicryepts Soil. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6392.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiao Li; Songjian Liu; Shangzhi Gao; Xin Zhou; Riyue Liu; Song Guan; Sen Dou. 2021. "Specified Dosages of Biochar Application Not Impact Native Organic Carbon but Promote a Positive Effect on Native Humic Acid in Humicryepts Soil." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6392.
Nitrogen (N) is a necessary and the most limiting nutrient in crop production. Addition of organic amendments to the soil can improve the use of N fertilizer in crops. However, the response of N to corn straw and biochar application in soils with different fertility levels is yet not well studied. This study investigates N utilization and uptake by corn plant at seedling stage using 15N-label tracer method. Two soils with different fertility levels were selected: (i) high fertility soil (HF), and (ii) low fertility soil (LF). The HF and LF soils were amended with biochar (HFB and LFB) and corn straw (HFC and LFC) in an outdoor pot experiment. The results showed that N absorption in corn plant increased by 23.47 − 30.58% (HFB), and by 10.34 − 13.59% (HFC) compared with unamended HF soil, and increased by 26.09 − 41.53% under LFB and by 13.59 − 20.23% in LFC compared with unamended LF soil. The 15N utilization rate increased in the order of: HFB > HFC > HF and LFB > LFC > LF, illustrating that biochar and corn straw application increases the efficiency by which corn plant utilizes N. Biochar and corn straw application significantly reduce 15N losses in the soil and improve 15N utilization in corn, particular in low fertile soil.
Xin Liu; Sen Dou; Batande Sinovuyo Ndzelu; Hamza Bouerjilat; Xiaowei Zhang; Chenming Lin; Rui Ma; Shuai Xie. Response of 15N to corn straw and biochar application in soils with different fertility levels, during corn seedling stage. Journal of Plant Nutrition 2021, 1 -13.
AMA StyleXin Liu, Sen Dou, Batande Sinovuyo Ndzelu, Hamza Bouerjilat, Xiaowei Zhang, Chenming Lin, Rui Ma, Shuai Xie. Response of 15N to corn straw and biochar application in soils with different fertility levels, during corn seedling stage. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2021; ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Liu; Sen Dou; Batande Sinovuyo Ndzelu; Hamza Bouerjilat; Xiaowei Zhang; Chenming Lin; Rui Ma; Shuai Xie. 2021. "Response of 15N to corn straw and biochar application in soils with different fertility levels, during corn seedling stage." Journal of Plant Nutrition , no. : 1-13.
Different planting ages of forests will have a certain impact on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. This study investigated whether different growth years of hazelnut have an influence on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and humic acid (HA) structure. To do this, four treatments were implemented: no hazelnut planting (CK), hazelnut planting 2 years (A2), hazelnut planting 4 years (A4), hazelnut planting 5 years (A5), hazelnut planting 8 years (A8) were considered. With the extension of the hazelnut cultivation years, the SOC content of 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm gradually decreased, reaching 18.84 and 24.53 g kg−1 in the fifth year, but increased by 10.36 and 3.50 g kg−1 in the eighth year. The H/C ratio in the HA structure of 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil of A8 increased by 0.010 and 0.057. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) results revealed that at 2, 4, and 5 years after planting hazelnut, the structural condensation of HA increased and the degree of aliphatic group decreased. In 8 years after planting, the HA structure had the weakest degree of condensation and more aliphatic structure, while the HA structure was younger and unstable. In conclusion, this study is helpful for hazelnut cultivation and effective management of sustainable utilization of garden soil .
Boyan Zhang; Sen Dou; Xiaowei Zhang. Effects of Different Planting Years of Hazelnut on Soil Organic Carbon and Humic Acid Structural Characteristics. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 2021, 52, 1377 -1387.
AMA StyleBoyan Zhang, Sen Dou, Xiaowei Zhang. Effects of Different Planting Years of Hazelnut on Soil Organic Carbon and Humic Acid Structural Characteristics. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2021; 52 (12):1377-1387.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoyan Zhang; Sen Dou; Xiaowei Zhang. 2021. "Effects of Different Planting Years of Hazelnut on Soil Organic Carbon and Humic Acid Structural Characteristics." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 52, no. 12: 1377-1387.
