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We examined the effects of different sucrose concentrations (3%, 5%, and 7%) on anthocyanin accumulation and plant growth in wild type (WT) and transgenic (T2) torenia cultivar “Kauai Rose” overexpressing the anthocyanin regulatory transcription factors B-Peru + mPAP1 or RsMYB1. Sucrose increased anthocyanin production in both WT and transgenic plants, with higher anthocyanin production in transgenic plants compared to WT plants. Higher sucrose concentrations increased production of anthocyanin in transgenic and WT plants, with increased anthocyanin production associated with increased expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Higher sucrose concentrations reduced growth of WT and transgenic plants. Our results indicate that sucrose enhances anthocyanin production in torenia by regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis genes.
Aung Naing; Junping Xu; Kyeung Park; Mi Chung; Chang Kim. Sucrose Enhances Anthocyanin Accumulation in Torenia by Promoting Expression of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Genes. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 219 .
AMA StyleAung Naing, Junping Xu, Kyeung Park, Mi Chung, Chang Kim. Sucrose Enhances Anthocyanin Accumulation in Torenia by Promoting Expression of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Genes. Horticulturae. 2021; 7 (8):219.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAung Naing; Junping Xu; Kyeung Park; Mi Chung; Chang Kim. 2021. "Sucrose Enhances Anthocyanin Accumulation in Torenia by Promoting Expression of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Genes." Horticulturae 7, no. 8: 219.
Hui Yeong Jeong; Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. Establishment of protocol for genetic transformation of carnation with 1-aminocyclopropane-carboxylate deaminase (acdS) gene. Journal of Plant Biotechnology 2021, 48, 93 -99.
AMA StyleHui Yeong Jeong, Aung Htay Naing, Chang Kil Kim. Establishment of protocol for genetic transformation of carnation with 1-aminocyclopropane-carboxylate deaminase (acdS) gene. Journal of Plant Biotechnology. 2021; 48 (2):93-99.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHui Yeong Jeong; Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. 2021. "Establishment of protocol for genetic transformation of carnation with 1-aminocyclopropane-carboxylate deaminase (acdS) gene." Journal of Plant Biotechnology 48, no. 2: 93-99.
Flower senescence in three carnation cultivars (‘Koba Kabana,’ ‘Purple Sky,’ and ‘Lufa’) was associated with increased ethylene production in floral tissues (petals and gynoecia). Treatment with silver nanoparticles (NAg) significantly reduced ethylene production in petals and gynoecia and significantly delayed petal senescence compared with that in control (untreated) flowers, as indicated by higher relative fresh weight. Gene expression analyses performed on petals and gynoecia from initial flower opening through senescence indicated that the expression levels of ethylene biosynthesis genes (ACS1 and ACO1) and a petal senescence-related gene (CP1) were significantly higher in control flowers than in NAg-treated flowers. In contrast, the expression level of the petal senescence inhibitor gene CPi was more upregulated in NAg-treated flowers than in control flowers. The expression levels of EIL1/2, ERS2, and EBF1 were significantly higher in control flowers, in which ethylene was highly produced, than in NAg-treated flowers, whereas the expression levels of CTR1 and ETR1 were lower. This indicates that EIL1/2, ERS2, and EBF1 positively regulate and CTR1 and ETR1 negatively regulate the ethylene signal transduction pathway in carnations. In addition, NAg can inhibit the expression of these positive regulator genes in carnations. Therefore, this study suggests that NAg is helpful in significantly repressing ethylene production and delaying petal senescence in carnations via the suppression of ethylene biosynthesis genes, a petal senescence-related gene, and genes positively regulating ethylene signaling in petals and gynoecia.
Aung Htay Naing; May Thu Soe; Swum Yi Kyu; Chang Kil Kim. Nano-silver controls transcriptional regulation of ethylene- and senescence-associated genes during senescence in cut carnations. Scientia Horticulturae 2021, 287, 110280 .
AMA StyleAung Htay Naing, May Thu Soe, Swum Yi Kyu, Chang Kil Kim. Nano-silver controls transcriptional regulation of ethylene- and senescence-associated genes during senescence in cut carnations. Scientia Horticulturae. 2021; 287 ():110280.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAung Htay Naing; May Thu Soe; Swum Yi Kyu; Chang Kil Kim. 2021. "Nano-silver controls transcriptional regulation of ethylene- and senescence-associated genes during senescence in cut carnations." Scientia Horticulturae 287, no. : 110280.
