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Zhenming Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

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Journal article
Published: 30 August 2021 in Animals
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These experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of excessive sulfur on rumen fermentation, microflora, and epithelial barrier function in steers through in vitro gas production and animal feeding experiments. Nine and four levels of sulfur addition were evaluated in in vitro ruminal fermentation and animal feeding experiment, respectively. The results showed that increasing the level of sulfur in substrates decreased the total gas and methane production linearly, while increasing the production of hydrogen sulfide gas (p< 0.01). Volatile fatty acid concentrations, especially that of butyric acid, were increased by extra sulfur (p< 0.01). Sulfur content in the diet had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on most of the rumen microbes, except for Desulfovibrio, one of the major sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the rumen, whose population increased by adding extra sulfur (p< 0.001). The changes in the morphology of rumen epithelium and thickening of the total epithelial layer were mainly attributed to the increase in the acanthosis cell layer and stratum basale (p< 0.05). Further, the relative expressions of two tight junction protein regulating genes, CLDN-1 and TJP1, were reduced (p< 0.05). Excessive sulfur in the diet can change the type of rumen fermentation, sulfate metabolism and SRB population, and the rumen epithelial barrier function. The results of this study demonstrated that sulfur can be used as a methane inhibitor with the mechanism that SRB competitively used protons to produce hydrogen sulfide. However, a higher level of sulfur in the diet could increase the inflammatory reaction of the rumen epithelium which may affect nutrient absorption.

ACS Style

Hao Wu; Yan Li; Qingxiang Meng; Zhenming Zhou. Effect of High Sulfur Diet on Rumen Fermentation, Microflora, and Epithelial Barrier Function in Steers. Animals 2021, 11, 2545 .

AMA Style

Hao Wu, Yan Li, Qingxiang Meng, Zhenming Zhou. Effect of High Sulfur Diet on Rumen Fermentation, Microflora, and Epithelial Barrier Function in Steers. Animals. 2021; 11 (9):2545.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao Wu; Yan Li; Qingxiang Meng; Zhenming Zhou. 2021. "Effect of High Sulfur Diet on Rumen Fermentation, Microflora, and Epithelial Barrier Function in Steers." Animals 11, no. 9: 2545.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2021 in Animals
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In Vivo fermentable organic matter (FOM) reflects the energy production and the potential of rumen’s microbial protein synthesis. However, the in vivo method with fistulated animals for FOM measurement compromises animal welfare and is laborious as well as expensive. Although the alternative in situ nylon bag technique has been widely used, it is also costly and requires rumen liquor. Therefore, the present study was performed to compare the in situ nylon bag technique with the in vitro neutral detergent cellulase (NDC) method or chemical composition to estimate in vivo FOM of roughages. For this purpose, we selected 12 roughages, including six each from forages and crop residues. Our results have shown the strong correlation equations between FOMin situ and FOMNDC of forages (n = 6; R2 = 0.79), crop residues (n = 6; R2 = 0.80), and roughages (n = 12; R2 = 0.84), respectively. Moreover, there were also strong correlations between the chemical composition of roughages and FOMin situ (n = 12; R2 = 0.84–0.93) or FOMNDC (n = 12; R2 = 0.79–0.89). In conclusion, the in vitro NDC method and chemical composition were alternatives to in situ nylon bag technique for predicting in vivo FOM of roughages in the current experiment.

ACS Style

Yue Liu; Rui Li; Hao Wu; Qingxiang Meng; Muhammad Khan; Zhenming Zhou. In Vitro Neutral Detergent Cellulase Method and Chemical Composition to Predict In Vivo Fermentable Organic Matter of Roughages. Animals 2021, 11, 1594 .