In the view of studying humus formation in corn straw under the action of microorganism, three fungi (Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma harzianum, Phanerochaete chrysosporium) were selected to compare the humification effects and structural changes of humic acid-like (HAL). The structural characteristics of HAL formed by fungi from corn straw were assessed by elemental, thermogravimetric analyzer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopies. The results showed that Phanerochaete chrysosporium had a strong ability to increase aliphatic C (increasing to 60.02%) within 30 days, and utilised aromatic C in HAL during the humification process. The Trichoderma harzianum selectively preserved relatively large quantities of aromatic C in HAL and reduced aliphatic C to 56.49%. Trichoderma reesei enhanced aromaticity and I 2920/I 1620 ratio of HAL to 38.48% and 0.80, respectively, and intensified the humification effect (PQ=63.75%) within 30 days. Moreover, the elemental composition of HAL in Trichoderma reesei was closest to that of soil humic acid. We concluded that treating corn straw with Trichoderma reesei could reduce aliphatic C and enhance aromatisation, thermal stability, and accumulation of alkyl C, phenolic and aromatic C, which can promote the humification process of corn straw and contribute to the accumulation and storage of soil organic matter.
Yifeng Zhang; Sen Dou; Shufen Ye; Dandan Zhang; Batande Sinovuyo Ndzelu; Xiaowei Zhang; Manjiao Shao. Humus composition and humic acid-like structural characteristics of corn straw culture products treated by three fungi. Chemistry and Ecology 2020, 37, 164 -184.
AMA StyleYifeng Zhang, Sen Dou, Shufen Ye, Dandan Zhang, Batande Sinovuyo Ndzelu, Xiaowei Zhang, Manjiao Shao. Humus composition and humic acid-like structural characteristics of corn straw culture products treated by three fungi. Chemistry and Ecology. 2020; 37 (2):164-184.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYifeng Zhang; Sen Dou; Shufen Ye; Dandan Zhang; Batande Sinovuyo Ndzelu; Xiaowei Zhang; Manjiao Shao. 2020. "Humus composition and humic acid-like structural characteristics of corn straw culture products treated by three fungi." Chemistry and Ecology 37, no. 2: 164-184.
Corn straw return to the field is a vital agronomic practice for increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) and its labile fractions, as well as soil aggregates and organic carbon (OC) associated with water-stable aggregates (WSA). Moreover, the labile SOC fractions play an important role in OC turnover and sequestration. The aims of this study were to determine how different corn straw returning modes affect the contents of labile SOC fractions and OC associated with WSA. Corn straw was returned in the following depths: (1) on undisturbed soil surface (NTS), (2) in the 0–10 cm soil depth (MTS), (3) in the 0–20 cm soil depth (CTS), and (4) no corn straw applied (CK). After five years (2014–2018), soil was sampled in the 0–20 and 20–40 cm depths to measure the water-extractable organic C (WEOC), permanganate oxidizable C (KMnO4-C), light fraction organic C (LFOC), and WSA fractions. The results showed that compared with CK, corn straw amended soils (NTS, MTS and CTS) increased SOC content by 11.55%–16.58%, WEOC by 41.38%–51.42%, KMnO4-C and LFOC by 29.84%–34.09% and 56.68%–65.36% in the 0–40 cm soil depth. The LFOC and KMnO4-C were proved to be the most sensitive fractions to different corn straw returning modes. Compared with CK, soils amended with corn straw increased mean weight diameter by 24.24%–40.48% in the 0–20 cm soil depth. The NTS and MTS preserved more than 60.00% of OC in macro-aggregates compared with CK. No significant difference was found in corn yield across all corn straw returning modes throughout the study period, indicating that adoption of NTS and MTS would increase SOC content and improve soil structure, and would not decline crop production.
Batande Sinovuyo Ndzelu; Sen Dou; Xiaowei Zhang. Corn straw return can increase labile soil organic carbon fractions and improve water-stable aggregates in Haplic Cambisol. Journal of Arid Land 2020, 12, 1018 -1030.
