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The concept of sustainable development was introduced in Europe by the Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) and was extended to waste management in the Waste Framework Directive. In order to achieve sustainable development, hazardous waste (HW) must be managed safely and in accordance with regulations. This also applies to worldwide HW transport, especially when HW is shipped for disposal. The United Nations, through the Basel Convention, aims to prevent the export of HW from developed countries to developing countries for disposal. In Europe, HW shipments are regulated by Regulation (EC) No. 1013/2006 of the European Parliament and by the Council of 14 June 2006 on shipments of waste. Additionally, all HW shipments must be in accordance with two principles contained in the Waste Framework Directive: proximity and self-sufficiency. Using data from 2014 and network analysis methodology, this paper fills the gaps in the scientific literature by looking at how shipments of HW travel for disposal in Europe, how the regulations affect these shipments and how GDP per capita influences the shipment of waste. The results show that countries with a high GDP per capita play an important role in the network (having the highest in-degree) and that the absence of landfill taxes for HW does not influence HW shipments for disposal. Therefore, countries in the EU act in accordance with the proximity and self-sufficiency principles.
Carmen Callao; M. Latorre; Margarita Martinez-Núñez. Understanding Hazardous Waste Exports for Disposal in Europe: A Contribution to Sustainable Development. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8905 .
AMA StyleCarmen Callao, M. Latorre, Margarita Martinez-Núñez. Understanding Hazardous Waste Exports for Disposal in Europe: A Contribution to Sustainable Development. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8905.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarmen Callao; M. Latorre; Margarita Martinez-Núñez. 2021. "Understanding Hazardous Waste Exports for Disposal in Europe: A Contribution to Sustainable Development." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8905.
The European Union has incorporated impact investment through two action plans: the Social Entrepreneurship Initiative and the Investment Plan for Europe. These financing tools seek to fund economic growth and promote job creation. Among the different measures carried out, the regulatory framework for impact investment funds stands out, under which the denomination, European Social Entrepreneurship Fund, is established to designate investment funds focused on social enterprises with the objective of generating a positive impact. It is possible to affirm that the creation of a solid impact intermediation infrastructure, by connecting both sides of supply and demand, is a critical aspect for the development and effective functioning of the impact market. Special importance is given to impact funds capable of attracting private capital. In order to categorise the different impact funds according to the most relevant aspects, a proposal form for the characterisation of impact funds has been drawn up and has been applied to a particular case. The presentation of Creas will allow for contextualising the practices that impact funds carry out and facilitate the general understanding of the article through a specific example that is considered successful in Spain.
Juan Santamarta; Mª Storch de Gracia; Mª Carrascosa; Margarita Martínez-Núñez; Celia García; Noelia Cruz-Pérez. Characterisation of Impact Funds and Their Potential in the Context of the 2030 Agenda. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6476 .
AMA StyleJuan Santamarta, Mª Storch de Gracia, Mª Carrascosa, Margarita Martínez-Núñez, Celia García, Noelia Cruz-Pérez. Characterisation of Impact Funds and Their Potential in the Context of the 2030 Agenda. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6476.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Santamarta; Mª Storch de Gracia; Mª Carrascosa; Margarita Martínez-Núñez; Celia García; Noelia Cruz-Pérez. 2021. "Characterisation of Impact Funds and Their Potential in the Context of the 2030 Agenda." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6476.
In Europe, there are different regulations regarding hazardous waste management with which European Union Member States must comply. On the one hand, Member States must meet the recovery targets that are set in the different waste Directives, and they have two options here: material recovery facilities in the country of origin, or recovery through the shipment of waste. In addition, EU Member States must comply with the regulations governing the shipment of hazardous waste (HW), that is, the Basel Convention and the European Regulation on the shipment of waste. Two main questions arise: where is hazardous waste sent, and why? We analyse the European regulation on the shipment of waste, and we consider the above questions by combining network analysis methodology, to examine which countries in the network can be grouped in HW-trading communities, and ANOVA technique to study how the groups created in the network behave in different contexts. These HW-trading communities can be assessed according to European Innovation Indicators, GDP, and other variables. The results allow us to understand the drivers behind the shipment of HW for recovery in Europe. First, this study provides a descriptive overview of the relationships between European countries, the way in which they cooperate and describes how each country is positioned in the joint network. Second, the study is able to identify the most relevant countries in the network. Third, the HW-trading communities are analysed to discover whether they behave differently from the other groups according to GDP and other variables, amongst which we have included the following Europe Innovation Indicators: innovation index, research systems, innovation friendly environment, or innovators. The results show that the Nordic countries are outstanding in the way in which their waste is managed with other countries and reveal a community that works both in the context of hazardous waste shipment and innovation.