In this study, whether the addition of antifreeze protein (AFP) to a cryopreservative solution (plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2)) is more effective in reducing freezing injuries in Hosta capitata than PVS2 alone at different cold exposure times (6, 24, and 48 h) is investigated. The upregulation of C-repeat binding factor 1 (CBF1) and dehydrin 1 (DHN1) in response to low temperature was observed in shoots. Shoots treated with distilled water (dH2O) strongly triggered gene expression 6 h after cold exposure, which was higher than those expressed in PVS2 and PVS2+AFP. However, 24 h after cold exposure, gene expressions detected in dH2O and PVS2 treatments were similar and higher than PVS2 + AFP. The expression was highest in PVS2+AFP when the exposure time was extended to 48 h. Similarly, nitric reductase activities 1 and 2 (Nia1 and Nia2) genes, which are responsible for nitric oxide production, were also upregulated in low-temperature-treated shoots, as observed for CBF1 and DHN1 expression patterns during cold exposure periods. Based on the gene expression patterns, shoots treated with PVS2+AFP were more likely to resist cold stress, which was also associated with the higher cryopreservation efficiency of PVS2+AFP compared to PVS2 alone. This finding suggests that the improvement of cryopreservation efficiency by AFP could be due to the transcriptional regulation of CBF1, DHN1, Nia1, and Nia2, which might reduce freezing injuries during cryopreservation. Thus, AFP could be potentially used as a cryoprotectant in the cryopreservation of rare and commercially important plant germplasm.
Phyo Pe; Aung Naing; Chang Kim; Kyeung Park. Antifreeze Protein Improves the Cryopreservation Efficiency of Hosta capitata by Regulating the Genes Involved in the Low-Temperature Tolerance Mechanism. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 82 .
AMA StylePhyo Pe, Aung Naing, Chang Kim, Kyeung Park. Antifreeze Protein Improves the Cryopreservation Efficiency of Hosta capitata by Regulating the Genes Involved in the Low-Temperature Tolerance Mechanism. Horticulturae. 2021; 7 (4):82.
Chicago/Turabian StylePhyo Pe; Aung Naing; Chang Kim; Kyeung Park. 2021. "Antifreeze Protein Improves the Cryopreservation Efficiency of Hosta capitata by Regulating the Genes Involved in the Low-Temperature Tolerance Mechanism." Horticulturae 7, no. 4: 82.
BackgroundCONSTANS-like (CO-like, COL) is a putative zinc-finger transcription factor family that plays a key role in the control of flowering time in photoperiod-sensitive plants. Besides, the COL family protein is also involved in plant development, responses to stresses. However, information on plant development and stress response related function has not been previously performed in any solanaceous crop. In this study, a genome-wide analysis of COL gene family was conducted in Petunia hybrida cv. Mirage Rose to elucidate their roles in organ development and stress response.ResultsA total of 15 COL genes were identified in petunia. Based on their amino acid sequence identity and domain composition they were phylogenetically classified into three groups those are conserved among the flowering plants. Similar gene structure and motif distribution were observed in the same group. Subcellular localization assays demonstrated that all PaCOL proteins were localized in nucleus. Furthermore, differential expression patterns of PaCOL genes were observed in various tissues. The expression patterns of PaCOL genes were observed under various abiotic and phytohormone treatment to explore their relatedness in different stresses. Moreover, several stress and light-responsive cis-elements were detected for different PaCOL genes.ConclusionThe COL genes of petunia genome, those were clustered into three distinct groups, are conserved among flowering plants, were expressed in different tissues and induced under multiple abiotic stress treatments indicating their involvement in plant growth and development and stress response mechanism. This work laid the significant foundation for functional characterization of PaCOL gene family to uncover their biological roles in plant growth, development and in stress response.
Khadiza Khatun; Sourav Debnath; Arif Hasan Khan Robin; Antt Htet Wai; Ujjal Kumar Nath; Do-Jin Lee; Chang-Kil Kim; Chung Mi‑Young. Genome-wide identification, genomic organization, and expression profiling of the CONSTANS-like (COL) gene family in petunia under multiple stresses. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleKhadiza Khatun, Sourav Debnath, Arif Hasan Khan Robin, Antt Htet Wai, Ujjal Kumar Nath, Do-Jin Lee, Chang-Kil Kim, Chung Mi‑Young. Genome-wide identification, genomic organization, and expression profiling of the CONSTANS-like (COL) gene family in petunia under multiple stresses. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhadiza Khatun; Sourav Debnath; Arif Hasan Khan Robin; Antt Htet Wai; Ujjal Kumar Nath; Do-Jin Lee; Chang-Kil Kim; Chung Mi‑Young. 2021. "Genome-wide identification, genomic organization, and expression profiling of the CONSTANS-like (COL) gene family in petunia under multiple stresses." , no. : 1.