AMA StyleBatande Sinovuyo Ndzelu, Sen Dou, Xiaowei Zhang. Corn straw return can increase labile soil organic carbon fractions and improve water-stable aggregates in Haplic Cambisol. Journal of Arid Land. 2020; 12 (6):1018-1030.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBatande Sinovuyo Ndzelu; Sen Dou; Xiaowei Zhang. 2020. "Corn straw return can increase labile soil organic carbon fractions and improve water-stable aggregates in Haplic Cambisol." Journal of Arid Land 12, no. 6: 1018-1030.
Biochar application to soil may impact soil nitrogen (N) dynamics, but the effects on N uptake and utilization by crop remain largely unknown, especially the effects of the rate of biochar application. To investigate the effects of biochar on soil 15N retention rate and 15N utilization efficiency (15NUE) by maize, a six‐month 15N isotope tracer technique combined with in situ pot experiment was conducted in Mollisol. The experiment included four treatments: no biochar applied (CK) and biochar applied at the rates of 12 t ha−1 (P12), 24 t ha−1 (P24) and 48 t ha−1 soil (P48). Compared with CK, biochar application reduced soil bulk density and 15N loss rate, and significantly improved total N and 15N retention amount in the 0–30 cm soil depth. The P24 treatment had the largest increase in 15N retention rate throughout the 0–40 cm depth. After biochar application, the 15N uptake and 15NUE were significantly increased in the grain and leaf, which promoted grain yields. Contrary to this, the P48 treatment appeared to lower 15N uptake and 15NUE compared with P12 and P24. In conclusion, biochar application improves the potential of the soil to retain N and the improvement in 15N uptake and utilization are more pronounced in maize leaves and grain. Moreover, biochar application promotes 15N utilization in maize plant and improves maize yield. However, when biochar application rate is high (i.e. P48 treatment), the 15N retention by the soil and 15N utilization by the maize are reduced markedly compared with P12 and P24.
Rui Ma; Song Guan; Sen Dou; Dong Wu; Shuai Xie; Batande Sinovuyo Ndzelu. Different rates of biochar application change 15 N retention in soil and 15 N utilization by maize. Soil Use and Management 2020, 36, 773 -782.
AMA StyleRui Ma, Song Guan, Sen Dou, Dong Wu, Shuai Xie, Batande Sinovuyo Ndzelu. Different rates of biochar application change 15 N retention in soil and 15 N utilization by maize. Soil Use and Management. 2020; 36 (4):773-782.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Ma; Song Guan; Sen Dou; Dong Wu; Shuai Xie; Batande Sinovuyo Ndzelu. 2020. "Different rates of biochar application change 15 N retention in soil and 15 N utilization by maize." Soil Use and Management 36, no. 4: 773-782.
Humic substances (HS), which are defined as a series of highly acidic, relatively high-molecular-weight, and yellow to black colored substances formed during the decay and transformation of plant and microbial remains, ubiquitously occur in nature. Humic substances represent the largest stable organic carbon pool in terrestrial environments and are the central characteristic of the soil. However, the validity of the HS concept and the justification of their extraction procedure have been recently debated. Here, we argue that the traditional humic paradigm is still relevant. Humic substances are distinctive and complex because the extracted HS formed during the humification are chemically distinct from their precursors and are heterogeneous among soils. By reviewing the concept, formation pathways, and stabilization of HS, we propose that the key question facing soil scientists is whether HS are soil microbial residues or unique synthesized compounds. Without revealing the distinctiveness of HS, it is impossible to address this question, as the structure, composition, and reactivity of HS are still poorly known owing to the heterogeneity and geographical variability of HS and the limits of the currently available analytical techniques. In our view, the distinctiveness of HS is fundamental to the soil, and thus further studies should be focused on revealing the distinctiveness of HS and explaining why HS hold this distinctiveness.
Sen Dou; Jun Shan; Xiangyun Song; Rui Cao; Meng Wu; Chenglin Li; Song Guan. Are humic substances soil microbial residues or unique synthesized compounds? A perspective on their distinctiveness. Pedosphere 2020, 30, 159 -167.