M. Pilar Latorre; Margarita Martinez-Nuñez; Carmen Callao. Modelling and analysing the relationship between innovation and the European Regulations on hazardous waste shipments. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 2021, 1 -20.
AMA StyleM. Pilar Latorre, Margarita Martinez-Nuñez, Carmen Callao. Modelling and analysing the relationship between innovation and the European Regulations on hazardous waste shipments. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics. 2021; ():1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Pilar Latorre; Margarita Martinez-Nuñez; Carmen Callao. 2021. "Modelling and analysing the relationship between innovation and the European Regulations on hazardous waste shipments." International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics , no. : 1-20.
Although the increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is overall positive for the environment and for the sustainable use of resources, the extra effort that requires purchasing an EV when compared to an equivalent internal combustion engine (ICE) competitor make them less appealing from an economical point of view. In addition to that, there are other challenges in EVs (autonomy, battery, recharge time, etc.) that are non-existent in ICE vehicles. Nevertheless, the possibility of providing electricity to the power grid via vehicle-to-grid technology (V2G), along with lower maintenance costs, could prove that EVs are the most economically efficient option in the long run. Indeed, enabling V2G would make EVs capable of saving some costs for their vehicle owners, thus making them a better long-term mobility choice that could trigger deep changes in habits of vehicle owners. This paper describes a cost–benefit analysis of how consumers can make use of V2G solutions, in a way that they can use their vehicle for transport purposes and obtain revenues when injecting energy into the power grid.
Jesús Rodríguez-Molina; Pedro Castillejo; Victoria Beltran; Margarita Martínez-Núñez. A Model for Cost–Benefit Analysis of Privately Owned Vehicle-to-Grid Solutions. Energies 2020, 13, 5814 .
AMA StyleJesús Rodríguez-Molina, Pedro Castillejo, Victoria Beltran, Margarita Martínez-Núñez. A Model for Cost–Benefit Analysis of Privately Owned Vehicle-to-Grid Solutions. Energies. 2020; 13 (21):5814.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesús Rodríguez-Molina; Pedro Castillejo; Victoria Beltran; Margarita Martínez-Núñez. 2020. "A Model for Cost–Benefit Analysis of Privately Owned Vehicle-to-Grid Solutions." Energies 13, no. 21: 5814.
This paper analyzes the relationship between the productive efficiency and the Online Social Networks - OSN in the Spanish telecommunications firms. First, a data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used and several indicators of business "Social Media" activities are incorporated. In a second stage, a logistic regression model regression is applied to characterize the efficient enterprises. Results show that the company's ability to absorb and utilize this OSN is a key factor in improving the productive efficiency. These results on the combined use and different management capabilities of OSN point to a definition of OSN as a heterogeneous resource. This paper presents a model for assessing the strategic performance to address their presence and activity in OSN.
Margarita Martinez-Nuñez; Waldo Saúl Pérez-Aguiar. Un modelo no paramétrico de evaluación de la eficiencia y la gestión de las redes sociales virtuales: Una aplicación a las empresas del sector de las telecomunicaciones en España. Studies of Applied Economics 2020, 31, 597 -620.
AMA StyleMargarita Martinez-Nuñez, Waldo Saúl Pérez-Aguiar. Un modelo no paramétrico de evaluación de la eficiencia y la gestión de las redes sociales virtuales: Una aplicación a las empresas del sector de las telecomunicaciones en España. Studies of Applied Economics. 2020; 31 (2):597-620.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMargarita Martinez-Nuñez; Waldo Saúl Pérez-Aguiar. 2020. "Un modelo no paramétrico de evaluación de la eficiencia y la gestión de las redes sociales virtuales: Una aplicación a las empresas del sector de las telecomunicaciones en España." Studies of Applied Economics 31, no. 2: 597-620.
