Maritime networks are one of the most important types of transportation networks in international logistics and it accounts for 90% of the global trade volume. However, the structure of maritime networks is severely impacted by tropical cyclones, especially the maritime network in the Northwest Pacific and the northern Indian Ocean. This paper investigates the vulnerability of the maritime network in the Northwest Pacific and the northern Indian Ocean to the influence of tropical cyclones through removing ports at high or very high tropical cyclones hazard levels and analyzing how the network structure characteristics change from a complex network point of view. From the results, we find that this maritime network is a small-world network and the degree distribution of ports follows a power law distribution. The ports in East Asia are impacted more severely by the tropical cyclones. Moreover, this maritime network exhibits some vulnerability to tropical cyclones. However, the interconnection of the survived ports is not severely impacted, when the network is attacked by tropical cyclones. The port system in the Philippines is most vulnerable to the influence of tropical cyclones, followed by the ports systems in Japan and China. The paper also shows that it is important for studies of maritime network vulnerability to identify the ports that are both important to the regional and cross-regional logistics and severely impacted by natural hazards. The findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the port layout and improving the ability of the network to resist damage caused by tropical cyclones.

Currently, an urban agglomeration is a trend in global urbanization. With the continuous development of urban agglomerations, Chinese urban agglomerations have entered an era of high-quality development. Improving the economic efficiency of built-up land (EEBL) and maintaining a good ecological environment are important for promoting the high-quality development of urban agglomerations. Urban heat islands (UHIs) are one of the major ecological environmental problems affecting urban agglomerations. Therefore, it is meaningful to investigate the influence of the EEBL on UHIs in urban agglomerations. Based on the land-use data, MODIS land surface temperature (LST) data and gross domestic product (GDP) in the secondary and tertiary industries from 2000 to 2018, and electric power consumption data in 2018, this paper analyzed the influence of the EEBL on the surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRDUA). The results showed that most of cites in the YRDUA experienced rapid EEBL growth and a significant increase in heat island intensity from 2000 to 2018. There has been a significant positive correlation between the EEBL and the SUHII over the years, among which the EEBL had the strongest correlation (R = 0.76, p < 0.01) with the SUHII in 2000. Moreover, among the 27 cities in the YRDUA, 21 cities showed a significant uptrend of the SUHII with rising EEBL and the uptrend was significantly and negatively correlated with the electric power utilization efficiency (EPUE) of the secondary and tertiary industries (R = −0.6, p < 0.01). These results indicated that the EEBL of the secondary and tertiary industries had a significant influence on UHIs, which also reflected the significant influence of anthropogenic heat on UHIs to a certain extent. The findings of this paper can provide a scientific basis for mitigating the UHIs caused by the rapid economic development and promoting the high-quality development of urban agglomerations.

Major function-oriented zone (MFOZ) planning is an important blueprint for the spatial development and protection of the Chinese national territory. The “Three Zone Space” (TZS) perspective, including agricultural space, ecological space, and urban space, is an important principle and method for the transformation and diffusion of MFOZ planning to implement territory planning from the central government to local branches. More than ten years have passed since the release of the MFOZ plan in 2010 in China, but there is still a lack of comprehensive and systematic analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the TZS under the impact of MFOZ planning. Therefore, based on high-resolution remote sensing land use data from 2010 to 2020, this paper systematically analyzes the changing characteristics of the TZS on the national scale by reasonably determining TZS areas in China. The main results are as follows: in 2020, the proportions of ecological space, agricultural space, and urban space in China were 78.635%, 20.083%, and 1.282%, respectively. The TZS areas reflected the spatial pattern of MFOZs in China. From 2010 to 2020, the spatial heterogeneity of the TZS changes was significant. In China, agricultural space and ecological space as a whole showed a decreasing trend, with dynamic degrees of −0.05% and −0.04%, respectively, while urban space showed a significant expansion trend, with a dynamic degree of 4.69%. The temporal change processes of the TZS in the periods of 2010–2015 and 2015–2020 were noticeably different. The agricultural space first showed an increasing trend and then a decreasing trend. The ecological space showed a decreasing trend in the two periods, while the urban space showed a significant expansion trend in the two periods. From 2010 to 2020, the urban spatial structure of the optimized development zones tended to be stable, and the ecological space reduction in the key ecological function zones has gradually been curbed, but the agricultural space in the main agricultural production zones has shown a slight decline. On the whole, the dynamic changes in the TZS from 2010 to 2020 in China are basically in line with the governance objectives of territorial space. The reasonable allocation and development of the “three zone space” is of great significance for protecting the natural and ecological environment.

The accurate evaluation of shoreline movement is a crucial aspect for managing highly dynamic coasts. This study employed Landsat TM and OLI data through the Digital Shoreline Analysis System model to quantify changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of Tianjin’s coastline from 1985 to 2020. The results showed that the coastline length (CL) increased by 178 km and 151% over the past 36 years, with an average increase of 5.1 km/a. Accretion and erosion processes along the entire coast were observed at rates of 83.9% and 16.1%, respectively. Notably, the Tianjin Port Area and Nangang Industrial Zone showed remarkable changes in the shoreline in 2009. Night lights (NL) were used to display the intensity of human activity in this area, and the spatial heterogeneity of night light intensity was significant. Compared to the total night light (TNL) in 1985, it increased by 116% in 2020. The relationship between TNL and CL was then established and displayed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.91). With the increasing total night light, the growth of the CL presented changes with an initial slow increase, then rapid increase, and finally slow increase. In the second phase of TNL, the CL experienced a considerable increase due to anthropogenic activities such as land reclamation and port construction, fueled primarily by government policies during the period of 2005–2013. Subsequently, there was little change in the coastline. These findings provide valuable insights into spatiotemporal coastline monitoring programs and sustainable coastal management.