AMA Style

Yue Liu, Rui Li, Hao Wu, Qingxiang Meng, Muhammad Khan, Zhenming Zhou. In Vitro Neutral Detergent Cellulase Method and Chemical Composition to Predict In Vivo Fermentable Organic Matter of Roughages. Animals. 2021; 11 (6):1594.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yue Liu; Rui Li; Hao Wu; Qingxiang Meng; Muhammad Khan; Zhenming Zhou. 2021. "In Vitro Neutral Detergent Cellulase Method and Chemical Composition to Predict In Vivo Fermentable Organic Matter of Roughages." Animals 11, no. 6: 1594.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2021 in Animals
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This study was designed to evaluate the effect of hybrid type on the fermentation and nutritional parameters of whole-plant corn silage (dual-purpose and silage-specific corn). For this purpose, the two corn hybrid types were harvested at the one-half to three-fourths milk line and ensiled in fermentation bags (50 × 80 cm) for 60 day. Our results demonstrated that the ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid (p = 0.004), propionic acid (p< 0.001), Flieg point (p< 0.001), ether extract (p = 0.039), starch (p< 0.001), milk-per-ton index (p< 0.005), net energy for lactation (p = 0.003), total digestible nutrients (p< 0.001), neutral detergent soluble fiber (p =0.04), and in situ dry matter digestibility (TDMDis) (p< 0.001) were higher in dual-purpose corn silage, while the pH (p = 0.014), acetic acid (p = 0.007), the ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen (p = 0.045), neutral detergent fiber (p< 0.001), acid detergent fiber (p< 0.001), acid detergent lignin (p< 0.001), dry matter yield per ha (p< 0.001), milk-per-acre index (p = 0.003), available neutral detergent fiber (p< 0.001), and unavailable neutral detergent fiber (p< 0.001) were higher in silage-specific corn silage. Based on our analysis, we concluded that under favourable production conditions for whole-plant corn silage, the nutritive value per unit was higher in dual-purpose corn while biomass yield and nutrient value per ha were higher in silage-specific corn.

ACS Style

Yue Liu; Guogen Wang; Hao Wu; Qingxiang Meng; Muhammad Khan; Zhenming Zhou. Effect of Hybrid Type on Fermentation and Nutritional Parameters of Whole Plant Corn Silage. Animals 2021, 11, 1587 .

AMA Style

Yue Liu, Guogen Wang, Hao Wu, Qingxiang Meng, Muhammad Khan, Zhenming Zhou. Effect of Hybrid Type on Fermentation and Nutritional Parameters of Whole Plant Corn Silage. Animals. 2021; 11 (6):1587.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yue Liu; Guogen Wang; Hao Wu; Qingxiang Meng; Muhammad Khan; Zhenming Zhou. 2021. "Effect of Hybrid Type on Fermentation and Nutritional Parameters of Whole Plant Corn Silage." Animals 11, no. 6: 1587.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2020 in Journal of Dairy Science
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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of calcium propionate (CaP) on rumen microbiota, fermentation indicators, and weight gain in calves both pre- and postweaning. Twenty-four newborn calves were randomly divided into 4 groups (2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement): either pre- (90 d) or postweaning (160 d), and either without or with dietary CaP supplementation (5% dry matter). The CaP supplementation increased the body weight and rumen weight of the calves and lowered NH3-N concentration in the rumen. Microbiota composition was characterized by sequencing the amplicons of the bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes. The CaP supplementation decreased the relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes but tended to increase that of Proteobacteria. In addition, CaP supplementation decreased the diversity of bacteria and archaea in the rumen compared with the calves fed the control diet. Linear discriminant analysis of the rumen microbiota revealed that Succinivibrionaceae and Methanobrevibacter were enriched in the CaP group postweaning. A correlation was also present between the acetate to propionate ratio and the species that acted as co-occurrence network hubs, including Succiniclasticum, Treponema, and Megasphaera. In conclusion, CaP supplementation can improve body weight gain and rumen growth and alter the ruminal microbiota in calves both pre- and postweaning.

ACS Style

N. Cao; H. Wu; X.Z. Zhang; Q.X. Meng; Z.M. Zhou. Calcium propionate supplementation alters the ruminal bacterial and archaeal communities in pre- and postweaning calves. Journal of Dairy Science 2020, 103, 3204 -3218.