In this paper, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is applied to exhaustively examine the efficiency of the main airline companies in the European airspace by using novel input/output parameters: business management factors, network analysis metrics, as well as social media estimators. Furthermore, we also use network analysis to provide a better differentiation among efficiency values. Results indicate that user engagement, as well as the analysis of the position within the airspace-from an operative perspective, influence the efficiency of the airline companies, allowing a more comprehensive understanding of its functioning.
Ramon Hermoso; M. Pilar Latorre; Margarita Martinez-Nuñez. Multivariate Data Envelopment Analysis to Measure Airline Efficiency in European Airspace: A Network-Based Approach. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 5312 .
AMA StyleRamon Hermoso, M. Pilar Latorre, Margarita Martinez-Nuñez. Multivariate Data Envelopment Analysis to Measure Airline Efficiency in European Airspace: A Network-Based Approach. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (24):5312.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamon Hermoso; M. Pilar Latorre; Margarita Martinez-Nuñez. 2019. "Multivariate Data Envelopment Analysis to Measure Airline Efficiency in European Airspace: A Network-Based Approach." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24: 5312.
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), regardless of their topic, are a perfect space to generate, through virtual learning communities associated with them, very valuable resources for their participants and, in general, anyone interested in the topic covered. If in the design of these learning spaces, elements specific to games are added to them, which is known as gamification, we can try to increase the engagement of the student towards the course and, therefore, towards the community. This paper presents an experience of a MOOC of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Spain) with a connectivist approach. Aspects such as fun and motivation have been worked on in the design, through the application of gamified activities and the use of elements from social networks, considered as gamification, with the aim of increasing participation and engagement within a Facebook group, used as a community to support the course. We have analyzed aspects such as enjoyment and motivation, the result of which has been active participation and high engagement within the MOOC community in the form of content and especially great interaction, highlighting the existence of continuous activity once the edition of the MOOC is finished, as a consequence of a habit generated in the student.
Oriol Borrás-Gené; Margarita Martínez-Núñez; Luis Martín-Fernández. Enhancing Fun Through Gamification to Improve Engagement in MOOC. Informatics 2019, 6, 28 .
AMA StyleOriol Borrás-Gené, Margarita Martínez-Núñez, Luis Martín-Fernández. Enhancing Fun Through Gamification to Improve Engagement in MOOC. Informatics. 2019; 6 (3):28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOriol Borrás-Gené; Margarita Martínez-Núñez; Luis Martín-Fernández. 2019. "Enhancing Fun Through Gamification to Improve Engagement in MOOC." Informatics 6, no. 3: 28.
The study of efficiency in hazardous waste management has been proved to be a driving factor for sustainable development (SD). This study focuses on a performance assessment of European countries, most of them European Union (EU) member states and candidate countries that share a common legislative framework through European regulations, in order to provide a general understanding of hazardous waste performance. In this paper, we use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to examine the efficiency of 32 countries in Europe by using novel input/output environmental parameters to study the efficiency of the different waste management operations from an environmental point of view. This analysis contrasts the efficiency in the management of total waste versus hazardous waste and studies three operations with hazardous wastes: incineration and incineration with energy recovery, disposal and recovery. Results show that there are differences in the achievement of efficiency, not only among countries, but also among the different waste management operations analysed.
Carmen Callao; Margarita Martinez-Nuñez; M. Pilar Latorre. European Countries: Does common legislation guarantee better hazardous waste performance for European Union member states? Waste Management 2018, 84, 147 -157.
AMA StyleCarmen Callao, Margarita Martinez-Nuñez, M. Pilar Latorre. European Countries: Does common legislation guarantee better hazardous waste performance for European Union member states? Waste Management. 2018; 84 ():147-157.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarmen Callao; Margarita Martinez-Nuñez; M. Pilar Latorre. 2018. "European Countries: Does common legislation guarantee better hazardous waste performance for European Union member states?" Waste Management 84, no. : 147-157.
C. Lorenzo; R.H. Almeida; Margarita Martinez-Nuñez; Luis Narvarte; L.M. Carrasco. Economic assessment of large power photovoltaic irrigation systems in the ECOWAS region. Energy 2018, 155, 992 -1003.
