The chemistry of heterocyclic compounds has traditionally been and remains a bright area of chemical science in Russia. This is due to the fact that many heterocycles find the widest application. These compounds are the key structural fragments of most drugs, plant protection agents. Many natural compounds are also derivatives of heterocycles. At present, more than half of the hundreds of millions of known chemical compounds are heterocycles. This collective review is devoted to the achievements of Russian chemists in this field over the last 15–20 years. The review presents the achievements of leading heterocyclists representing both RAS institutes and university science. It is worth noting the wide scope of the review, both in terms of the geography of author teams, covering the whole of our large country, and in terms of the diversity of research areas. Practically all major types of heterocycles are represented in the review. The special attention is focused on the practical applications of heterocycles in the design of new drugs and biologically active compounds, high-energy molecules, materials for organic electronics and photovoltaics, new ligands for coordination chemistry, and many other rapidly developing areas. These practical advances would not be possible without the development of new fundamental transformations in heterocyclic chemistry. Bibliography — 2237 references.

Published data on ring opening reactions of nitrogen-containing cyclic compounds resulting in various acyclic products are integrated and systematized. The reactions of common five-, six- and seven-membered nitrogen heterocycles containing one to four nitrogen atoms in the ring and having various structures (mononuclear, polynuclear, fused, saturated, unsaturated and aromatic) are considered. Special emphasis is made on the potential of nitrogen heterocycles for the synthesis of polyfunctional open-chain compounds. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed approaches are noted. Data on the biological activities of some ring opening products of the title heterocycles are presented. The text is arranged according to the type of reagents and catalysts used.The bibliography includes 196 references.

A library of novel 2-(het)arylpyrrolidine-1-carboxamides were obtained via a modular approach based on the intramolecular cyclization/Mannich-type reaction of N-(4,4-diethoxybutyl)ureas. Their anti-cancer activities both in vitro and in vivo were tested. The in vitro activity of some compounds towards M-Hela tumor cell lines was twice that of the reference drug tamoxifen, whereas cytotoxicity towards normal Chang liver cell did not exceed the tamoxifen toxicity. In vivo studies showed that the number of surviving animals on day 60 of observation was up to 83% and increased life span (ILS) was up to 447%. Additionally, some pyrrolidine-1-carboxamides possessing a benzofuroxan moiety obtained were found to effectively suppress bacterial biofilm growth. Thus, these compounds are promising candidates for further development both as anti-cancer and anti-bacterial agents.

In this article, a novel tandem reaction, which transforms N-(4,4-diethoxybutyl)imines into 3-arylidene-1-pyrrolines, is described. The substrate scope of the starting acetals includes arenes with electron-donating and withdrawing groups. The X-ray study of products confirmed the E-stereochemistry of the double bonds formed. The best yields (99%) are found in boiling xylene in the presence of TsOH (or 2-nitroresocinol) during 40 (50) hours. The study of substituents effect on the course of the reaction revealed that cascade process takes place, combining acid-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of N-(4,4-diethoxybutyl)imines and unusual 1,3-sigmatropic shift of the aryl fragment. Cyclic imines that are formed in high/excellent yields are of interest both from the viewpoint of their biological activity and synthetic usefulness.