The international floriculture industry is expected to become bigger in the near future, owing to the continuous increase in the demand for ornamental plants. To facilitate the demand, many efforts are being paid to produce new cultivars with superior floral traits, such as novel color patterns and shapes and improved flower longevity. Protoplasts have been used to produce new cultivars, especially commercially important ornamental plants with incompatibility barriers in sexual hybridization, using protoplast fusion and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9-mediated genome editing. However, the success of the protoplast isolation to shoot regeneration process remains a bottleneck for most ornamental plants. In this review, we highlighted the role of the factors that affect the protoplast isolation to shoot regeneration process of ornamental plants. The practical application of protoplasts in developing new genetically improved cultivars from some ornamental plants via somatic hybridization and genome editing was also described. Information in this review will contribute to the success of plant regeneration from protoplasts for ornamental plants and provide insights on new cultivar production, mainly from commercially important ornamental plants that cannot produce a new cultivar via sexual breeding.
Aung Htay Naing; Oluwaseun Suleimon Adedeji; Chang Kil Kim. Protoplast technology in ornamental plants: Current progress and potential applications on genetic improvement. Scientia Horticulturae 2021, 283, 110043 .
AMA StyleAung Htay Naing, Oluwaseun Suleimon Adedeji, Chang Kil Kim. Protoplast technology in ornamental plants: Current progress and potential applications on genetic improvement. Scientia Horticulturae. 2021; 283 ():110043.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAung Htay Naing; Oluwaseun Suleimon Adedeji; Chang Kil Kim. 2021. "Protoplast technology in ornamental plants: Current progress and potential applications on genetic improvement." Scientia Horticulturae 283, no. : 110043.
Abiotic stress, such as heat, drought, salinity, low temperature, and heavy metals, inhibit plant growth and reduce crop productivity. Abiotic stresses are becoming increasingly extreme worldwide due to the ongoing deterioration of the global climate and the increase in agrochemical utilization and industrialization. Plants grown in fields are affected by one or more abiotic stresses. The consequent stress response of plants induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are then used as signaling molecules to activate stress‐tolerance mechanism. However, under extreme stress conditions, ROS are overproduced and cause oxidative damage to plants. In such conditions, plants produce anthocyanins after ROS signaling via the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. These anthocyanins are then utilized in antioxidant activities by scavenging excess ROS for their sustainability. In this review, we discuss the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying abiotic stress‐induced anthocyanins in plants and their role in abiotic stress tolerance. In addition, we highlight the current progress in the development of anthocyanin‐enriched transgenic plants and their ability to increase abiotic stress tolerance. Overall, this review provides valuable information that increases our understanding of the mechanisms by which anthocyanins respond to abiotic stress and protect plants against it. This review also provides practical guidance for plant biologists who are engineering stress‐tolerant crops using anthocyanin biosynthesis or regulatory genes.
Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. Abiotic stress‐induced anthocyanins in plants: Their role in tolerance to abiotic stresses. Physiologia Plantarum 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAung Htay Naing, Chang Kil Kim. Abiotic stress‐induced anthocyanins in plants: Their role in tolerance to abiotic stresses. Physiologia Plantarum. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. 2021. "Abiotic stress‐induced anthocyanins in plants: Their role in tolerance to abiotic stresses." Physiologia Plantarum , no. : 1.
The transcriptional activation of genes that encode the ethylene biosynthesis enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (PhACO3 and PhACO4) during petunia flower senescence has been reported. However, no studies have elaborately investigated their specific roles in ethylene production and flower longevity using genetic manipulation. Hence, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit the genes (PhACO3 and/or PhACO4) involved in ethylene production and flower longevity in petunia cv. Mirage Rose. The use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system with a sgRNA, which was designed from exon 2 of PhACO3, allows for the specific editing of the genes PhACO3 and/or PhACO4 with high mutation frequency, consequently producing different types of zygotes. The PhACO3 and PhACO4-edited lines 8 and 9 showed remarkably reduced ethylene production (approximately 2.8- to 3.0-fold in corollas and 1.5-fold in pistils) during flowering and extended flower longevity (approximately 9.5 d), while the PhACO3-edited bi-allelic and PhACO4-edited homozygous T0 mutant lines (14 and 23) showed enhanced flower longevity (approximately 8.0 d) compared with 6.0 d for the WT line. This was associated with reduction of PhACO4 protein levels in PhACO4-edited lines, which was confirmed using Western blot analysis and Image J software. Moreover, there was no undesirable editing effect on the PhACO1 gene. The transmission of the edited alleles to the T1 generation was also observed, and ethylene production and flower longevity were identical to those of the T0 mutant lines. Taken together, this study demonstrated not only the single and combined role of PhACO3 and PhACO4 in ethylene production in petunia flowers but also reports improvements in flower longevity by editing of the aforementioned genes using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Therefore, our study can pave the way for the editing of homologous genes in other ornamental plants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system with a common sgRNA, thus allowing for a time- and cost-effective approach to advancing plant biology and the floricultural industry.
Junping Xu; Aung Htay Naing; Heeyoun Bunch; Jaehyeon Jeong; Hyeran Kim; Chang Kil Kim. Enhancement of the flower longevity of petunia by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted editing of ethylene biosynthesis genes. Postharvest Biology and Technology 2021, 174, 111460 .