AMA StyleC. Lorenzo, R.H. Almeida, Margarita Martinez-Nuñez, Luis Narvarte, L.M. Carrasco. Economic assessment of large power photovoltaic irrigation systems in the ECOWAS region. Energy. 2018; 155 ():992-1003.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Lorenzo; R.H. Almeida; Margarita Martinez-Nuñez; Luis Narvarte; L.M. Carrasco. 2018. "Economic assessment of large power photovoltaic irrigation systems in the ECOWAS region." Energy 155, no. : 992-1003.
The confluence of thousands of students in a MOOC is an opportunity to manage all the knowledge generated through the creation of open educational resources (OER), especially when a connectivist approach is applied and the MOOC makes use of virtual learning communities. The challenge is transferring the flow of knowledge, activity, and interactions of the course to the community and making that transference sustainable and ongoing over time. For this purpose, the use of elements of gamification to train and retain the knowledge creators of the community along with the use of social networking platforms is proposed. This chapter analyses several editions of a MOOC and the opportunity offered by the use of different types of learning (formal, non-formal, and informal) that occur in them, thus characterizing patterns to train the open content and knowledge generation through gamification. From the results, indicators for managing successful and sustainable knowledge communities are proposed along with indicators for persistence and interaction between participants.
Luis Martin-Fernandez; Margarita Martinez-Nuñez; Oriol Borras-Gene; Angel Fidalgo-Blanco. Addressing Knowledge Management and Virtual Learning Communities in MOOC Using Open Resources and Gamification. Global Implications of Emerging Technology Trends 2018, 74 -92.
AMA StyleLuis Martin-Fernandez, Margarita Martinez-Nuñez, Oriol Borras-Gene, Angel Fidalgo-Blanco. Addressing Knowledge Management and Virtual Learning Communities in MOOC Using Open Resources and Gamification. Global Implications of Emerging Technology Trends. 2018; ():74-92.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Martin-Fernandez; Margarita Martinez-Nuñez; Oriol Borras-Gene; Angel Fidalgo-Blanco. 2018. "Addressing Knowledge Management and Virtual Learning Communities in MOOC Using Open Resources and Gamification." Global Implications of Emerging Technology Trends , no. : 74-92.
The use of the flip teaching methodology, a new trend in educational innovation, has had a significant impact. It has led to the creation of spaces that provide online video for use in the classroom while also encouraging the active participation of students. However, the implementation of this methodology can be problematic in the classroom. A new micro flip teaching module has been designed and implemented to resolve these issues. The main objectives of this research were to measure the impact of learning, to determine the degree to which students are involved in the process through the creation of learning resources and to measure how participating students view their experience of micro flip teaching. This model incorporates answers to issues that currently pose a barrier, such as link activity or the major effort that would be required to change an entire course design. The results show that the micro flip teaching model has a direct impact on student learning. The study offers proof that the model is not in any way subject-dependent nor does it require a great effort for students to adapt. Student perception of the usefulness of the model is based more on the methodology itself than on either course content or the teachers participating in the experience.
Ángel Fidalgo Blanco; Margarita Martinez-Nuñez; Oriol Borrás-Gene; Javier J. Sanchez-Medina. Micro flip teaching ‒ An innovative model to promote the active involvement of students. Computers in Human Behavior 2017, 72, 713 -723.
AMA StyleÁngel Fidalgo Blanco, Margarita Martinez-Nuñez, Oriol Borrás-Gene, Javier J. Sanchez-Medina. Micro flip teaching ‒ An innovative model to promote the active involvement of students. Computers in Human Behavior. 2017; 72 ():713-723.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁngel Fidalgo Blanco; Margarita Martinez-Nuñez; Oriol Borrás-Gene; Javier J. Sanchez-Medina. 2017. "Micro flip teaching ‒ An innovative model to promote the active involvement of students." Computers in Human Behavior 72, no. : 713-723.
Two major educational strengths that MOOCs provide are informal learning and harnessing the collective intelligence of the students and the interactions among other users like former students, future students, business professionals, other universities, etc. These features may lead to the emergence of new sustainable in time educational elements wherein knowledge and learning continue enriching once the course finished. At present, one of the main limitations of the MOOC platforms is the lack of social open tools to enhance and take advantage of the collective intelligence generated in the course. This article proposes a new model to allocate informal learning and collective intelligence in MOOCs using external virtual learning communities through social networks, based on Google +. The main aim of this article is to assess the virtual learning community performance and analyze the interactions and the kinds of learning that take place inside the community and over time. A case of study of a MOOC course with Google + community is presented.
