This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
The energy transition towards a scenario with 100% renewable energy sources (RES) for the energy system is starting to unfold its effects and is increasingly accepted. In such a scenario, a predominant role will be played by large photovoltaic and wind power plants. At the same time, the electrification of energy consumption is expected to develop further, with the ever-increasing diffusion of electric transport, heat pumps, and power-to-gas technologies. The not completely predictable nature of the RES is their well-known drawback, and it will require the use of energy storage technologies, in particular large-scale power-to-chemical conversion and chemical-to-power re-conversion, in view of the energy transition. Nonetheless, there is a lack in the literature regarding an analysis of the potential role of small–medium CCHP technologies in such a scenario. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to address what could be the role of the Combined Heat and Power (CHP) and/or Combined Cooling Heat and Power (CCHP) technologies fed by waste heat within the mentioned scenario. First, in this paper, a review of small–medium scale CHP technologies is performed, which may be fed by low temperature waste heat sources. Then, a review of the 100% RE scenario studied by researchers from the Lappeenranta University of Technology (through the so-called “LUT model”) is conducted to identify potential low temperature waste heat sources that could feed small–medium CHP technologies. Second, some possible interactions between those mentioned waste heat sources and the reviewed CHP technologies are presented through the crossing data collected from both sides. The results demonstrate that the most suitable waste heat sources for the selected CHP technologies are those related to gas turbines (heat recovery steam generator), steam turbines, and internal combustion engines. A preliminary economic analysis was also performed, which showed that the potential annual savings per unit of installed kW of the considered CHP technologies could reach EUR 255.00 and EUR 207.00 when related to power and heat production, respectively. Finally, the perspectives about the carbon footprint of the CHP/CCHP integration within the 100% renewable energy scenario were discussed.
Ronelly De Souza; Melchiorre Casisi; Diego Micheli; Mauro Reini. A Review of Small–Medium Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Technologies and Their Role within the 100% Renewable Energy Systems Scenario. Energies 2021, 14, 5338 .
AMA StyleRonelly De Souza, Melchiorre Casisi, Diego Micheli, Mauro Reini. A Review of Small–Medium Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Technologies and Their Role within the 100% Renewable Energy Systems Scenario. Energies. 2021; 14 (17):5338.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRonelly De Souza; Melchiorre Casisi; Diego Micheli; Mauro Reini. 2021. "A Review of Small–Medium Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Technologies and Their Role within the 100% Renewable Energy Systems Scenario." Energies 14, no. 17: 5338.
In recent years, ship builders and owners have to face a great effort to develop new design and management methodologies that lead to a reduction in consumption and emissions during the operation of the fleet. In the present study, the optimization of an on-board energy system of a large cruise ship is performed, both in terms of energy and of the overall dimensions of the system, while respecting the environmental constraint. In the simulation, a variable number of identical Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)/Stirling units is considered as an energy recovery system, bottoming the main internal combustion engines, possibly integrating with the installation of photovoltaic panels, solar thermal collectors, absorption refrigeration machines and thermal storages. The optimization takes into account the effective optimal management of the energy system, which is different according to the different design choices of the energy recovery system. Two typical cruises are considered (summer and winter). To reduce the computational effort for the solution of the problem, a bi-level strategy has been developed, which prescribes managing the binary choice variables expressing the existence or not of the components by means of an evolutionary algorithm, while all the remaining choice variables are obtained by a mixed-integer linear programming model of the system (MILP) algorithm. The entire procedure can be defined within the commercial software modeFRONTIER®.
Paolo Gnes; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. Bi-Level Optimization of the Energy Recovery System from Internal Combustion Engines of a Cruise Ship. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 6917 .
AMA StylePaolo Gnes, Piero Pinamonti, Mauro Reini. Bi-Level Optimization of the Energy Recovery System from Internal Combustion Engines of a Cruise Ship. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (19):6917.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaolo Gnes; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. 2020. "Bi-Level Optimization of the Energy Recovery System from Internal Combustion Engines of a Cruise Ship." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19: 6917.
