Objectives: Autoimmune Diseases (AIDs) are detected in celiac patients. Our purpose was to determine the AIDs that are associated with celiac disease and related risk factors in the Turkish population. Methods: The study included 230 celiac patients who were diagnosed and followed-up in our clinics between 2015-2019. All AIDs that accompanied the celiac disease were recorded, and their association with risk factors was analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 35.6±10.6 years (age range:18-72). A total of 58(25.2%) patients were male and the mean age at onset of disease was 29.1±6.5 years. The duration of disease follow-up was 6.5±4.6 years. One hundred and twenty two (53%) patients were on a strict diet, and 72(31.3%) patients had accompanying AID. Hashimoto thyroiditis was found in 39(17%) patients, asthma in 16(7%) patients as the most common comorbidities. There was a significant relation between AID and female gender, age of diagnosis being <40 years, duration of disease, non-GIS symptoms at the time of admission, and non-employment status. Conclusion: Screening other AIDs in celiac patients are important, especially in individuals who have risk factors. Considering that many AIDs may develop in the future despite dietary compliance, patients should be followed with a multidisciplinary approach. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.821 How to cite this:Kayar Y, Dertli R. Association of autoimmune diseases with celiac disease and its risk factors. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1548-1553. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.821 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) is one of the common gastrointestinal problems and has a high mortality, especially in patients with poor hemodynamics. Therefore, treatment and follow-up should be managed dy-namically. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are fast workable, cheap, and easy to calculate he-matological parameters. We need easily accessible parameters as well as routine classifications such as Rockall score in the treatment and follow-up of NVUGIB patients, whose hemodynamics are unstable and progress with high mortality. In this study, we planned to evaluate NLR and PLR levels in patients with NVUGIB in the treatment follow-up with other scoring systems and their relationship with mortality in these patients. Two hundred and forty-nine patients who were admitted to our clinic between January 2015 and January 2017 diag-nosed with NVUGIB, and who underwent necessary examinations and follow-ups, were included in the study. The patients' Glasgow Blacthford, Rockall Score, NLR, and PLR levels were calculated at the first admission. One hundred and fifty-six of the patients were male (70.6%) and the mean age of all patients was 64.5±18.0 years. After follow-up and treatment, 28 (11.2%) patients died due to bleeding. High NLR and tachycardia at the time of admission and high patient age were found to be independent risk factors affecting the long of hospital stay. High Rockall score, high NLR at admission, and hy-potension at admission were shown to be independent risk factors affecting mortality. Besides the use of various scoring systems in patients with NVUGIB, we think that the use of simple hematological parameters may be appropriate and the use of these hematological parameters may be useful in the management of patients with unstable hemodynamics.

Background/aim: Albumin is the most important protein synthesized by the liver. Posttranscriptional changes occur in the molecular structure of albumin due to various factors and isoforms arise. Ischemic modified albumin (IMA) is one such isoform. This study was conducted to evaluate serum IMA concentrations in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related chronic liver diseases. Materials and methods: This study included 74 treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B patients, 25 patients with HBV-related cirrhosis, and 49 healthy controls. Serum IMA concentration was measured spectrophotometrically using the albumin cobalt binding test. Results: The mean IMA concentrations in the chronic hepatitis B group and healthy controls were 0.33 +/- 0.11 ABSU and 0.27 +/- 0.70 ABSU, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Mean IMA/albumin ratios (IMAR) in the chronic hepatitis B and control groups were 0.08 +/- 0.04 and 0.06 +/- 0.17, respectively, and the difference was also statistically significant (P < 0.001). Higher serum IMA concentrations and IMAR were detected in patients with advanced fibrosis. Conclusion: Serum IMA concentration and IMAR are increased in patients with HBV-related chronic liver diseases and IMA and IMAR are associated with the degree of liver fibrosis. IMA and IMAR may have potential use as noninvasive markers of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients.

Background/aim: Thiol-disulfide homeostasis is an important antioxidant defense mechanism. This study was conducted to investigate dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis in patients with hepatitis B virus-related chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Materials and methods: Seventy-one treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 50 patients with hepatitis B virus-associated liver cirrhosis, and 45 healthy controls were included in the study. Serum total and native thiol concentrations and serum disulfide concentrations were measured using an automated method. Results: Mean serum total thiol concentrations in the control, CHB, and cirrhosis groups were 481.64 +/- 37.87 mu mol/L, 438.50 +/- 71.35 mu mol/L, and 358.07 +/- 80.47 mu mol/L, respectively (P < 0.001), and mean serum native thiol concentrations in the control, CHB, and cirrhosis groups were 452.92 +/- 36.43 mu mol/L, 400.16 +/- 65.92 mu mol/L, and 328.15 +/- 74.91 mu mol/L, respectively (P < 0.001). Mean serum disulfide concentrations in the control, CHB, and cirrhosis groups were 14.38 +/- 3.38 mu mol/L, 19.19 +/- 6.16 mu mol/L, and 14.98 +/- 5.53 mu mol/L, respectively (P < 0.001). There was a progressive decrease in both mean serum native and total thiol concentrations parallel to the liver fibrosis stage. Conclusion: Thiol-disulfide homeostasis is disturbed in patients with hepatitis B virus-related chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis.