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Dr. Chang Xu
School of Economics and Management, Beijing Forestry University

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0 Environmental Economics
0 Forest
0 Sustainable Development
0 forestry economics

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Journal article
Published: 29 August 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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With the rapid growth of foreign direct investment (FDI), PM2.5 pollution in Chinese cities is increasing. Based on panel data for 271 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2016, this paper uses the dynamic spatial fixed-effects Durbin model to analyze the correlation between FDI and PM2.5 pollution and the effect of FDI on urban PM2.5 concentrations, as mediated by industrial structure transformation, which is clarified using Stata/SE 16.0. The results showed that PM2.5 pollution in China has significant spatial spillover effects, and the pollution haven hypothesis is applicable to Chinese cities. The industrial structure partially mediates the relationship between FDI and PM2.5. This paper proposes that local governments should promote the market-oriented reform of FDI to create a more convenient, legalized, and international environment for FDI and innovate the governance philosophy of only reducing the existing emissions. A top-level design and sound market supervision system of PM2.5 control are also needed.

ACS Style

Taowu Pei; Lei Gao; Chao Yang; Chang Xu; Yu Tian; Weiming Song. The Impact of FDI on Urban PM2.5 Pollution in China: The Mediating Effect of Industrial Structure Transformation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 9107 .

AMA Style

Taowu Pei, Lei Gao, Chao Yang, Chang Xu, Yu Tian, Weiming Song. The Impact of FDI on Urban PM2.5 Pollution in China: The Mediating Effect of Industrial Structure Transformation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (17):9107.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Taowu Pei; Lei Gao; Chao Yang; Chang Xu; Yu Tian; Weiming Song. 2021. "The Impact of FDI on Urban PM2.5 Pollution in China: The Mediating Effect of Industrial Structure Transformation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17: 9107.

Journal article
Published: 21 May 2021 in Sustainability
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Based on the panel data of 216 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2016, this study selected five emission-reduction indicators (industrial SO2 removal rate, soot removal rate, comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste, domestic sewage treatment rate, and harmless treatment of domestic waste rate) to quantify the intensity of urban environmental regulations. Based on the intensity of environmental regulations, the authors further studied the impact of environmental regulations on economic quality (green total factor productivity) and environmental quality (PM2.5). The test results showed that the impact of environmental regulation on PM2.5 is a U-type change that first declines and then rises, while the impact of the implementation of environmental regulation on green total factor productivity is an inverted U-shaped change, which first increases and then decreases. On the one hand, appropriate environmental regulations are conducive to improving environmental quality and improving urban green total factor productivity. On the other hand, excessive environmental regulations have not only failed to improve environmental quality, but also have a negative impact on the improvement of economic quality. In addition, there are regional differences in the impact of environmental regulations, so it is necessary to formulate appropriate and local environmental regulatory policies.

ACS Style

Xinfei Li; Baodong Cheng; Qiling Hong; Chang Xu. Can a Win–Win Situation of Economy and Environment Be Achieved in Cities by the Government’s Environmental Regulations? Sustainability 2021, 13, 5829 .

AMA Style

Xinfei Li, Baodong Cheng, Qiling Hong, Chang Xu. Can a Win–Win Situation of Economy and Environment Be Achieved in Cities by the Government’s Environmental Regulations? Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):5829.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xinfei Li; Baodong Cheng; Qiling Hong; Chang Xu. 2021. "Can a Win–Win Situation of Economy and Environment Be Achieved in Cities by the Government’s Environmental Regulations?" Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5829.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Improvement of green total factor productivity (GTFP) through environmental regulation is of great practical significance in promoting the high-quality development of urban economies. Based on panel data for 163 cities in China from 2003 to 2016, five indicators were selected to quantify the effects of environmental regulation: the SO2 removal rate, smoke and dust removal rate, solid waste utilization rate, domestic sewage treatment rate, and waste harmless treatment rate. This study evaluated the impact of environmental regulation on urban GTFP, and analyzed the threshold effect of urban economic development levels. The research results showed that the impact of environmental regulations on GTFP changed as the level of urban economic development increases. When the economic development level was low, environmental regulation had a significant positive effect on GTFP, especially the SO2 removal rate. When the economy developed to reach a medium level, the impact of environmental regulation on GTFP was negative. When the economic development level was high, the SO2 removal rate still had a significant positive impact on GTFP. The solid waste utilization rate had a significant negative impact on GTFP. It was concluded that the government should consider the local economic development level when formulating environmental regulation policies.

ACS Style

Xinfei Li; Chang Xu; Baodong Cheng; Jingyang Duan; Yueming Li. Does Environmental Regulation Improve the Green Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Cities? A Threshold Effect Analysis Based on the Economic Development Level. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4828 .

AMA Style

Xinfei Li, Chang Xu, Baodong Cheng, Jingyang Duan, Yueming Li. Does Environmental Regulation Improve the Green Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Cities? A Threshold Effect Analysis Based on the Economic Development Level. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4828.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xinfei Li; Chang Xu; Baodong Cheng; Jingyang Duan; Yueming Li. 2021. "Does Environmental Regulation Improve the Green Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Cities? A Threshold Effect Analysis Based on the Economic Development Level." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4828.