The study examines the option of adding a bottom Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for energy recovery from an internal combustion engine (ICE) for ship propulsion. In fact, energy recovery from the exhaust gas normally rejected to the atmosphere and eventually from the cooling water circuit (usually rejected to the sea) can significantly reduce the fuel consumption of a naval ICE during its operation. In the paper, different possible bottom ORC configurations are considered and simulated using the Aspen® code. Different working fluids are taken into account, jointly with regenerative and two-temperature levels designs. The energy recovery allowed by each solution is evaluated for different engine load, allowing the identification of the most suitable ORC configuration. For the selected case, the preliminary design of the main heat exchangers is carried out and the off-design performance of the whole combined propulsion plant (ICE + ORC) is evaluated, leading to a preliminary analysis of cost saving during normal ship operation. The results of this analysis show an increase in power output of about 10% and an expected Payback Time of less than 6 years.
Melchiorre Casisi; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. Increasing the Energy Efficiency of an Internal Combustion Engine for Ship Propulsion with Bottom ORCs. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 6919 .
AMA StyleMelchiorre Casisi, Piero Pinamonti, Mauro Reini. Increasing the Energy Efficiency of an Internal Combustion Engine for Ship Propulsion with Bottom ORCs. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (19):6919.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelchiorre Casisi; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. 2020. "Increasing the Energy Efficiency of an Internal Combustion Engine for Ship Propulsion with Bottom ORCs." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19: 6919.
The Gouy-Stodola Theorem is the theoretical basis for allocating irreversibility and for identifying the maximum possible efficiency for any kind of energy conversion system. The well-known theorem is re-obtained in this paper, relaxing the hypothesis about a constant value for temperature and pressure of the reference environment. The equations that have been derived taking into account the variation of reference temperature and pressure show that two additional terms appear in both reversible and irreversible maximum useful work output, besides the well-known terms. These additional terms take into account the potential useful work (exergy) destruction related to the variation of the ambient condition during the considered time interval. In this way the Gouy-Stodola Theorem still holds, but the allocation of exergy destruction is generally different from that calculated in the usual hypothesis of constant temperature and pressure of the reference environment. The Gouy-Stodola Theorem is also used in various textbooks for defining the flow and the non-exergy of a control volume. The same approach is applied in this paper, highlighting the differences and the difficulties related to the variation of the reference pressure and temperature in the reference environment.
Mauro Reini; Melchiorre Casisi. The Gouy-Stodola Theorem and the derivation of exergy revised. Energy 2020, 210, 118486 .
AMA StyleMauro Reini, Melchiorre Casisi. The Gouy-Stodola Theorem and the derivation of exergy revised. Energy. 2020; 210 ():118486.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMauro Reini; Melchiorre Casisi. 2020. "The Gouy-Stodola Theorem and the derivation of exergy revised." Energy 210, no. : 118486.
The paper proposes a comparison of different district integration options for a distributed generation system for heating and cooling in an urban area. The system considered includes several production units located close to the users, a central unit and the district heating and cooling network which can connect all the users to each other and to a central unit, where a cogeneration system and a solar plant can be placed. Thus, each user can be regarded as isolated from the others, satisfying its energy needs by means of an autonomous production unit. Alternatively, it can be connected to the others through the district heating and cooling network. When a district heating and cooling network is included in the design option the synthesis-design and operation problems cannot be solved separately, because the energy to be produced by each production site is not known in advance, as the flows through the district heating and cooling network are not defined. This paper uses a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) methodology for the multi-objective optimization of the distributed generation energy system, considering the total annual cost for owning, operating and maintaining the whole system as the economic objective function, while the total annual CO2 emissions as the environmental objective function. The energy system is optimized for different district integration option, in order to understand how they affect the optimal solutions compared with both the environmental and economic objects.