AMA StyleJunping Xu, Aung Htay Naing, Heeyoun Bunch, Jaehyeon Jeong, Hyeran Kim, Chang Kil Kim. Enhancement of the flower longevity of petunia by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted editing of ethylene biosynthesis genes. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 2021; 174 ():111460.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunping Xu; Aung Htay Naing; Heeyoun Bunch; Jaehyeon Jeong; Hyeran Kim; Chang Kil Kim. 2021. "Enhancement of the flower longevity of petunia by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted editing of ethylene biosynthesis genes." Postharvest Biology and Technology 174, no. : 111460.
Protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) and PDI-like proteins catalyze the formation and isomerization of protein disulfide bonds in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevent the buildup of misfolded proteins under abiotic stress conditions. In the present study, we conducted the first comprehensive genome-wide exploration of the PDI gene family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). We identified 19 tomato PDI genes that were unevenly distributed on 8 of the 12 tomato chromosomes, with segmental duplications detected for 3 paralogous gene pairs. Expression profiling of the PDI genes revealed that most of them were differentially expressed across different organs and developmental stages of the fruit. Furthermore, most of the PDI genes were highly induced by heat, salt, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, while relatively few of the genes were induced by cold and nutrient and water deficit (NWD) stresses. The predominant expression of SlPDI1-1, SlPDI1-3, SlPDI1-4, SlPDI2-1, SlPDI4-1, and SlPDI5-1 in response to abiotic stress and ABA treatment suggested they play regulatory roles in abiotic stress tolerance in tomato in an ABA-dependent manner. Our results provide new insight into the structure and function of PDI genes and will be helpful for the selection of candidate genes involved in fruit development and abiotic stress tolerance in tomato.
Antt Htet Wai; Muhammad Waseem; A B M Mahbub Morshed Khan; Ujjal Kumar Nath; Do-Jin Lee; Sang-Tae Kim; Chang-Kil Kim; Mi-Young Chung. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the PDI Gene Family Reveals Their Probable Involvement in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.). Genes 2020, 12, 23 .
AMA StyleAntt Htet Wai, Muhammad Waseem, A B M Mahbub Morshed Khan, Ujjal Kumar Nath, Do-Jin Lee, Sang-Tae Kim, Chang-Kil Kim, Mi-Young Chung. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the PDI Gene Family Reveals Their Probable Involvement in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.). Genes. 2020; 12 (1):23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntt Htet Wai; Muhammad Waseem; A B M Mahbub Morshed Khan; Ujjal Kumar Nath; Do-Jin Lee; Sang-Tae Kim; Chang-Kil Kim; Mi-Young Chung. 2020. "Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the PDI Gene Family Reveals Their Probable Involvement in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)." Genes 12, no. 1: 23.
Phyo Phyo Win Pe; Swum Yi Kyua; Aung Htay Naing; Kyeung Il Park; Mi-Young Chung; Chang Kil Kim. Antifreeze proteins promote the germination of low temperature-treated petunia seeds via regulation of antioxidant- and proline-related genes. Journal of Plant Biotechnology 2020, 47, 203 -208.
AMA StylePhyo Phyo Win Pe, Swum Yi Kyua, Aung Htay Naing, Kyeung Il Park, Mi-Young Chung, Chang Kil Kim. Antifreeze proteins promote the germination of low temperature-treated petunia seeds via regulation of antioxidant- and proline-related genes. Journal of Plant Biotechnology. 2020; 47 (3):203-208.
Chicago/Turabian StylePhyo Phyo Win Pe; Swum Yi Kyua; Aung Htay Naing; Kyeung Il Park; Mi-Young Chung; Chang Kil Kim. 2020. "Antifreeze proteins promote the germination of low temperature-treated petunia seeds via regulation of antioxidant- and proline-related genes." Journal of Plant Biotechnology 47, no. 3: 203-208.
The generation of transgenic floricultural crops for flower color modification requires a transgene that enhances anthocyanin accumulation and a flower-specific promoter with stable expression throughout flowering stage. Here, the anthocyanin regulatory R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) RsMYB1 was placed under the control of the stable flower-specific promoter (InMYB1) to enhance anthocyanin accumulation in Petunia hybrida cv. Mirage Rose. RsMYB1 overexpression with the flower-specific promoter enhanced anthocyanin accumulation only in floral tissues via the upregulation of key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. The target gene introgression to another Petunia hybrida cv. White Hawaiian lacking anthocyanins also changed the flower color from white to intense pink in the F1 hybrids by upregulating the biosynthetic genes. Target gene inheritance in the F2 hybrids also produced diverse flower colors, redder than those of non-inheritance F2 hybrids. RsMYB1 overexpression using the flower-specific promoter (InMYB1) enhanced anthocyanin levels in the petals of transgenic Petunia and its related hybrids. Thus, this system can be used as a promising tool for intensifying the flower color of other commercially important floricultural crops. In addition, the obtained F2MW11 and F2MW12 lines are potential commercial cultivars for the floriculture and landscape industries due to its attractive flower color pattern.