Journal article
Published: 09 December 2020 in Forest Policy and Economics
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Since initiating the new round of collective forest tenure reform in China, the development of the forestland transfer market has been of considerable interest to the academic and policy communities. Our theoretical analysis posited that formal institutions—tenure certificate and written contract—are positively associated with the rents, while informal institutions, as reflected in the social relationships, can reduce transfer rents. Based on a spatial econometric model and survey data from four cities in Zhejiang, our empirical results show that in addition to the formal institutions, the informal institutions have played a key role in facilitating the transfers and determining the rents. The rent between acquaintances is lower than those between strangers. Mutual trust between acquaintances has not only alleviated farmers' dependence on tenure certificates, but also served as a guarantee for fulfilling the contractual terms. Nonetheless, China's forestland transfer market is not well developed yet. More efforts are needed to strengthen the formal institutions and improve the policy setting in facilitating farmers' participation in forestland transfers. China's experience is relevant to many developing and emerging economics.

ACS Style

Chang Xu; Lingchao Li; Baodong Cheng. The impact of institutions on forestland transfer rents: The case of Zhejiang province in China. Forest Policy and Economics 2020, 123, 102354 .

AMA Style

Chang Xu, Lingchao Li, Baodong Cheng. The impact of institutions on forestland transfer rents: The case of Zhejiang province in China. Forest Policy and Economics. 2020; 123 ():102354.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chang Xu; Lingchao Li; Baodong Cheng. 2020. "The impact of institutions on forestland transfer rents: The case of Zhejiang province in China." Forest Policy and Economics 123, no. : 102354.

Journal article
Published: 20 October 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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This paper explores how the relationship between FDI and SO2 emissions has been affected by the energy transition. We applied a semi-parametric method to a STIRPAT model using Chinese provincial panel data from 2002 to 2016 to conduct an empirical analysis of FDI and SO2 emissions and analyze the effects of FDI on the energy transition. We found that FDI and SO2 emissions are characterized by an inverted U-shaped relationship; FDI and coal consumption have an inverted U-shaped relationship, and FDI and natural gas consumption have a U-shaped relationship. Moreover, the use of coal significantly increases SO2 emissions while the use of natural gas significantly reduces them. Our research shows that technological advances have increased coal consumption and that there has been no reduction of SO2 emissions in China. Overall, our analysis provides mixed support for the pollution haven and pollution halo hypotheses.

ACS Style

Chang Xu; Wenqi Zhao; Mengzhen Zhang; Baodong Cheng. Pollution haven or halo? The role of the energy transition in the impact of FDI on SO2 emissions. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 763, 143002 .

AMA Style

Chang Xu, Wenqi Zhao, Mengzhen Zhang, Baodong Cheng. Pollution haven or halo? The role of the energy transition in the impact of FDI on SO2 emissions. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 763 ():143002.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chang Xu; Wenqi Zhao; Mengzhen Zhang; Baodong Cheng. 2020. "Pollution haven or halo? The role of the energy transition in the impact of FDI on SO2 emissions." Science of The Total Environment 763, no. : 143002.

Journal article
Published: 21 September 2020 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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As one of the most common environmental problems, noise pollution in modern cities has been causing many short-term and long-term health problems. This study examines whether the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) exists on China’s noise pollution problem. Based on the two-way fixed effects model, we study the relationship between noise pollution and economic development based on the noise monitoring data from 111 cities in China from 1991 to 2017, and the robustness test was conducted using GMM and semi-parametric methods. We find that 1) Relationship between noise pollution and economic development in China is inverted N-shaped at the national scale. 2) Shapes of noise pollution EKC curves have substantial regional variations: the curve is inverted N-shaped in the eastern region, inverted U-shaped relationship in the central region, and linear in the western region. 3) Missing key variables in the parameter regression will change the turning point. 4) Development of the tertiary industry will increase noise pollution. Our research results show that economic development does not necessarily lead to environmental degradation. The government should play an important role in noise pollution control and pay more attention to the environmental demands of society.

ACS Style

Chang Xu; Zhang Yiwen; Baodong Cheng; Lingchao Li; Mengzhen Zhang. Study on environmental Kuznets Curve for noise pollution: A case of 111 Chinese cities. Sustainable Cities and Society 2020, 63, 102493 .

AMA Style

Chang Xu, Zhang Yiwen, Baodong Cheng, Lingchao Li, Mengzhen Zhang. Study on environmental Kuznets Curve for noise pollution: A case of 111 Chinese cities. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2020; 63 ():102493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chang Xu; Zhang Yiwen; Baodong Cheng; Lingchao Li; Mengzhen Zhang. 2020. "Study on environmental Kuznets Curve for noise pollution: A case of 111 Chinese cities." Sustainable Cities and Society 63, no. : 102493.