Melchiorre Casisi; Dario Buoro; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. A Comparison of Different District Integration for a Distributed Generation System for Heating and Cooling in an Urban Area. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 3521 .
AMA StyleMelchiorre Casisi, Dario Buoro, Piero Pinamonti, Mauro Reini. A Comparison of Different District Integration for a Distributed Generation System for Heating and Cooling in an Urban Area. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (17):3521.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelchiorre Casisi; Dario Buoro; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. 2019. "A Comparison of Different District Integration for a Distributed Generation System for Heating and Cooling in an Urban Area." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17: 3521.
The paper deals with the modeling and optimization of an integrated multi-component energy system. On-off operation and presence-absence of components must be described by means of binary decision variables, besides equality and inequality constraints; furthermore, the synthesis and the operation of the energy system should be optimized at the same time. In this paper a hierarchical optimization strategy is used, adopting a genetic algorithm in the higher optimization level, to choose the main binary decision variables, whilst a MILP algorithm is used in the lower level, to choose the optimal operation of the system and to supply the merit function to the genetic algorithm. The method is then applied to a distributed generation system, which has to be designed for a set of users located in the center of a small town in the North-East of Italy. The results show the advantage of distributed cogeneration, when the optimal synthesis and operation of the whole system are adopted, and significant reduction in the computing time by using the proposed two-level optimization procedure.
Melchiorre Casisi; Stefano Costanzo; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. Two-Level Evolutionary Multi-objective Optimization of a District Heating System with Distributed Cogeneration. Energies 2018, 12, 114 .
AMA StyleMelchiorre Casisi, Stefano Costanzo, Piero Pinamonti, Mauro Reini. Two-Level Evolutionary Multi-objective Optimization of a District Heating System with Distributed Cogeneration. Energies. 2018; 12 (1):114.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelchiorre Casisi; Stefano Costanzo; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. 2018. "Two-Level Evolutionary Multi-objective Optimization of a District Heating System with Distributed Cogeneration." Energies 12, no. 1: 114.
ORCs are widely recognized as one of the most suitable solution for energy recovery, if the temperature of the heat source is of about 200°C, or lower. In case of heat sources of about 100 kW or smaller, the more common solutions prescribe a simple cycle and a single stage expander, in order to reduce complexity and costs. Scroll expanders, derived from scroll compressors, are expected to be available at very low unit costs. The drawbacks of this kind of solutions, originally designed for automotive, or HVAC applications, are mainly two: the low fixed volumetric expansion ratio and the small volumetric flow rate, that are not always well-suited for the requirements of power production. In this paper, different ORCs with multiple expansions are evaluated with the aim of achieving a better exploitation of small scale-low temperature waste heat sources. The comparison takes in consideration different possible solutions for the multiple expansions, with internally recuperated and not-recuperated cycles, whilst the data describing the actual behaviour of compressors derived scroll expanders have been previously obtained by a test rig, set up at the University of Trieste, using R245fa as working fluid.
Diego Micheli; M. Reini; R. Taccani. Multiple Expansion ORC for Small Scale – Low Temperature Heat Recovery. International Journal of Thermodynamics 2018, 21, 62 -68.
AMA StyleDiego Micheli, M. Reini, R. Taccani. Multiple Expansion ORC for Small Scale – Low Temperature Heat Recovery. International Journal of Thermodynamics. 2018; 21 (1):62-68.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiego Micheli; M. Reini; R. Taccani. 2018. "Multiple Expansion ORC for Small Scale – Low Temperature Heat Recovery." International Journal of Thermodynamics 21, no. 1: 62-68.
Melchiorre Casisi; Alberto De Nardi; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. Effect of different economic support policies on the optimal synthesis and operation of a distributed energy supply system with renewable energy sources for an industrial area. Energy Conversion and Management 2015, 95, 131 -139.