AMA StyleSen Dou, Jun Shan, Xiangyun Song, Rui Cao, Meng Wu, Chenglin Li, Song Guan. Are humic substances soil microbial residues or unique synthesized compounds? A perspective on their distinctiveness. Pedosphere. 2020; 30 (2):159-167.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSen Dou; Jun Shan; Xiangyun Song; Rui Cao; Meng Wu; Chenglin Li; Song Guan. 2020. "Are humic substances soil microbial residues or unique synthesized compounds? A perspective on their distinctiveness." Pedosphere 30, no. 2: 159-167.
Studying changes in soil humus composition and humic acid (HA) structural characteristics caused by agronomic practices provide insights into the pathways of soil organic carbon (C) stabilisation dynamics. This five-year field study evaluated the effects of straw returning modes on humus composition and HA structure. Treatments included (i) corn straw returned on the soil surface (NTS), (ii) corn straw incorporated into soil within 0–10 cm (MTS), (iii) corn straw incorporated into soil within 0–20 cm (CTS) and (iv) no corn straw applied (CT). Soil HA was characterised by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and fluorescence spectroscopies. The results demonstrated that corn straw returning improved humus C fractions in this order NTS > MTS > CTS > CT in 0–20 cm depth. The FTIR and fluorescence results demonstrated that corn straw returning enhanced aliphatic, hydroxyl, methoxyl and carboxyl groups and simplified HA molecular structure, indicating regenerated and newly formed HA. Among all treatments, NTS was more conducive in simplifying HA molecular structure and enhancing aliphatic and hydrophobic C. Hydrophobicity in aliphatic C is the driving force in the stabilisation of soil C, which is important for sustainable agriculture. Therefore, we conclude that NTS is the better practice to turn arable lands into a sink for C.
Batande Sinovuyo Ndzelu; Sen Dou; Xiaowei Zhang. Changes in soil humus composition and humic acid structural characteristics under different corn straw returning modes. Soil Research 2020, 58, 452 .
AMA StyleBatande Sinovuyo Ndzelu, Sen Dou, Xiaowei Zhang. Changes in soil humus composition and humic acid structural characteristics under different corn straw returning modes. Soil Research. 2020; 58 (5):452.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBatande Sinovuyo Ndzelu; Sen Dou; Xiaowei Zhang. 2020. "Changes in soil humus composition and humic acid structural characteristics under different corn straw returning modes." Soil Research 58, no. 5: 452.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of different straw returning modes on the structure of humic acid (HA) in soil by fluorescence spectroscopy and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Four different straw returning modes, including straw returning to topsoil (St), straw returning to subsoil (Ss), straw mixing with topsoil (Smt), and straw mixing with subsoil (Sms), were used in this study; the soil HA was analyzed after 12 months of corn straw returning by a combination of fluorescence spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy. Based on the results, it was established that IR spectroscopy can estimate the complication and oxidation degree of soil HA and also evaluate its aliphaticity and aromaticity. Monodimensional fluorescence spectroscopy could preliminarily determine the changes in the humification of HA through the fluorescence intensities. The intensity ratio of I456/I380 calculated from synchronous-scan fluorescence spectra could be used to evaluate the humification degree of soil HA. The total luminescence spectra of HAs provided more information on the fluorophores in the structure, including the amount and peak position of lignin-like structures and phenol-like or naphthol-like structures. Among the four straw returning modes, Ss is the most beneficial for reducing the oxidation degree and increasing the aromatization and humification degree of subsoil HA. It is believed that fluorescence spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy are relatively simple and sensitive methods for analyzing soil HA.
Jinfeng Gao; Sen Dou; Zhiguo Wang. Structural Analysis of Humic Acid in Soil at Different Corn Straw Returning Modes through Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Infrared Spectroscopy. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2019, 2019, 1 -9.
AMA StyleJinfeng Gao, Sen Dou, Zhiguo Wang. Structural Analysis of Humic Acid in Soil at Different Corn Straw Returning Modes through Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Infrared Spectroscopy. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2019; 2019 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinfeng Gao; Sen Dou; Zhiguo Wang. 2019. "Structural Analysis of Humic Acid in Soil at Different Corn Straw Returning Modes through Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Infrared Spectroscopy." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2019, no. : 1-9.