Margarita Martinez-Nuñez; Oriol Borras-Gene; Angel Fidalgo-Blanco. Virtual Learning Communities in Google Plus, Implications, and Sustainability in MOOCs. Journal of Information Technology Research 2016, 9, 18 -36.
AMA StyleMargarita Martinez-Nuñez, Oriol Borras-Gene, Angel Fidalgo-Blanco. Virtual Learning Communities in Google Plus, Implications, and Sustainability in MOOCs. Journal of Information Technology Research. 2016; 9 (3):18-36.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMargarita Martinez-Nuñez; Oriol Borras-Gene; Angel Fidalgo-Blanco. 2016. "Virtual Learning Communities in Google Plus, Implications, and Sustainability in MOOCs." Journal of Information Technology Research 9, no. 3: 18-36.
Oriol Borras-Gene; Margarita Martinez-Nuñez; A. Blázquez-Sevilla. GAMIFIED OPEN Q&A FORUM MODEL AS A PLATFORM FOR A CMOOCS. INTED2017 Proceedings 2016, 1, 4903 -4910.
AMA StyleOriol Borras-Gene, Margarita Martinez-Nuñez, A. Blázquez-Sevilla. GAMIFIED OPEN Q&A FORUM MODEL AS A PLATFORM FOR A CMOOCS. INTED2017 Proceedings. 2016; 1 ():4903-4910.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOriol Borras-Gene; Margarita Martinez-Nuñez; A. Blázquez-Sevilla. 2016. "GAMIFIED OPEN Q&A FORUM MODEL AS A PLATFORM FOR A CMOOCS." INTED2017 Proceedings 1, no. : 4903-4910.
Irina Argüelles-Alvarez; Margarita Martinez-Nuñez. Identifying Learning Patterns in the Upper-Intermediate Level of English Through Large-Scale Testing. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 2015, 173, 5 -10.
AMA StyleIrina Argüelles-Alvarez, Margarita Martinez-Nuñez. Identifying Learning Patterns in the Upper-Intermediate Level of English Through Large-Scale Testing. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2015; 173 ():5-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrina Argüelles-Alvarez; Margarita Martinez-Nuñez. 2015. "Identifying Learning Patterns in the Upper-Intermediate Level of English Through Large-Scale Testing." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 173, no. : 5-10.
Considering that non-renewable energy resources are dwindling, the smart grid turns out to be one of the most promising and compelling systems for the future of energy. Not only does it combine efficient energy consumption with avant-garde technologies related to renewable energies, but it is also capable of providing several beneficial utilities, such as power monitoring and data provision. When smart grid end users turn into prosumers, they become arguably the most important value creators within the smart grid and a decisive agent of change in terms of electricity usage. There is a plethora of research and development areas related to the smart grid that can be exploited for new business opportunities, thus spawning another branch of the so-called “green economy” focused on turning smart energy usage into a profitable business. This paper deals with emerging business models for smart grid prosumers, their strengths and weaknesses and puts forward new prosumer-oriented business models, along with their value propositions.
Jesús Rodríguez-Molina; Margarita Martínez-Núñez; José-Fernán Martínez; Waldo Pérez-Aguiar. Business Models in the Smart Grid: Challenges, Opportunities and Proposals for Prosumer Profitability. Energies 2014, 7, 6142 -6171.
AMA StyleJesús Rodríguez-Molina, Margarita Martínez-Núñez, José-Fernán Martínez, Waldo Pérez-Aguiar. Business Models in the Smart Grid: Challenges, Opportunities and Proposals for Prosumer Profitability. Energies. 2014; 7 (9):6142-6171.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesús Rodríguez-Molina; Margarita Martínez-Núñez; José-Fernán Martínez; Waldo Pérez-Aguiar. 2014. "Business Models in the Smart Grid: Challenges, Opportunities and Proposals for Prosumer Profitability." Energies 7, no. 9: 6142-6171.