AMA Style

N. Cao, H. Wu, X.Z. Zhang, Q.X. Meng, Z.M. Zhou. Calcium propionate supplementation alters the ruminal bacterial and archaeal communities in pre- and postweaning calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 2020; 103 (4):3204-3218.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N. Cao; H. Wu; X.Z. Zhang; Q.X. Meng; Z.M. Zhou. 2020. "Calcium propionate supplementation alters the ruminal bacterial and archaeal communities in pre- and postweaning calves." Journal of Dairy Science 103, no. 4: 3204-3218.

Regular articles
Published: 09 November 2019 in Tropical Animal Health and Production
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In this study, we evaluated the effect of steam explosion of oil palm frond (OPF) and oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) on nutrient composition and ruminal fermentation characteristics in vitro. The results showed that steam explosion decreased NDF (P < 0.01), ADF (P < 0.01), and hemicellulose content (P < 0.01) in OPF and EFB. Steam explosion improved the effective energy value of OPF and EFB. In vitro fermentation results revealed that 72-h gas production capacity of OPF and EFB increased by 12.60and 85.06% (P < 0.01), respectively, after steam explosion. Steam explosion had a tendency to improve the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) (P = 0.082). In conclusion, steam explosion of OPF and EFB reduced NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose content and increased gas production and TVFA concentration.

ACS Style

Hao Wu; Zhenming Zhou; Yuanlong Yang; Qingxiang Meng. Effect of steam explosion of oil palm frond and empty fruit bunch on nutrient composition and ruminal fermentation characteristics. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2019, 52, 1223 -1228.

AMA Style

Hao Wu, Zhenming Zhou, Yuanlong Yang, Qingxiang Meng. Effect of steam explosion of oil palm frond and empty fruit bunch on nutrient composition and ruminal fermentation characteristics. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2019; 52 (3):1223-1228.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao Wu; Zhenming Zhou; Yuanlong Yang; Qingxiang Meng. 2019. "Effect of steam explosion of oil palm frond and empty fruit bunch on nutrient composition and ruminal fermentation characteristics." Tropical Animal Health and Production 52, no. 3: 1223-1228.

Journal article
Published: 17 September 2019 in Animals
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This study aimed to investigate the effect of applying various silage additives to whole corn crops at ensiling on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and blood physiology in growing–finishing bulls. Sixty Simmental × Yellow Cattle crossbred bulls were blocked by initial body weight (BW; 324.0 ± 5.4 kg) into 15 blocks. Animals in each block were randomly assigned to one of four diets formulated based on the following corn silage: control (CON), inoculated with complex lactic acid bacteria (CLB), ensilaged with mixed organic acid salts (MS), and ensilaged with CLB and MS (CLBMS). The feeding experiment lasted over 155 days, with an additional 7 days for adaptation. The results showed that bulls fed CLB-inoculated silage had greater (p < 0.05) daily dry matter intake than the other groups. The experimental treatment had no significant effect on average daily gain (p = 0.33) and feed-to-gain ratio (p = 0.13), although bulls fed CLB-inoculated silage had a larger numeric average daily gain. All additive-treated silage increased ruminal NH3–N content (p < 0.05) and reduced the acetate-to-propionate ratio (p < 0.05) of bulls compared with the control group. Bulls fed CLB-inoculated silage had a lower ruminal pH value (p < 0.05) than that of the other groups. Compared with the control group, bulls fed CLB-inoculated silage had greater blood cholesterol, albumin, and urea nitrogen (p < 0.05). Blood physiological responses were similar in bulls fed MS-treated and control silage, whereas those in cattle fed CLBMS-treated silage were between bulls fed CLB- and MS-treated silages and more similar to the former. Taking animal performance and cost effectiveness into consideration, the application of CLB alone to whole corn crops at ensiling appears to be a better choice compared with the application of either MS alone or both of them together.

ACS Style

Yawei Zhang; Xiangwei Zhao; Wanbao Chen; Zhenming Zhou; Qingxiang Meng; Hao Wu; Zhao; Chen; Zhou; Meng; Wu. Effects of Adding Various Silage Additives to Whole Corn Crops at Ensiling on Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and Serum Physiological Characteristics of Growing-Finishing Cattle. Animals 2019, 9, 695 .