AMA StyleMelchiorre Casisi, Alberto De Nardi, Piero Pinamonti, Mauro Reini. Effect of different economic support policies on the optimal synthesis and operation of a distributed energy supply system with renewable energy sources for an industrial area. Energy Conversion and Management. 2015; 95 ():131-139.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelchiorre Casisi; Alberto De Nardi; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. 2015. "Effect of different economic support policies on the optimal synthesis and operation of a distributed energy supply system with renewable energy sources for an industrial area." Energy Conversion and Management 95, no. : 131-139.
The present paper is a review of several papers from the Proceedings of the Joint European Thermodynamics Conference, held in Brescia, Italy, 1–5 July 2013, namely papers introduced by their authors at Panel I of the conference. Panel I was devoted to applications of the Second Law of Thermodynamics to social issues—economics, ecology, sustainability, and energy policy. The concept called Available Energy which goes back to mid-nineteenth century work of Kelvin, Rankine, Maxwell and Gibbs, is relevant to all of the papers. Various names have been applied to the concept when interactions between the system of interest and an environment are involved. Today, the name exergy is generally accepted. The scope of the papers being reviewed is wide and they complement one another well.
Richard Gaggioli; Mauro Reini. Panel I: Connecting 2nd Law Analysis with Economics, Ecology and Energy Policy. Entropy 2014, 16, 3903 -3938.
AMA StyleRichard Gaggioli, Mauro Reini. Panel I: Connecting 2nd Law Analysis with Economics, Ecology and Energy Policy. Entropy. 2014; 16 (7):3903-3938.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRichard Gaggioli; Mauro Reini. 2014. "Panel I: Connecting 2nd Law Analysis with Economics, Ecology and Energy Policy." Entropy 16, no. 7: 3903-3938.
The aim of the paper is to identify the optimal energy production system and its optimal operation strategy required to satisfy the energy demand of a set of users in an industrial area. A distributed energy supply system is made up of a district heating network, a solar thermal plant with long term heat storage, a set of Combined Heat and Power units and conventional components also, such as boilers and compression chillers. In this way the required heat can be produced by solar thermal modules, by natural gas cogenerators, or by conventional boilers. The decision variable set of the optimization procedure includes the sizes of various components, the solar field extension and the thermal energy recovered in the heat storage, while additional binary decision variables describe the existence/absence of each considered component and its on/off operation status.\ud \ud The optimization algorithm is based on a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model that minimizes the total annual cost for owning, maintaining and operating the whole energy supply system. It allows to calculate both the economic and the environmental benefits of the solar thermal plant, cooperating with the cogeneration units, as well as the share of the thermal demand covered by renewable energy, in the optimal solutions.\ud \ud The results obtained analyzing different system configurations show that the minimum value of the average useful heat costs is achieved when cogenerators, district heating network, solar field and heat storage are all included in the energy supply system and optimized consistently. Thus, the integrated solution turns out to be the best from both the economic and environmental points of view
Dario Buoro; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. Optimization of a Distributed Cogeneration System with solar district heating. Applied Energy 2014, 124, 298 -308.
AMA StyleDario Buoro, Piero Pinamonti, Mauro Reini. Optimization of a Distributed Cogeneration System with solar district heating. Applied Energy. 2014; 124 ():298-308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDario Buoro; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. 2014. "Optimization of a Distributed Cogeneration System with solar district heating." Applied Energy 124, no. : 298-308.