Aung Htay Naing; Hyun Hee Kang; Hui Yeong Jeong; May Thu Soe; Junping Xu; Chang Kil Kim. Overexpression of the Raphanus sativus RsMYB1 using the flower-specific promoter (InMYB1) enhances anthocyanin accumulation in flowers of transgenic Petunia and their hybrids. Molecular Breeding 2020, 40, 1 -10.
AMA StyleAung Htay Naing, Hyun Hee Kang, Hui Yeong Jeong, May Thu Soe, Junping Xu, Chang Kil Kim. Overexpression of the Raphanus sativus RsMYB1 using the flower-specific promoter (InMYB1) enhances anthocyanin accumulation in flowers of transgenic Petunia and their hybrids. Molecular Breeding. 2020; 40 (10):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAung Htay Naing; Hyun Hee Kang; Hui Yeong Jeong; May Thu Soe; Junping Xu; Chang Kil Kim. 2020. "Overexpression of the Raphanus sativus RsMYB1 using the flower-specific promoter (InMYB1) enhances anthocyanin accumulation in flowers of transgenic Petunia and their hybrids." Molecular Breeding 40, no. 10: 1-10.
Despite the increasing use of protoplasts in plant biotechnology research, shoot regeneration from protoplasts remains challenging. In this study, we investigated the factors involved in protoplast isolation, callus induction, and shoot regeneration in Petunia hybrida cv. Mirage Rose. The following conditions were found to be most optimal for protoplast yield and viability: 0.6 M mannitol, 2.0% cellulase, and 6 h digestion time. A plating density of 10 × 104 protoplasts/mL under osmoticum condition (0.58 M mannitol) showed high microcolony viability in liquid culture. The Kao and Michayluk medium was found to be appropriate for callus proliferation from microcalli under a 16-h light photoperiod. Calli cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium containing 1.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.2 mg/L 3-indole butyric acid showed the highest shoot regeneration frequency and number of shoots obtained per explant. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA analysis showed that the protoplast-derived shoots exhibited the same banding patterns as those of donor plants. Collectively, these findings can contribute to solving problems encountered in protoplast isolation and shoot regeneration in other petunia cultivars and related species. As the protocol developed by us is highly reproducible, it can be applied in biotechnology research on P. hybrida cv. Mirage Rose.
Hyun Hee Kang; Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. Protoplast Isolation and Shoot Regeneration from Protoplast-Derived Callus of Petunia hybrida Cv. Mirage Rose. Biology 2020, 9, 228 .
AMA StyleHyun Hee Kang, Aung Htay Naing, Chang Kil Kim. Protoplast Isolation and Shoot Regeneration from Protoplast-Derived Callus of Petunia hybrida Cv. Mirage Rose. Biology. 2020; 9 (8):228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyun Hee Kang; Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. 2020. "Protoplast Isolation and Shoot Regeneration from Protoplast-Derived Callus of Petunia hybrida Cv. Mirage Rose." Biology 9, no. 8: 228.
This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of shoot regeneration from different leaf types (normal leaves and vitrified leaves) from three different carnation cultivars ‘Kumbuyl’, ‘Denev’, and ‘Jinju’ using different combinations of 3-indole butyric acid (IBA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) concentrations. The shoot tips cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media (Type 1 media) produced normal leaves, while those cultured-on media supplemented with plant growth regulators and/or vitamin (Type 2 media and Type 3 media) produced vitrified leaves for all cultivars. Culture of normal leaf segments on MS medium containing different combinations of IBA and TDZ concentrations induced callus in all treatments; however, the callus was unable to induce shoots and finally became necrotic. In contrast, no callus induction was observed in the control (hormone-free treatment). When vitrified leaf segments underwent the same treatments, shoots were induced from the vitrified leaves (derived from Type 2 media) but were unhealthy and gradually died, whereas those induced from Type 3 media were vitrified and healthy. The optimal combination for the best shoot regeneration and number of shoots per explants varied depending on the genotypes used. The vitrified shoots induced from the leaves of Type 3 media transformed into normal shoots and survived well under greenhouse conditions. According to the results of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, the banding patterns of twelve primers that were detected in vitrified leaf-induced normalized shoots were identical to those of normal in vitro grown plants, indicating that no genetic variation had occurred during the procedure. Taken together, this study indicates that vitrified leaves can be used for shoot regeneration of recalcitrant carnation cultivars, regardless of the genotypes and types of vitrified leaves. However, as the number of shoots per explants was still low, further investigation is warranted to obtain a more efficient shoot regeneration protocol for genetic transformation of the cultivars.
Ho Thi Minh Thu; Aung Htay Naing; Hui Yeong Jeong; Chang Kil Kim. Regeneration of Genetically Stable Plants from in Vitro Vitrified Leaves of Different Carnation Cultivars. Plants 2020, 9, 950 .
