The objective of this work was to study the effect of different concentrations of inulin (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%) on the viability of probiotic bacteria (Bifidobacterium bifidum) and sensory characteristics of probiotic yogurt. The yogurt was manufactured with Lactobacillus delbruckii ssp. bulgaricus (Lb), Streptococcus thermophilus (St), and Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bb). Raw milk was received, heated to 90°C, and divided into 4 aliquots portions. All portions were inoculated with 5.11 log cfu of Lb and St combined and 5 log cfu of Bb per kg of milk. The first portion was utilized as control (T1) while 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% of inulin were added to the second (T2), third (T3), and fourth (T4) portions, respectively. All treatments were incubated at 40°C until a pH of 4.6 was reached. Subsequently, the yogurt was cooled and stored at 4°C for 16 days. Titratable acidity, total bacterial count (TBC), Bb count, yeast count, mold count, and sensory evaluation were determined during the storage. The results showed that the addition of inulin and the storage period have significant effects (p < .05) on the titratable acidity of the yogurt. The storage of control was ended after 8 days at 4°C due to the growth of molds on the surface of the samples. The TBC decreased (p < .05) over time in control from 8.28 to 7.97 log cfu/g. It was also decreased (p < .05) with increasing the concentration of inulin. However, the addition of inulin increased (p < .05) the viability of Bb during the storage, as well as, acted as an antimicrobial against molds in T2, T3, and T4. Additionally, there were no significant differences (p > .05) in the sensory evaluation of all treatments. We conclude that inulin can be utilized in the manufacturing of probiotic yogurt as a prebiotic, which, inturn, enhances the growth of Bb and increase the shelf‐life.

The demand for low- and non-fat products has recently increased due to the health problems, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, that have resulted from high-fat products. However, the reduction in fat can affect the quality of products adversely. The objective of this work was to explore the potential of whey protein isolate (WPI) in improving the quality of non-fat yogurt prepared using skim milk powder (SMP). Yogurt mixes (standardized at 14% total solids) were formulated using SMP as a milk base enriched with WPI. The SMP was replaced by WPI in the yogurt mixes at a rate of 3, 5, 7, and 9%. Full-fat and non-fat set-style yogurts were prepared from whole milk and skim milk, respectively, as controls. Yogurts were fermented at 43 °C to get a pH of 4.6 and stored at 4 °C for the next day. The texture, microstructure, rheological characteristics, and sensory properties of the yogurt samples were studied. The incorporation of WPI increased the water holding capacity to 50% as compared to the non-fat control. This improved the rheological properties while the yogurt viscosity increased in direct proportion with increasing the WPI. The firmness of yogurt was inversely proportional to the increase in WPI, which resulted in 180 g firmness when 9% WPI was added to the non-fat yogurt formulations. Yogurts’ microstructure improved by the addition of WPI. The non-fat yogurt incorporated with 3 and 7% WPI had comparable sensory and textural characteristics to the full-fat yogurt. WPI can be used as a fat replacer to develop low-fat yogurt with desired features. WPI may be a natural and economical ingredient for producing low- and non-fat fermented dairy food products.

Camel’s milk is one of the most useful types of milk. Camel’s milk is a white liquid, made up of a combination of emulsified fatty globules mixed with aqueous liquid. Several investigations have shown that camel’s milk is able to treat many diseases even chronic diseases. It also proved that it contains a group of natural elements and compounds that have the special therapeutic ability in internal diseases. This work is aim to highlight and review the chemical composition of camel’s milk and its therapeutic benefits, such as diabetes, diarrhea, food allergies, autism, cancer, chronic hepatitis, and cardiovascular diseases.