Straw returning to the field has become a common way to utilize crop residues. This method does not only solve the problem of rational utilization of straw but also improves soil organic carbon (SOC) quality and quantity. So far, various methods of straw return exist, but the comparison of these methods has not been sufficiently studied, especially in the black soil of Northeast China. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of different corn straw amendments applied under equal carbon (C) mass on soil humus composition and structural characteristics of humic acid (HA). The pot experiment was carried out by simulating corn straw return, which included four treatments: no corn straw applied (CK), corn straw (CS), humidified corn straw (HCS) and corn straw biochar (Bc). Soil HA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analyzer and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The results showed that CS, HSC, and Bc treatments increased SOC content by 7.51%, 31.03%, and 33.65%, respectively, compared to CK. Bc treatment showed a greater degree of humification (79.16%) and increased the C content of HA by 10.87% and 7.37% compared with CS and HCS, respectively. The FTIR spectra and elemental results revealed that CS and HCS treatments increased the aliphaticity of the HA structure, while Bc increased the aromaticity of C in HA structure, rendering HA structure complicated. It can, therefore, be inferred that the application of biochar will improve humus compositions, SOC content and enhances the stability of HA structure.
Xiaowei Zhang; Sen Dou; Batande Sinovuyo Ndzelu; Xu Wen Guan; Bo Yan Zhang; Yue Bai. Effects of different corn straw amendments on humus composition and structural characteristics of humic acid in black soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 2019, 51, 107 -117.
AMA StyleXiaowei Zhang, Sen Dou, Batande Sinovuyo Ndzelu, Xu Wen Guan, Bo Yan Zhang, Yue Bai. Effects of different corn straw amendments on humus composition and structural characteristics of humic acid in black soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2019; 51 (1):107-117.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaowei Zhang; Sen Dou; Batande Sinovuyo Ndzelu; Xu Wen Guan; Bo Yan Zhang; Yue Bai. 2019. "Effects of different corn straw amendments on humus composition and structural characteristics of humic acid in black soil." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 51, no. 1: 107-117.
The contribution of microbial residues formed on lignin and cellulose to the formation of humus (HS) was investigated. The microbial residues formed by Aspergillus niger (A. niger) in the cultures of cellulose and lignin in a fluid medium were structurally characterized by elemental analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), FTIR spectroscopy and CP/MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy. Compared to cellulose itself, the microbial residue from cellulose contains more aromatic compounds and N-containing compounds and fewer carbohydrates and carboxylic compounds. A. niger improved the thermal stability and aromaticity of the cellulose. However, compared with that on lignin, more N-containing compounds, carbohydrates and carboxylic acid derivatives and less aromatic material were found in the microbial residue from lignin. Regardless of whether the carbon source was cellulose or lignin, A. niger utilized the N in the fluid medium to synthesize its own cells, and eventually, they could transfer the N into the microbial residue; in addition, the O-alkyl species dominated over the alkyl and aromatic compounds in the microbial residue. Although the molecular structures of the components of the microbial residue from lignin tended to be simpler, they were more alkylated, more hydrophobic and less aliphatic than those from cellulose. During culture with A. niger, the cellulose underwent degradation and then a polymerization, which led to an increased degree of condensation but a lower degree of oxidation, providing essential precursor substances for HSs formation. However, lignin underwent oxidative degradation. The microbial residue from lignin had a lower degree of condensation and a higher degree of oxidation.
Shuai Wang; Nan Wang; Junping Xu; Xi Zhang; Sen Dou. Contribution of Microbial Residues Obtained from Lignin and Cellulose on Humus Formation. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4777 .
AMA StyleShuai Wang, Nan Wang, Junping Xu, Xi Zhang, Sen Dou. Contribution of Microbial Residues Obtained from Lignin and Cellulose on Humus Formation. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (17):4777.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuai Wang; Nan Wang; Junping Xu; Xi Zhang; Sen Dou. 2019. "Contribution of Microbial Residues Obtained from Lignin and Cellulose on Humus Formation." Sustainability 11, no. 17: 4777.