AMA StyleHo Thi Minh Thu, Aung Htay Naing, Hui Yeong Jeong, Chang Kil Kim. Regeneration of Genetically Stable Plants from in Vitro Vitrified Leaves of Different Carnation Cultivars. Plants. 2020; 9 (8):950.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHo Thi Minh Thu; Aung Htay Naing; Hui Yeong Jeong; Chang Kil Kim. 2020. "Regeneration of Genetically Stable Plants from in Vitro Vitrified Leaves of Different Carnation Cultivars." Plants 9, no. 8: 950.
Hosta species endemic to Korea are currently suffering from infection with Hosta virus X (HVX), and it has been difficult to produce virus-free plants when using infected plants as a source of material for in vitro and vegetative propagation in continuous production processes. Genetic variation in in vitro-regenerated plants has also been detected in some Hosta cultivars. Therefore, we aimed to develop an in vitro propagation method for the production of virus-free and genetically stable plants. First, we collected Hosta capitata showing symptoms of viral infection and confirmed the presence of an HVX virus gene using reverse transcription (RT)–PCR, followed by optimization of the sterilization of in vivo bulbs. Meristems derived from sterilized bulbs were cultured in media containing different concentrations of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) with either benzyl aminopurine (BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ). The combination of 0.1 mg/l NAA and 3.0 mg/l BA generated the highest number of shoots per explant, and these shoots had a higher fresh weight. The addition of nano-silver (NAg) particles to the regeneration medium distinctly stimulated plant growth. According to the results of RAPD analysis, the meristem-derived plants were genetically stable compared with donor plants grown in a greenhouse, and absence of the HVX gene was also observed, indicating freedom from HVX infection. Therefore, they would be highly valuable for use in the landscape industry. We expect that the method proposed in this study will also prove helpful for generating virus-free, genetically stable plants in the commercial production of other Hosta species.
Phyo Phyo Win Pe; Aung Htay Naing; May Thu Soe; Hyunhee Kang; Kyeung Il Park; Chang Kil Kim. Establishment of meristem culture for virus-free and genetically stable production of the endangered plant Hosta capitata. Scientia Horticulturae 2020, 272, 109591 .
AMA StylePhyo Phyo Win Pe, Aung Htay Naing, May Thu Soe, Hyunhee Kang, Kyeung Il Park, Chang Kil Kim. Establishment of meristem culture for virus-free and genetically stable production of the endangered plant Hosta capitata. Scientia Horticulturae. 2020; 272 ():109591.
Chicago/Turabian StylePhyo Phyo Win Pe; Aung Htay Naing; May Thu Soe; Hyunhee Kang; Kyeung Il Park; Chang Kil Kim. 2020. "Establishment of meristem culture for virus-free and genetically stable production of the endangered plant Hosta capitata." Scientia Horticulturae 272, no. : 109591.
Mi-Young Chung; Aung Htay Naing; Julia Vrebalov; AshokRaj Shanmugam; Do-Jin Lee; In Hwan Park; Chang Kil Kim; James Giovannon. The use of SlAdh2 promoter as a novel fruit-specific promoter in transgenic tomato. Journal of Plant Biotechnology 2020, 47, 172 -178.
AMA StyleMi-Young Chung, Aung Htay Naing, Julia Vrebalov, AshokRaj Shanmugam, Do-Jin Lee, In Hwan Park, Chang Kil Kim, James Giovannon. The use of SlAdh2 promoter as a novel fruit-specific promoter in transgenic tomato. Journal of Plant Biotechnology. 2020; 47 (2):172-178.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMi-Young Chung; Aung Htay Naing; Julia Vrebalov; AshokRaj Shanmugam; Do-Jin Lee; In Hwan Park; Chang Kil Kim; James Giovannon. 2020. "The use of SlAdh2 promoter as a novel fruit-specific promoter in transgenic tomato." Journal of Plant Biotechnology 47, no. 2: 172-178.
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that can influence gene expression via diverse mechanisms. Tomato is a fruit widely consumed for its flavor, culinary attributes, and high nutritional quality. Tomato fruit are climacteric and fleshy, and their ripening is regulated by endogenous and exogenous signals operating through a coordinated genetic network. Much research has been conducted on mechanisms of tomato fruit ripening, but the roles of miRNA-regulated repression/expression of specific regulatory genes are not well documented. Results In this study, we demonstrate that miR172 specifically targets four SlAP2 transcription factor genes in tomato. Among them, SlAP2a was repressed by the overexpression of SlmiR172, manifesting in altered flower morphology, development and accelerated ripening. miR172 over-expression lines specifically repressed SlAP2a, enhancing ethylene biosynthesis, fruit color and additional ripening characteristics. Most previously described ripening-regulatory genes, including RIN-MADS, NR, TAGL1 and LeHB-1 were not influenced by miR172 while CNR showed altered expression. Conclusions Tomato fruit ripening is directly influenced by miR172 targeting of the APETALA2 transcription factor, SlAP2a, with minimal influence over additional known ripening-regulatory genes. miR172a-guided SlAP2a expression provides insight into another layer of genetic control of ripening and a target for modifying the quality and nutritional value of tomato and possibly other fleshy fruit crops.