The work deals with the realization of a prototype, the experimental testing and the modelization of a small-size Organic Rankine Cycle. The components of the circuit, filled by the refrigerant R245fa, are an inverter-driven diaphragm pump, a plate condenser, an electric boiler and a scroll expander. The latter is a hermetic device, derived from a commercial HVAC compressor, and expected to deliver a power of about 1.5 kW. The rotating speed of the expander, and of the electric generator contained in the same sealed vessel, is free, and the three-phase variable-frequency alternating current is converted into a direct current by a rectifier. The system is controlled regulating the feed pump speed and the vapor temperature at the boiler exit, while the imposed braking torque is varied adjusting the resistance of the electric load connected to the generator.\ud Some performance parameters of the whole cycle and of the plant components have been investigated with a series of experimental tests, whose results are discussed in the paper. The registered working parameters and efficiencies are comparable with those expected from previous studies and reported in literature, even if the system is not yet optimized.\ud These results are the basis for the numerical modelization of the cycle, realized with the simulation software LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim®. This has been chosen for its wide libraries of fluid properties and cycle mechanical and electric components and for its capacity to simulate systems also in transient conditions. Such a feature will be needed in the future developments of the work. Once the numerical model has been realized and calibrated on the basis of the experimental measurements, it will be used to achieve a better knowledge of the physical system, to understand which are the main problems to solve in order to achieve better performances, and finally to choose a more suitable control strategy for the prototype
Roberto Bracco; Stefano Clemente; Diego Micheli; Mauro Reini. Experimental tests and modelization of a domestic-scale ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle). Energy 2013, 58, 107 -116.
AMA StyleRoberto Bracco, Stefano Clemente, Diego Micheli, Mauro Reini. Experimental tests and modelization of a domestic-scale ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle). Energy. 2013; 58 ():107-116.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto Bracco; Stefano Clemente; Diego Micheli; Mauro Reini. 2013. "Experimental tests and modelization of a domestic-scale ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle)." Energy 58, no. : 107-116.
In the paper a multi-objective optimization model for distributed energy supply systems optimization is presented. The superstructure of the system comprehends a district heating network that connects the users to each other, small-scale CHP systems, large centralized solar plant and a thermal storage. The optimization has to determine the optimal structure of the system, the size of each component inside the optimal solution and the optimal operation strategy. The multi-objective optimization is based on a MILP (Mixed Integer Linear Programming) model and takes into account as objective function a linear combination of the annual cost for owning, maintaining and operating the whole system and the CO2 emissions associated to the system operation. The model allows to obtain different optimal solutions by varying the relative weight of the economic and the environmental objectives. In this way the Pareto Front is identified and the possible improvements in both economic and environmental terms can be highlighted. The model has been applied to a specific case study and it has been optimized for different superstructure configurations and for two different values of the electricity carbon intensity. The obtained results show that the solar plant, coupled with the optimal thermal storage, allows reaching both environmental and economic goals
D. Buoro; M. Casisi; A. De Nardi; P. Pinamonti; M. Reini. Multicriteria optimization of a distributed energy supply system for an industrial area. Energy 2013, 58, 128 -137.
AMA StyleD. Buoro, M. Casisi, A. De Nardi, P. Pinamonti, M. Reini. Multicriteria optimization of a distributed energy supply system for an industrial area. Energy. 2013; 58 ():128-137.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Buoro; M. Casisi; A. De Nardi; P. Pinamonti; M. Reini. 2013. "Multicriteria optimization of a distributed energy supply system for an industrial area." Energy 58, no. : 128-137.
Recently, several efforts have been devoted to the improvement of the thermal efficiency of small gas turbines, in order to approach the typical values of the internal combustion engines in the same range of power. One possibility is represented by a combined cycle, obtained coupling the gas turbine to a bottoming organic Rankine cycle (ORC). This paper deals with the definition of the main features of an ORC system aimed to recover heat from a 100 kWe commercial gas turbine with internal recuperator. After the optimization of the thermodynamic cycles, involving a comparison between six working fluids, different expanders are analyzed, with the aim of detecting, if possible, the best suited machine. First, single stage turbines, in both radial and axial flow configuration, are designed specifically for each considered fluid, in particular investigating the opportunity of mounting the ORC expander directly on the high-speed shaft of the gas turbine. Then, the performances of these dynamic machines are compared with those of positive displacement expanders, such as scroll devices, obtainable from commercial HVAC compressor with minor revisions, and reciprocating ones, here newly designed.
Stefano Clemente; Diego Micheli; Mauro Reini; Rodolfo Taccani. Bottoming organic Rankine cycle for a small scale gas turbine: A comparison of different solutions. Applied Energy 2013, 106, 355 -364.