AMA Style

Yawei Zhang, Xiangwei Zhao, Wanbao Chen, Zhenming Zhou, Qingxiang Meng, Hao Wu, Zhao, Chen, Zhou, Meng, Wu. Effects of Adding Various Silage Additives to Whole Corn Crops at Ensiling on Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and Serum Physiological Characteristics of Growing-Finishing Cattle. Animals. 2019; 9 (9):695.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yawei Zhang; Xiangwei Zhao; Wanbao Chen; Zhenming Zhou; Qingxiang Meng; Hao Wu; Zhao; Chen; Zhou; Meng; Wu. 2019. "Effects of Adding Various Silage Additives to Whole Corn Crops at Ensiling on Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and Serum Physiological Characteristics of Growing-Finishing Cattle." Animals 9, no. 9: 695.

Journal article
Published: 16 September 2019 in Animals
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Although many byproducts of milling industries have potential as a ruminant feed, they have not been widely used due to their low nutritive value, especially high-fiber content and difficult processing techniques. Steam explosion can increase the degradation of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin and make byproduct feedstuffs more suitable as ruminant feed. Five byproduct feedstuffs: cassava alcohol residue (CAR), distillers’ grains (DG), cottonseed meal (CM), rapeseed meal (RM) and potato starchy residues (PSR), were steam-exploded using five different processing parameters and the effects on the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, energy value, and Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System composition were assessed in order to provide a theoretical basis for the technique’s development and utilization for ruminant feed production. In this study, after steam-explosion treatment, the nutritive value and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of CAR, DG, RM and PSR were improved (p < 0.05), while there was no effect on nutritive value of CM (p > 0.05). Specifically, steam explosion treatment decreased the contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, available cell wall, and slowly degraded protein, and increased the total digestible nutrients, digestible energy, metabolic energy, net energy for maintenance, and net energy for gain, sugar, non-structural carbohydrate and IVDMD. Therefore, steam-explosion treatment offers the potential to improve the suitability of byproduct feedstuffs as ruminant feed.

ACS Style

Yue Liu; Xiaoxuan Ren; Hao Wu; Qingxiang Meng; Zhenming Zhou. Steam Explosion Treatment of Byproduct Feedstuffs for Potential Use as Ruminant Feed. Animals 2019, 9, 688 .

AMA Style

Yue Liu, Xiaoxuan Ren, Hao Wu, Qingxiang Meng, Zhenming Zhou. Steam Explosion Treatment of Byproduct Feedstuffs for Potential Use as Ruminant Feed. Animals. 2019; 9 (9):688.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yue Liu; Xiaoxuan Ren; Hao Wu; Qingxiang Meng; Zhenming Zhou. 2019. "Steam Explosion Treatment of Byproduct Feedstuffs for Potential Use as Ruminant Feed." Animals 9, no. 9: 688.

Journal article
Published: 06 August 2019 in Scientific Reports
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We estimated ruminal crude protein degradation of twelve feedstuffs commonly used in China using in vitro and in vivo methods. The in vivo net protein utilization (NPU) levels of corn, sorghum, barley, wheat, Chinese wild rye grass, corn stalk, rice straw, soybean straw, soybean meal, distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS), Brewers’ spent grains, and sunflower meal were 52.57, 49.68, 65.38, 72.58, 82.41, 72.26, 68.57, 76.95, 54.75, 56.27, 29.03 and 41.88%, respectively. The linear regression between NH3-N incorporated into microbial proteins and gas production after incubation (6, 12, and 24 h) was significant (r = 0.9948 and P < 0.001, r = 0.9874 and P < 0.01, and r = 0.9912 and P < 0.01, respectively). Based on the linear regression equations, we estimated in vitro protein degradability (IVPD) and generated the regression equations between IVPD and NPU. The linear regression equations between IVPD and NPU after 6 h incubation in the energy, protein, and roughage feed groups were Y = 0.5633X + 33.20 (R2 = 0.8517, P < 0.05), Y = 0.8482X+ 34.81 (R2 = 0.8650, P < 0.05), and Y = 1.6295X − 17.70 (R2 = 0.909, P < 0.05), respectively. The in vitro gas production method is useful for the determination of protein degradation in feedstuffs.