Mi-Young Chung; Ujjal Kumar Nath; Julia Vrebalov; Nigel Gapper; Je Min Lee; Do-Jin Lee; Chang Kil Kim; James Giovannoni. Ectopic expression of miRNA172 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) reveals novel function in fruit development through regulation of an AP2 transcription factor. BMC Plant Biology 2020, 20, 1 -15.
AMA StyleMi-Young Chung, Ujjal Kumar Nath, Julia Vrebalov, Nigel Gapper, Je Min Lee, Do-Jin Lee, Chang Kil Kim, James Giovannoni. Ectopic expression of miRNA172 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) reveals novel function in fruit development through regulation of an AP2 transcription factor. BMC Plant Biology. 2020; 20 (1):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMi-Young Chung; Ujjal Kumar Nath; Julia Vrebalov; Nigel Gapper; Je Min Lee; Do-Jin Lee; Chang Kil Kim; James Giovannoni. 2020. "Ectopic expression of miRNA172 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) reveals novel function in fruit development through regulation of an AP2 transcription factor." BMC Plant Biology 20, no. 1: 1-15.
The postharvest longevity and quality of cut flowers are affected by floral senescence and petal abscission, which primarily result from both ethylene production in the floral organs (such as the petals and gynoecium) and microbial growth in the xylem vessels in ethylene-sensitive flowers, while microbial growth plays a more crucial role in ethylene-insensitive flowers. Several approaches have been proposed to improve these postharvest traits, many of which use chemicals to inhibit ethylene biosynthesis and bacterial growth. However, the use of nanotechnology in the agricultural industry has been increasing in the last decade due to its ability to increase agricultural production and reduce postharvest waste. In particular, nano-silver (NS) particles have been used as ethylene inhibitors and antimicrobial agents in packaging to extend the vase life of horticultural products (i.e., fruits, vegetable, and flowers). In this review, we outline the role of NS particles in the suppression of ethylene production and microbial growth in cut flowers and discuss how the concentration and size of NS particles, incubation time, and plant genotype affect postharvest longevity. In addition, we highlight recent results on the application of biologically synthesized NS particles in packaging and postharvest management within the horticultural industry. We expect that this review will provide useful information on the benefits of using NS particles to control the postharvest biology of horticultural products, particularly with respect to improving the vase life of cut flowers.
Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. Application of nano-silver particles to control the postharvest biology of cut flowers: A review. Scientia Horticulturae 2020, 270, 109463 .
AMA StyleAung Htay Naing, Chang Kil Kim. Application of nano-silver particles to control the postharvest biology of cut flowers: A review. Scientia Horticulturae. 2020; 270 ():109463.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. 2020. "Application of nano-silver particles to control the postharvest biology of cut flowers: A review." Scientia Horticulturae 270, no. : 109463.
In this study, we sought to optimize the isolation of protoplasts from chrysanthemums by manipulating the mannitol and cellulase levels, the incubation period, and the purification method, followed by the conversion of the protoplasts into calli and shoots. A high protoplast yield was achieved using 0.5 M mannitol, 1.5% cellulase, and a 4 h incubation period. Cell wall regeneration was observed after 3 days, with the first cell division occurring approximately 4–5 days after culturing. The addition of sucrose to the culture media was more beneficial than glucose; in sucrose media the protoplasts grew more rapidly and successfully reached the colony and microcalli stage. The addition of activated charcoal to the culture improved colony and microcalli formation. Greater proliferation of microcalli was also achieved using solid Murashige & Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 1 mg l−1 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) and 2 mg l−1 Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The calli produced shoots THE on media supplemented with 2 mg l− 1 BA and 0.5 mg l−1 NAA. These findings could facilitate further chrysanthemum protoplast-based research.
Oluwaseun Suleimon Adedeji; Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. Protoplast isolation and shoot regeneration from protoplast-derived calli of Chrysanthemum cv. White ND. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 2020, 141, 571 -581.
AMA StyleOluwaseun Suleimon Adedeji, Aung Htay Naing, Chang Kil Kim. Protoplast isolation and shoot regeneration from protoplast-derived calli of Chrysanthemum cv. White ND. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC). 2020; 141 (3):571-581.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOluwaseun Suleimon Adedeji; Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. 2020. "Protoplast isolation and shoot regeneration from protoplast-derived calli of Chrysanthemum cv. White ND." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 141, no. 3: 571-581.