AMA StyleStefano Clemente, Diego Micheli, Mauro Reini, Rodolfo Taccani. Bottoming organic Rankine cycle for a small scale gas turbine: A comparison of different solutions. Applied Energy. 2013; 106 ():355-364.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefano Clemente; Diego Micheli; Mauro Reini; Rodolfo Taccani. 2013. "Bottoming organic Rankine cycle for a small scale gas turbine: A comparison of different solutions." Applied Energy 106, no. : 355-364.
Small scale Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems has been the object of a large number of studies in the last decade,because of their suitability for energy recovery and cogenerative applications.\ud The paper presents an ORC numerical model and its applications to two different case studies; the code has been obtained by combining a one-dimensional model of a scroll machine and a thermodynamic model of a whole ORC system. Series production components,such as scroll compressors,from HVAC field,have been first considered in order to reduce costs,because this is a critical issue for small scale energy recovery and cogeneration systems. The detailed model of the scroll machine is capable to calculate the performances of both a compressor and an expander,as function of the geometry of the device and of the working fluid. The model has been first tested and validated by comparing its outputs with experimental tests on a commercial scroll compressor,then used to calculate the working curves of commercial scroll machines originally designed as compressors in the HVAC field,but operating as expanders.\ud The model of the expander has been then integrated in the thermodynamic model of the ORC system.\ud A series of comparisons have been carried out in order to valuate how the performances are influenced by cycle parameters,scroll geometry and working fluid for different applications. The results confirm the feasibility of small scale CHP systems with acceptable electrical efficiency,taking into account the low temperature thermal source,the small power output and the low-cost series production components employed
Stefano Clemente; Diego Micheli; Mauro Reini; Rodolfo Taccani. Energy efficiency analysis of Organic Rankine Cycles with scroll expanders for cogenerative applications. Applied Energy 2012, 97, 792 -801.
AMA StyleStefano Clemente, Diego Micheli, Mauro Reini, Rodolfo Taccani. Energy efficiency analysis of Organic Rankine Cycles with scroll expanders for cogenerative applications. Applied Energy. 2012; 97 ():792-801.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefano Clemente; Diego Micheli; Mauro Reini; Rodolfo Taccani. 2012. "Energy efficiency analysis of Organic Rankine Cycles with scroll expanders for cogenerative applications." Applied Energy 97, no. : 792-801.
The paper deals with the optimization of an advanced energy supply systems for two dwellings: a standard home and an advanced domotic home, where some demand side energy saving strategies have been implemented. In both cases the optimal synthesis, design and operation of the whole energy supply system have been obtained and a sensitivity analysis has been performed, by introducing different economic constraints.\ud The optimization model is based on a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) and includes different kinds of small-scale cogenerators, geothermal heat pumps, boilers, heat storages, solar thermal and photovoltaic panels. In addition, absorption machines, supplied with cogenerated heat, can be used instead of conventional electrical chiller to face the cooling demand. The aim of the analysis is to address the question if advanced demand strategies and supply strategies have to be regarded as alternatives, or if they have to be simultaneously applied, in order to obtain the maximum energy and economic benefit
Dario Buoro; Melchiorre Casisi; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. Optimal synthesis and operation of advanced energy supply systems for standard and domotic home. Energy Conversion and Management 2012, 60, 96 -105.
AMA StyleDario Buoro, Melchiorre Casisi, Piero Pinamonti, Mauro Reini. Optimal synthesis and operation of advanced energy supply systems for standard and domotic home. Energy Conversion and Management. 2012; 60 ():96-105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDario Buoro; Melchiorre Casisi; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. 2012. "Optimal synthesis and operation of advanced energy supply systems for standard and domotic home." Energy Conversion and Management 60, no. : 96-105.