ACS Style

Chang Liu; Deyong Li; Wanbao Chen; Yan Li; Hao Wu; Qingxiang Meng; Zhenming Zhou. Estimating ruminal crude protein degradation from beef cattle feedstuff. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Chang Liu, Deyong Li, Wanbao Chen, Yan Li, Hao Wu, Qingxiang Meng, Zhenming Zhou. Estimating ruminal crude protein degradation from beef cattle feedstuff. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chang Liu; Deyong Li; Wanbao Chen; Yan Li; Hao Wu; Qingxiang Meng; Zhenming Zhou. 2019. "Estimating ruminal crude protein degradation from beef cattle feedstuff." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Meat Science
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The effect of cattle feed on beef quality and oxidative stability was investigated. A corn silage (CS)-based finishing diet was compared with the diets based on corn stalk silage (SS) or corn stalk silage combined with its expected corn grain (SSC), containing a ratio of stalk to grain of corn plant of 1.5:1. Replacing CS with SS in the finishing diet had no effect on the proximate nutrients, cholesterol content, fatty acids profile, pH, color, water holding capacity, tenderness, texture profile, or oxidative stability of beef muscle. Compared to the CS diet and SS diet, cattle fed SSC diet showed an inferior antioxidant capacity, lower SOD and higher MDA concentrations in blood. SSC diet fed cattle also showed higher MDA and protein carbonyl concentrations in beef muscle indicating increased oxidation damage, and potentially resulting in a greater drip loss of the beef muscle. Corn silage can be replaced in the finishing feed of beef cattle with corn stalk silage without any negative effects on measures of beef quality.

ACS Style

Liwen He; Hao Wu; Guogen Wang; Qingxiang Meng; Zhenming Zhou. The effects of including corn silage, corn stalk silage, and corn grain in finishing ration of beef steers on meat quality and oxidative stability. Meat Science 2018, 139, 142 -148.

AMA Style

Liwen He, Hao Wu, Guogen Wang, Qingxiang Meng, Zhenming Zhou. The effects of including corn silage, corn stalk silage, and corn grain in finishing ration of beef steers on meat quality and oxidative stability. Meat Science. 2018; 139 ():142-148.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liwen He; Hao Wu; Guogen Wang; Qingxiang Meng; Zhenming Zhou. 2018. "The effects of including corn silage, corn stalk silage, and corn grain in finishing ration of beef steers on meat quality and oxidative stability." Meat Science 139, no. : 142-148.

Journal article
Published: 20 March 2018 in BMC Microbiology
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This study was conducted to examine effects of nitrate on ruminal methane production, methanogen abundance, and composition. Six rumen-fistulated Limousin×Jinnan steers were fed diets supplemented with either 0% (0NR), 1% (1NR), or 2% (2NR) nitrate (dry matter basis) regimens in succession. Rumen fluid was taken after two-week adaptation for evaluation of in vitro methane production, methanogen abundance, and composition measurements. Results showed that nitrate significantly decreased in vitro ruminal methane production at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h (P < 0.01; P < 0.01; P = 0.01). The 1NR and 2NR regimens numerically reduced the methanogen population by 4.47% and 25.82% respectively. However, there was no significant difference observed between treatments. The alpha and beta diversity of the methanogen community was not significantly changed by nitrate either. However, the relative abundance of the methanogen genera was greatly changed. Methanosphaera (PL = 0.0033) and Methanimicrococcus (PL = 0.0113) abundance increased linearly commensurate with increasing nitration levels, while Methanoplanus abundance was significantly decreased (PL = 0.0013). The population of Methanoculleus, the least frequently identified genus in this study, exhibited quadratic growth from 0% to 2% when nitrate was added (PQ = 0.0140). Correlation analysis found that methane reduction was significantly related to Methanobrevibacter and Methanoplanus abundance, and negatively correlated with Methanosphaera and Methanimicrococcus abundance.