This study was conducted to investigate the involvement of antifreeze proteins (AFPs; type I and III) in the germination mechanism of tomato seeds under low temperature stress. Germination of the seeds grown at a room temperature (25°C) was observed on 5 days after sowing (DAS), while all seeds exposed to a low temperature started to germinate at 16 days after sowing (DAS). However, in comparison with control seeds (0 µg/l), seeds treated with AFP I (100, 300, or 500 µg/l) germinated earlier and at a higher percentage until 20 DAS, and seeds treated with 100 µg/l AFP I showed the highest percentage of germination. Surprisingly, AFP III did not significantly increase germination, and the rate was lower among 500 µg/l AFP III-treated seeds compared with control seeds (0 µg/l). The transcription levels of the plasma membrane-associated H+-ATPase gene and antioxidant-related superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase 1 (CAT1) genes were analyzed, and the transcription levels of the genes in the seeds grown at 25°C were relatively low. For low temperature-treated seeds, H+-ATPase in control seeds (0 µg/l) was higher compared with that in AFP I-treated seeds and was lower compared with that in AFP III-treated seeds. The expression levels of the antioxidant-related genes (SOD and CAT1) were lower in AFP I-treated seeds than in control seeds (0 µg/l); however, they were higher in AFP III-treated seeds than in control seeds (0 µg/l). Overall, compared with AFP III, AFP I may potentially function as a cold-protective agent by modulating the genes associated with seed germination.
Swum Yi Kyu; Aung Htay Naing; Phyo Phyo Win Pe; Kyeung Il Park; Chang Kil Kim. Tomato seeds pretreated with Antifreeze protein type I (AFP I) promotes the germination under cold stress by regulating the genes involved in germination process. Plant Signaling & Behavior 2019, 14, 1682796 .
AMA StyleSwum Yi Kyu, Aung Htay Naing, Phyo Phyo Win Pe, Kyeung Il Park, Chang Kil Kim. Tomato seeds pretreated with Antifreeze protein type I (AFP I) promotes the germination under cold stress by regulating the genes involved in germination process. Plant Signaling & Behavior. 2019; 14 (12):1682796.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSwum Yi Kyu; Aung Htay Naing; Phyo Phyo Win Pe; Kyeung Il Park; Chang Kil Kim. 2019. "Tomato seeds pretreated with Antifreeze protein type I (AFP I) promotes the germination under cold stress by regulating the genes involved in germination process." Plant Signaling & Behavior 14, no. 12: 1682796.
Background Past research has shown that virus-induced phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene silencing via agroinjection in the attached and detached fruit of tomato plants results in a pale-yellow fruit phenotype. Although the PDS gene is often used as a marker for gene silencing in tomatoes, little is known about the role of PDS in fruit ripening. In this study, we investigated whether the pepper PDS gene silenced endogenous PDS genes in the fruit of two tomato cultivars, Dotaerang Plus and Legend Summer. Results We found that the pepper PDS gene successfully silenced endogenous PDS in tomato fruit at a silencing frequency of 100% for both cultivars. A pale-yellow silenced area was observed over virtually the entire surface of individual fruit due to the transcriptional reduction in phytoene desaturase (PDS), zeta-carotene (ZDS), prolycopene isomerase (CrtlSO), and beta-carotene hydroxylase (CrtR-b2), which are the carotenoid biosynthesis genes responsible for the red coloration in tomatoes. PDS silencing also affected the expression levels of the fruit-ripening genes Tomato AGAMOUS-LIKE1 (TAGL1), RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN), pectin esterase gene (PE), lipoxygenase (LOX), FRUITFULL1/FRUITFUL2 (FUL1/FUL2), and the ethylene biosynthesis and response genes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 and 3 (ACO1 and ACO3) and ethylene-responsive genes (E4 and E8). Conclusion These results suggest that PDS is a positive regulator of ripening in tomato fruit, which must be considered when using it as a marker for virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments in order to avoid fruit-ripening side effects.
Aung Htay Naing; Swum Yi Kyu; Phyo Phyo Win Pe; Kyeung Il Park; Je Min Lee; Ki Byung Lim; Chang Kil Kim. Silencing of the phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene affects the expression of fruit-ripening genes in tomatoes. Plant Methods 2019, 15, 1 -10.
AMA StyleAung Htay Naing, Swum Yi Kyu, Phyo Phyo Win Pe, Kyeung Il Park, Je Min Lee, Ki Byung Lim, Chang Kil Kim. Silencing of the phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene affects the expression of fruit-ripening genes in tomatoes. Plant Methods. 2019; 15 (1):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAung Htay Naing; Swum Yi Kyu; Phyo Phyo Win Pe; Kyeung Il Park; Je Min Lee; Ki Byung Lim; Chang Kil Kim. 2019. "Silencing of the phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene affects the expression of fruit-ripening genes in tomatoes." Plant Methods 15, no. 1: 1-10.