The paper presents the optimization of an energy supply system for an industrial area. The system is mainly composed of a district heating network (DHN), of a solar thermal plant with long term heat storage, of a set of combined heat and power units (CHP) and of additional thermal/cooling energy supply machines. The thermal vector can be produced by solar thermal modules, by fossil-fuel cogenerator or by conventional boilers. The optimization algorithm is based on a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model and it has to determine the optimal structure of the energy system and the size of the components (solar field area, heat storage volume, machines sizes, etc.). The model allows to calculate the economical and environmental benefits of the solar thermal plant compared to the cogenerative production, as well as the share of the thermal demand covered by renewable energies. The aim of the paper is to identity the optimal energy production mix able to meet the user energy demands and furthermore how the solar thermal energy integration affects the optimal energy system configuration. The average costs of the heat produced for the users have been evaluated for different optimal configurations, and it emerges that the solution including some cogenerators located in strategic production units, the district heating network, the long term heat storage and a solar plant of proper size, allows achieving the lowest cost of the heat. Thus, the integrated solution turns out to be the best from both the economical and environmental point of view.
Dario Buoro; Alberto De Nardi; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. Optimization of an Industrial Area Energy Supply System With Distributed Cogeneration and Solar District Heating. Volume 7: Structures and Dynamics, Parts A and B 2012, 949 -960.
AMA StyleDario Buoro, Alberto De Nardi, Piero Pinamonti, Mauro Reini. Optimization of an Industrial Area Energy Supply System With Distributed Cogeneration and Solar District Heating. Volume 7: Structures and Dynamics, Parts A and B. 2012; ():949-960.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDario Buoro; Alberto De Nardi; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. 2012. "Optimization of an Industrial Area Energy Supply System With Distributed Cogeneration and Solar District Heating." Volume 7: Structures and Dynamics, Parts A and B , no. : 949-960.
The article deals with the influence of the amortization period in the optimization of a distributed urban district heating and cooling trigeneration system. The model, presented in detail in [1], is based on a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) and includes a set of micro-cogeneration gas turbines for producing electricity and thermal energy and a set of absorption chillers, driven by cogenerated heat, for producing cooling energy. Micro-gas turbines and absorption chillers can be used instead of purchasing electricity from the grid, producing thermal energy by boilers and cooling energy by compression chillers. Moreover, various building can be connected each other through a district heating and cooling network (DHC network). The optimization specifies the kind, the number and the location of cogeneration equipment and absorption machines, the size and the position of district heating and cooling pipelines as well as the optimal operation of each component. The objective function takes into account investment cost of micro-gas turbine, absorption chillers and DHC network, maintenance costs, operation costs and any income from the sale of electricity. The aim of the article is to obtain the optimal solution varying the amortization period of machines and networks, for understanding the influence of capital costs on the annual total cost, the optimal system configuration and operation.
Dario Buoro; Melchiorre Casisi; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. Optimization of Distributed Trigeneration Systems Integrated with Heating and Cooling Micro-grids. Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal 2011, 26, 7 -34.
AMA StyleDario Buoro, Melchiorre Casisi, Piero Pinamonti, Mauro Reini. Optimization of Distributed Trigeneration Systems Integrated with Heating and Cooling Micro-grids. Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal. 2011; 26 (2):7-34.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDario Buoro; Melchiorre Casisi; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. 2011. "Optimization of Distributed Trigeneration Systems Integrated with Heating and Cooling Micro-grids." Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal 26, no. 2: 7-34.
In the last years one of the main research topics in energy field is represented by Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs), due to their applicability in energy recovery from waste heat and in distributed combined heat and power (CHP) generation, particularly in small and micro scale systems. One of the key devices of the cycle is the expander: it must have a limited cost (like all the other components, in order to ensure the economic feasibility), but also a high efficiency, since the temperature of the heat source is often low and then the cycle efficiency is inherently scarce. In the first part of this paper a literature review on various positive-displacement expanders is presented, in order to outline their performances and their application field. Then, the numerical model of a volumetric reciprocating expander is implemented. This model, and another one previously developed to simulate scroll expanders, is combined with a thermodynamic model of the whole ORC system, so that a comparison between the two technologies can be carried out. The results confirm the possibility of realizing small scale energy recovery and cogeneration (CHP) systems with acceptable electrical efficiency also adopting low-cost components, directly derived from large scale industrial components.