ACS Style

Liping Zhao; Qingxiang Meng; Yan Li; Hao Wu; Yunlong Huo; Xinzhuang Zhang; Zhenming Zhou. Nitrate decreases ruminal methane production with slight changes to ruminal methanogen composition of nitrate-adapted steers. BMC Microbiology 2018, 18, 21 .

AMA Style

Liping Zhao, Qingxiang Meng, Yan Li, Hao Wu, Yunlong Huo, Xinzhuang Zhang, Zhenming Zhou. Nitrate decreases ruminal methane production with slight changes to ruminal methanogen composition of nitrate-adapted steers. BMC Microbiology. 2018; 18 (1):21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liping Zhao; Qingxiang Meng; Yan Li; Hao Wu; Yunlong Huo; Xinzhuang Zhang; Zhenming Zhou. 2018. "Nitrate decreases ruminal methane production with slight changes to ruminal methanogen composition of nitrate-adapted steers." BMC Microbiology 18, no. 1: 21.

Environmental biotechnology
Published: 07 June 2017 in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
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In this study, we evaluated the effects of urea-supplemented diets on the ruminal bacterial and archaeal communities of finishing bulls using sequencing technology. Eighteen bulls were fed a total mixed ration based on maize silage and concentrate (40:60) and randomly allocated to one of three experimental diets: a basal diet with no urea (UC, 0%), a basal diet supplemented with low urea levels (UL, 0.8% dry matter (DM) basis), and a basal diet supplemented with high urea levels (UH, 2% DM basis). All treatments were iso-nitrogenous (14% crude protein, DM basis) and iso-metabolic energetic (ME = 11.3 MJ/kg, DM basis). After a 12-week feeding trial, DNA was isolated from ruminal samples and used for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. For bacteria, the most abundant phyla were Firmicutes (44.47%) and Bacteroidetes (41.83%), and the dominant genera were Prevotella (13.17%), Succiniclasticum (4.24%), Butyrivibrio (2.36%), and Ruminococcus (1.93%). Urea supplementation had no effect on most phyla (P > 0.05), while there was a decreasing tendency in phylum TM7 with increasing urea levels (P = 0.0914). Compared to UC, UH had lower abundance of genera Butyrivibrio and Coprococcus (P = 0.0092 and P = 0.0222, respectively). For archaea, the most abundant phylum was Euryarchaeota (99.81% of the sequence reads), and the most abundant genus was Methanobrevibacter (90.87% of the sequence reads). UH increased the abundance of genus Methanobrevibacter and Methanobacterium (P = 0.0299 and P = 0.0007, respectively) and decreased the abundance of vadinCA11 (P = 0.0151). These findings suggest that urea-supplemented diets were associated with a shift in archaeal biodiversity and changes in the bacterial community in the rumen.

ACS Style

Zhenming Zhou; Qingxiang Meng; Shengli Li; Lan Jiang; Hao Wu. Effect of urea-supplemented diets on the ruminal bacterial and archaeal community composition of finishing bulls. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 2017, 101, 6205 -6216.

AMA Style

Zhenming Zhou, Qingxiang Meng, Shengli Li, Lan Jiang, Hao Wu. Effect of urea-supplemented diets on the ruminal bacterial and archaeal community composition of finishing bulls. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2017; 101 (15):6205-6216.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenming Zhou; Qingxiang Meng; Shengli Li; Lan Jiang; Hao Wu. 2017. "Effect of urea-supplemented diets on the ruminal bacterial and archaeal community composition of finishing bulls." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 101, no. 15: 6205-6216.