Journal article
Published: 21 April 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration is the most polluted area of smog in China. The latest studies have been focusing on the influencing factors on the BTH’s PM2.5 concentration in terms of industrial, social, and climatic conditions. However, the role of the urban forest system has not been thoroughly studied in air pollution control. This study focuses on the impact of forest city construction on BTH’s PM2.5 concentration. According to the theoretical framework of the STIRPAT model, we used the spatial Durbin model of bidirectional fixed effect to empirically test the correlation between the BTH’s PM2.5 concentration and the characteristic variables of forest cities. The research results show that improving urban green space, park green space, and investment of urban sanitation and environment facilities can reduce the PM2.5 concentration in the local and adjacent areas. This study proposes that the construction of forest cities should be further strengthened to alleviate urban air pollution in the BTH’s coordinated development and thus improve regional air quality.

ACS Style

Chang Xu; Liang Dong; Chang Yu; Yingjie Zhang; Baodong Cheng. Can forest city construction affect urban air quality? The evidence from the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration of China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 264, 121607 .

AMA Style

Chang Xu, Liang Dong, Chang Yu, Yingjie Zhang, Baodong Cheng. Can forest city construction affect urban air quality? The evidence from the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration of China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 264 ():121607.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chang Xu; Liang Dong; Chang Yu; Yingjie Zhang; Baodong Cheng. 2020. "Can forest city construction affect urban air quality? The evidence from the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration of China." Journal of Cleaner Production 264, no. : 121607.

Journal article
Published: 22 November 2019 in Sustainability
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Based on the pilot ecosystem analysis of Qianjiangyuan National Park, the ecosystem services function value index system was determined; multiple methods such as market value method and shadow engineering method were used to evaluate the four major categories in the years 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2018 of the ecological services of Qianjiangyuan national park which are provision, regulation, culture, and support. Results show that the total value of the pilot ecosystem services in Qianjiangyuan national park had increased to 7430.11 × 106 yuan, 9128.41 × 106 yuan, 12,718.38 × 106 yuan, and 15,539.99 × 106 yuan for each category respectively. The regulation category has always been the core ecosystem services function in the national park, accounting for more than 40% of the value of the total services. The increase in the value of ecosystem services in the park was due to the implementation of ecological measures such as logging bans and people paying more attention to environmental protection.

ACS Style

Xiaodi Zhao; YouJun He; Chao Yu; Danyun Xu; Wentao Zou. Assessment of Ecosystem Services Value in a National Park Pilot. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6609 .

AMA Style

Xiaodi Zhao, YouJun He, Chao Yu, Danyun Xu, Wentao Zou. Assessment of Ecosystem Services Value in a National Park Pilot. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (23):6609.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaodi Zhao; YouJun He; Chao Yu; Danyun Xu; Wentao Zou. 2019. "Assessment of Ecosystem Services Value in a National Park Pilot." Sustainability 11, no. 23: 6609.

Journal article
Published: 06 September 2019 in Sustainability
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With the increase in labor costs in China and the tremendous changes in the international trade environment, upgrading the total factor productivity of Chinese furniture export enterprises faces a great challenge. Lots of studies have explored the interaction of exports or misallocation on the total factor productivity (TFP) of furniture enterprises, however, there is little knowledge on the impact and interaction of both exports and misallocation on the TFP. Based on panel data of Chinese furniture enterprises, this paper measures the TFP and the distortion of labor and capital resources in Chinese furniture enterprises. A two-way fixed-effects model is used to analyze the impact of exports and misallocation on the TFP of Chinese furniture enterprises. The paper reveals several important findings. First, the TFP of Chinese furniture export enterprises is lower than that of non-export enterprises, this phenomenon is called the “export–productivity paradox”. Chinese furniture export enterprises are processing trade-oriented and labor-intensive enterprises at the low end of the value chain, exports have a negative effect on improving the TFP of furniture enterprises in the short term. Second, the distortion of labor and capital resources in Chinese furniture enterprises promotes improvements to the TFP of furniture enterprises rather than reducing the TFP of furniture enterprises. Last but not the least, we find that misallocation has a positive moderating effect on exports and can weaken the negative impact of exports on TFP by the “forced mechanism”, which is that the higher the distortion of the misallocation, the higher the cost of acquiring capital and labor, and enterprises are forced to enhance their productivity when facing market competition, thus promoting improvements to the TFP of furniture enterprises.

ACS Style

Chang Xu; Jianbing Guo; Baodong Cheng; Yu Liu. Exports, Misallocation, and Total Factor Productivity of Furniture Enterprises. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4892 .

AMA Style

Chang Xu, Jianbing Guo, Baodong Cheng, Yu Liu. Exports, Misallocation, and Total Factor Productivity of Furniture Enterprises. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (18):4892.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chang Xu; Jianbing Guo; Baodong Cheng; Yu Liu. 2019. "Exports, Misallocation, and Total Factor Productivity of Furniture Enterprises." Sustainability 11, no. 18: 4892.