Urban green vegetation provides amenity value for urban residents and improves the living environment. These changes in value can be reflected in the variation of house prices. This paper uses a unique housing transaction data set to estimate the impact of urban green vegetation on house values in Beijing, China, using the hedonic price model. To measure urban green vegetation, we calculated the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) by time-series Landsat TM 8 remote-sensing imagery. For model specification, we applied spatial lag models to address spatial spillover effects that might lead to biased estimates if ignored. Spatial hedonic results indicate that urban green vegetation has a positive effect on residential housing prices when the measurement scale of NDVI value is smaller than or equal to 18.01 acres for each block of flats, whereas greater NDVI values generate a negative effect on property values if the scale is larger. This implies that urban green vegetation within 135 m could increase house prices in the range of 7.95–10.59%, which indicates a potential 20.2–26.9 billion yuan increase in the value of the sample real estate market in Beijing.

Global wind power expansion raises concerns about its potential impact on plant biomass production (PBP). Using a high-dimensional fixed effects model, this study reveals significant PBP reduction due to wind farm construction based on 2404 wind farms, 108,361 wind turbines, and 7,904,352 PBP observations during 2000–2022 in China. Within a 1–10 km buffer, the normalized differential vegetation and enhanced vegetation indices decrease from 0.0097 to 0.0045 and 0.0075 to 0.0028, respectively. Similarly, absorbed photosynthetically active radiation and gross primary productivity decline from 0.0094 to 0.0034% and 0.0003–0.0002 g*C/m² within a 1–7 km buffer. Adverse effects last over three years, magnified in summer and autumn, and are more pronounced at lower altitudes and in plains. Forest carbon sinks decrease by 12,034 tons within a 0–20 km radius, causing an average economic loss of $1.81 million per wind farm. Our findings underscore the balanced mitigation strategies for renewable energy transition when transiting from fossil fuels.