Nitrogen (N) deposition has a profound influence on forest soil carbon (C) and N pools, but there was no consensus on the responses of different C and N components in different forest types. In this study, a two-year simulated N deposition experiment with four levels of N (NH4NO3)-addition treatments (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N/hm2·a) were conducted in Larix gmelinii (LG) and Quercus mongolica (QM) plantation in Northeast China, in order to investigate the C and N pool dynamics under continuously enhanced N deposition. Soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total N (STN) and their active components (readily oxidizable C, ROC; dissolved organic C, DOC; microbial biomass C, MBC, dissolved organic N, DON; microbial biomass N, MBN) of the forest soil were measured monthly from May to October 2017. C and N contents in LG were observed higher than in QM. N addition had no effect on SOC and STN of LG, but significantly increased SOC and STN of QM at low N addition level. Low N addition generally raised active C components (ROC, DOC, and MBC) in both plantations, whereas high N addition did not significantly affect these components, or even decreased ROC in LG soil. Low N addition also increased STN and MBN of QM, while no significant change in STN and MBN of LG was observed. DON was directly affected by N addition and increased significantly with elevated N addition levels. The results indicated that N addition, especially of low rate, might enhance the C sequestration capacity of the forest soils and mitigate climate change. Keywords: nitrogen deposition, forest soil, active carbon, active nitrogen DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191206.5266 Citation: Li Y D, Wang B, Dou S, Shen H Y, Mei L Y, Zhang Y, et al. Divergent responses of soil carbon and nitrogen pools to short-term nitrogen addition between two plantations in Northeast China. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(6): 82–90.
Yedong Li; Bo Wang; Sen Dou; Haoyue Shen; Liyong Mei; Yang Zhang; Ximing Zeng; Yaya Zhang; Yameng Pei; Haoye Ren; Shimin Wu. Divergent responses of soil carbon and nitrogen pools to short-term nitrogen addition between two plantations in Northeast China. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019, 12, 82 -90.
AMA StyleYedong Li, Bo Wang, Sen Dou, Haoyue Shen, Liyong Mei, Yang Zhang, Ximing Zeng, Yaya Zhang, Yameng Pei, Haoye Ren, Shimin Wu. Divergent responses of soil carbon and nitrogen pools to short-term nitrogen addition between two plantations in Northeast China. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. 2019; 12 (6):82-90.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYedong Li; Bo Wang; Sen Dou; Haoyue Shen; Liyong Mei; Yang Zhang; Ximing Zeng; Yaya Zhang; Yameng Pei; Haoye Ren; Shimin Wu. 2019. "Divergent responses of soil carbon and nitrogen pools to short-term nitrogen addition between two plantations in Northeast China." International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 12, no. 6: 82-90.
Nitrogen (N) deposition has a profound influence on forest soil carbon (C) and N pools, but there was no consensus on the responses of different C and N components in different forest types. In this study, a two-year simulated N deposition experiment with four levels of N (NH4NO3)-addition treatments (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N/hm2·a) were conducted in Larix gmelinii (LG) and Quercus mongolica (QM) plantation in Northeast China, in order to investigate the C and N pool dynamics under continuously enhanced N deposition. Soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total N (STN) and their active components (readily oxidizable C, ROC; dissolved organic C, DOC; microbial biomass C, MBC, dissolved organic N, DON; microbial biomass N, MBN) of the forest soil were measured monthly from May to October 2017. C and N contents in LG were observed higher than in QM. N addition had no effect on SOC and STN of LG, but significantly increased SOC and STN of QM at low N addition level. Low N addition generally raised active C components (ROC, DOC, and MBC) in both plantations, whereas high N addition did not significantly affect these components, or even decreased ROC in LG soil. Low N addition also increased STN and MBN of QM, while no significant change in STN and MBN of LG was observed. DON was directly affected by N addition and increased significantly with elevated N addition levels. The results indicated that N addition, especially of low rate, might enhance the C sequestration capacity of the forest soils and mitigate climate change. Keywords: nitrogen deposition, forest soil, active carbon, active nitrogen DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191206.5266 Citation: Li Y D, Wang B, Dou S, Shen H Y, Mei L Y, Zhang Y, et al. Divergent responses of soil carbon and nitrogen pools to short-term nitrogen addition between two plantations in Northeast China. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(6): 82–90.