Journal article
Published: 21 April 2017 in BMC Microbiology
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Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of ensiled mulberry leaves (EML) and sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace (SMFP) on fecal bacterial communities in Simmental crossbred finishing steers. To this end, the steers were reared on a standard TMR diet, standard diet containing EML, and standard diet containing SMFP. The protein and energy levels of all the diets were similar. Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and quantitative real-time PCR were used to analyze and detect the fecal bacterial community. Most of the sequences were assigned to Firmicutes (56.67%) and Bacteroidetes (35.90%), followed by Proteobacteria (1.87%), Verrucomicrobia (1.80%) and Tenericutes (1.37%). The predominant genera were 5-7 N15 (5.91%), CF231 (2.49%), Oscillospira (2.33%), Paludibacter (1.23%) and Akkermansia (1.11%). No significant differences were observed in the numbers of Firmicutes (p = 0.28), Bacteroidetes (p = 0.63), Proteobacteria (p = 0.46), Verrucomicrobia (p = 0.17), and Tenericutes (p = 0.75) populations between the treatment groups. At the genus level, genera classified with high abundance (more than 0.1%) belonged primarily to Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Furthermore, no differences were observed at the genus level: 5-7 N15, CF231, Oscillospira, Paludibacter, and Akkermansia (p > 0.05 in all cases), except that rc4–4 was lower in the CON and SMFP groups than in the EML group (p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in the richness estimate and diversity indices between the groups (p > 0.16), and the different diets did not significantly influence most selected fecal bacterial species (p > 0.06), except for Ruminococcus albus, which was higher in the EML group (p < 0.01) and Streptococcus bovis, which was lower in the CON group (p < 0.01) relative to the other groups. In conclusion, diets supplemented with EML and SMFP have little influence on the fecal bacterial community composition in finishing steers.

ACS Style

Yan Li; Qingxiang Meng; Bo Zhou; Zhenming Zhou. Effect of ensiled mulberry leaves and sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace on the fecal bacterial community composition in finishing steers. BMC Microbiology 2017, 17, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Yan Li, Qingxiang Meng, Bo Zhou, Zhenming Zhou. Effect of ensiled mulberry leaves and sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace on the fecal bacterial community composition in finishing steers. BMC Microbiology. 2017; 17 (1):1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan Li; Qingxiang Meng; Bo Zhou; Zhenming Zhou. 2017. "Effect of ensiled mulberry leaves and sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace on the fecal bacterial community composition in finishing steers." BMC Microbiology 17, no. 1: 1-9.

Original research article
Published: 07 February 2017 in Frontiers in Microbiology
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The aim of this study was to determine the microbial community composition in the rumen of yaks under different feeding regimes. Microbial communities were assessed by pyrosequencing bacterial and archaeal 16S ribosomal RNA gene fragments obtained from yaks (Bos grunniens) from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Samples were obtained from 14 animals allocated to either pasture grazing (Graze), a grazing and supplementary feeding regime (GSF), or an indoor feeding regime (Feed). The predominant phyla across feeding regimes were Bacteroidetes (51.06%) and Firmicutes (32.73%). At genus level, twenty-five genera were shared across all samples. The relative abundance of Prevotella in the graze and GSF regime group were significantly higher than that in the feed regime group. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus was lower in the graze group than the feed and GSF regime groups. The most abundant archea phylum was Euryarchaeota, which accounted for 99.67% of the sequences. Ten genera were detected across feeding regimes, seven genera were shared by all samples, and the most abundant was genus Methanobrevibacter (91.60%). The relative abundance of the most detected genera were similar across groups. Our results suggest that the ruminal bacterial community structures differ across yak feeding regimes while the archaeal community structures are largely similar.

ACS Style

Zhenming Zhou; Lei Fang; Qingxiang Meng; Shengli Li; Shatuo Chai; Shujie Liu; Jan Thomas Schonewille. Assessment of Ruminal Bacterial and Archaeal Community Structure in Yak (Bos grunniens). Frontiers in Microbiology 2017, 8, 179 .

AMA Style

Zhenming Zhou, Lei Fang, Qingxiang Meng, Shengli Li, Shatuo Chai, Shujie Liu, Jan Thomas Schonewille. Assessment of Ruminal Bacterial and Archaeal Community Structure in Yak (Bos grunniens). Frontiers in Microbiology. 2017; 8 ():179.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenming Zhou; Lei Fang; Qingxiang Meng; Shengli Li; Shatuo Chai; Shujie Liu; Jan Thomas Schonewille. 2017. "Assessment of Ruminal Bacterial and Archaeal Community Structure in Yak (Bos grunniens)." Frontiers in Microbiology 8, no. : 179.