This paper analyses the relationship between productive efficiency and online-social-networks (OSN) in Spanish telecommunications firms. A data-envelopment-analysis (DEA) is used and several indicators of business ?social Media? activities are incorporated. A super-efficiency analysis and bootstrapping techniques are performed to increase the model?s robustness and accuracy. Then, a logistic regression model is applied to characterise factors and drivers of good performance in OSN. Results reveal the company?s ability to absorb and utilise OSNs as a key factor in improving the productive efficiency. This paper presents a model for assessing the strategic performance of the presence and activity in OSN
Margarita Martinez-Nuñez; Waldo Saúl Pérez-Aguiar. Efficiency analysis of information technology and online social networks management: An integrated DEA-model assessment. Information & Management 2014, 51, 712 -725.
AMA StyleMargarita Martinez-Nuñez, Waldo Saúl Pérez-Aguiar. Efficiency analysis of information technology and online social networks management: An integrated DEA-model assessment. Information & Management. 2014; 51 (6):712-725.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMargarita Martinez-Nuñez; Waldo Saúl Pérez-Aguiar. 2014. "Efficiency analysis of information technology and online social networks management: An integrated DEA-model assessment." Information & Management 51, no. 6: 712-725.
Oriol Borrás Gené; Margarita Martínez Núñez; Ángel Fidalgo Blanco. Gamification in MOOC. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality - TEEM '14 2014, 215 -220.
AMA StyleOriol Borrás Gené, Margarita Martínez Núñez, Ángel Fidalgo Blanco. Gamification in MOOC. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality - TEEM '14. 2014; ():215-220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOriol Borrás Gené; Margarita Martínez Núñez; Ángel Fidalgo Blanco. 2014. "Gamification in MOOC." Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality - TEEM '14 , no. : 215-220.
Margarita Martinez-Nuñez; Oriol Borras-Gene; Ángel Fidalgo Blanco. Social community in MOOCs. Proceedings of the second international conference on Human-agent interaction 2014, 147 -154.
AMA StyleMargarita Martinez-Nuñez, Oriol Borras-Gene, Ángel Fidalgo Blanco. Social community in MOOCs. Proceedings of the second international conference on Human-agent interaction. 2014; ():147-154.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMargarita Martinez-Nuñez; Oriol Borras-Gene; Ángel Fidalgo Blanco. 2014. "Social community in MOOCs." Proceedings of the second international conference on Human-agent interaction , no. : 147-154.
Soil erosion is one of the most important factors in land degradation and influences desertification worldwide. In 2001, the Spanish Ministry of the Environment launched the ‘National Inventory of Soil Erosion (INES) 2002–2012’ to study the process of soil erosion in Spain. The aim of the current article is to assess the usefulness of this National Inventory as an instrument of control, measurement and monitoring of soil erosion in Spain. The methodology and main features of this National Inventory are described in detail. The results achieved as of the end of May 2010 are presented, together with an explanation of the utility of the Inventory as a tool for planning forest hydrologic restoration, soil protection, erosion control, and protection against desertification. Finally, the authors make a comparative analysis of similar initiatives for assessing soil erosion in other countries at the national and European levels.
Luis Martín-Fernández; Margarita Martínez-Núñez. An empirical approach to estimate soil erosion risk in Spain. Science of The Total Environment 2011, 409, 3114 -3123.
AMA StyleLuis Martín-Fernández, Margarita Martínez-Núñez. An empirical approach to estimate soil erosion risk in Spain. Science of The Total Environment. 2011; 409 (17):3114-3123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Martín-Fernández; Margarita Martínez-Núñez. 2011. "An empirical approach to estimate soil erosion risk in Spain." Science of The Total Environment 409, no. 17: 3114-3123.
Luis Diaz-Balteiro; A. Casimiro Herruzo; Margarita Martinez-Nuñez; Jacinto Gonzalez-Pachon. An analysis of productive efficiency and innovation activity using DEA: An application to Spain's wood-based industry. Forest Policy and Economics 2006, 8, 762 -773.
AMA StyleLuis Diaz-Balteiro, A. Casimiro Herruzo, Margarita Martinez-Nuñez, Jacinto Gonzalez-Pachon. An analysis of productive efficiency and innovation activity using DEA: An application to Spain's wood-based industry. Forest Policy and Economics. 2006; 8 (7):762-773.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Diaz-Balteiro; A. Casimiro Herruzo; Margarita Martinez-Nuñez; Jacinto Gonzalez-Pachon. 2006. "An analysis of productive efficiency and innovation activity using DEA: An application to Spain's wood-based industry." Forest Policy and Economics 8, no. 7: 762-773.