Yedong Li; Bo Wang; Sen Dou; Haoyue Shen; Liyong Mei; Yang Zhang; Ximing Zeng; Yaya Zhang; Yameng Pei; Haoye Ren; Shimin Wu. Divergent responses of soil carbon and nitrogen pools to short-term nitrogen addition between two plantations in Northeast China. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019, 12, 82 -90.
AMA StyleYedong Li, Bo Wang, Sen Dou, Haoyue Shen, Liyong Mei, Yang Zhang, Ximing Zeng, Yaya Zhang, Yameng Pei, Haoye Ren, Shimin Wu. Divergent responses of soil carbon and nitrogen pools to short-term nitrogen addition between two plantations in Northeast China. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. 2019; 12 (6):82-90.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYedong Li; Bo Wang; Sen Dou; Haoyue Shen; Liyong Mei; Yang Zhang; Ximing Zeng; Yaya Zhang; Yameng Pei; Haoye Ren; Shimin Wu. 2019. "Divergent responses of soil carbon and nitrogen pools to short-term nitrogen addition between two plantations in Northeast China." International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 12, no. 6: 82-90.
Direct characterization of spatial distribution and binding environments of soil mineral-organic associations (MOAs) are imperative for understanding the mechanism of C storage. Here, we propose a new strategy of synchrotron-radiation-based Fourier transform-infrared (SR-FTIR) technology and two-dimensional FTIR correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) analysis to simultaneously characterize the MOAs extracted from two types of soil, which one is classiðed as Ferralic Cambisol and another is Typic Hapludoll. This study successfully showed the spatial heterogeneity by SR-FTIR mapping, which illustrated that the different soil types had different spatial arrangements at the microscale scale. Moreover, the overlapped one-dimensional (1D) SR-FTIR spectra and various sequence orders in two types of soil were demonstrated by 2DCOS analysis. The results showed that the intra hydrogen bonds in clay-OH minerals and Si-O-metal bonds were more highly reactive in the Ferralic Cambisol soils than that in the Typic Hapludoll soils, which was critical for understanding the binding processes in soil micro-environments. Copyright © 2018. . Copyright © by the Soil Science Society of America, Inc.
Jian Xiao; Yongli Wen; Guanghui Yu; Sen Dou. Strategy for Microscale Characterization of Soil Mineral-Organic Associations by Synchrotron-Radiation-Based FTIR Technology. Soil Science Society of America Journal 2018, 82, 1583 -1591.
AMA StyleJian Xiao, Yongli Wen, Guanghui Yu, Sen Dou. Strategy for Microscale Characterization of Soil Mineral-Organic Associations by Synchrotron-Radiation-Based FTIR Technology. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 2018; 82 (6):1583-1591.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJian Xiao; Yongli Wen; Guanghui Yu; Sen Dou. 2018. "Strategy for Microscale Characterization of Soil Mineral-Organic Associations by Synchrotron-Radiation-Based FTIR Technology." Soil Science Society of America Journal 82, no. 6: 1583-1591.
The study investigates the impact of subsurface pipes at different depths on physicochemical properties of soda meadow alkaline soil. Field experiments were carried out in 5 treatments: CK (no treatment), CK1 (treatment with comprehensive supplementary measures: subsoiling to 0.6 m and applying...
Yan Wang; Sen Dou; Lili Wang; Jinsong Wu; Tao Wang; Changyu Wang; Zhendong Jiang; Zhengshan Ju; Jun Wang; Ming Luo. Salinity Variability of Soda Meadow Alkaline Soil in Different Depths of Subsurface Pipe. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2018, 27, 2801 -2809.
AMA StyleYan Wang, Sen Dou, Lili Wang, Jinsong Wu, Tao Wang, Changyu Wang, Zhendong Jiang, Zhengshan Ju, Jun Wang, Ming Luo. Salinity Variability of Soda Meadow Alkaline Soil in Different Depths of Subsurface Pipe. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2018; 27 (6):2801-2809.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan Wang; Sen Dou; Lili Wang; Jinsong Wu; Tao Wang; Changyu Wang; Zhendong Jiang; Zhengshan Ju; Jun Wang; Ming Luo. 2018. "Salinity Variability of Soda Meadow Alkaline Soil in Different Depths of Subsurface Pipe." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 27, no. 6: 2801-2809.