Stefano Clemente; Diego Micheli; Mauro Reini; Rodolfo Taccani. Performance Analysis and Modeling of Different Volumetric Expanders for Small-Scale Organic Rankine Cycles. ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Parts A, B, and C 2011, 375 -384.
AMA StyleStefano Clemente, Diego Micheli, Mauro Reini, Rodolfo Taccani. Performance Analysis and Modeling of Different Volumetric Expanders for Small-Scale Organic Rankine Cycles. ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Parts A, B, and C. 2011; ():375-384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefano Clemente; Diego Micheli; Mauro Reini; Rodolfo Taccani. 2011. "Performance Analysis and Modeling of Different Volumetric Expanders for Small-Scale Organic Rankine Cycles." ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Parts A, B, and C , no. : 375-384.
The paper deals with the optimization of a distributed urban district heating and cooling cogeneration system. The model is based on a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) and includes a set of micro-cogeneration gas turbines and a district heating network potentially connecting each considered building to all the others. Absorption machines, supplied with cogenerated heat, can be used instead of conventional electrical chiller to face the cooling demand. In addition, a district cooling network can be introduced, independently from the district heating one. The objective of the paper is to obtain the optimal synthesis and operation strategy of the whole system, in terms of Total Annual Cost for owning, maintaining and operating the system. The solution has to specify the kind, the number and the location of cogeneration equipment and absorption machines, the size and the position of district heating and cooling pipelines as well as the optimal operation of each component. The effects of different plant options, comparing cogeneration and tri-generation machines adoption and district heating and cooling pipelines installation, are considered.
Dario Buoro; Melchiorre Casisi; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. Optimal Lay-Out and Operation of District Heating and Cooling Distributed Trigeneration Systems. Volume 3: Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation; Cycle Innovations; Marine 2010, 157 -166.
AMA StyleDario Buoro, Melchiorre Casisi, Piero Pinamonti, Mauro Reini. Optimal Lay-Out and Operation of District Heating and Cooling Distributed Trigeneration Systems. Volume 3: Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation; Cycle Innovations; Marine. 2010; ():157-166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDario Buoro; Melchiorre Casisi; Piero Pinamonti; Mauro Reini. 2010. "Optimal Lay-Out and Operation of District Heating and Cooling Distributed Trigeneration Systems." Volume 3: Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation; Cycle Innovations; Marine , no. : 157-166.
The paper presents an optimization model of a distributed cogeneration system with a district heating network, applied to a real city centre situation. The distributed urban cogeneration system includes both a set of micro-gas turbines, located inside some public buildings, and a centralized cogeneration system based on a Internal Combustion Engine. The objective function adopted for the optimization is the Total Annual Cost for owning, maintaining and operating the whole system. To face the problem a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) is defined and solved by a commercial software. Starting from the thermal and electrical demand of the buildings, the MILP model allows to define the possible installation of the centralized cogeneration ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) and the number of microturbines in the different buildings, the optimal lay-out of the district heating network and the optimal operation strategy for the whole system as well. In particular the energy performance and global CO2 emissions are evaluated.
M. Casisi; P. Pinamonti; M. Reini. Optimal lay-out and operation of combined heat & power (CHP) distributed generation systems. Energy 2009, 34, 2175 -2183.
AMA StyleM. Casisi, P. Pinamonti, M. Reini. Optimal lay-out and operation of combined heat & power (CHP) distributed generation systems. Energy. 2009; 34 (12):2175-2183.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Casisi; P. Pinamonti; M. Reini. 2009. "Optimal lay-out and operation of combined heat & power (CHP) distributed generation systems." Energy 34, no. 12: 2175-2183.