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Mengmeng Li
College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China

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Journal article
Published: 20 September 2020 in Toxins
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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most commonly found mycotoxin in corn, which is highly toxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic for the health of humans and animals. In order to reduce the AFB1 in corn, corn kernels were processed with Water-assisted Microwaves Treatment (WMT) and the feasibility of WMT processing on AFB1 reduction and its effects on corn quality were analyzed. Increasing the treatment time and microwave power could increase the reduction of AFB1, and the maximum reduction rate could reach 58.6% and 56.8%, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the initial concentration of AFB1 and the reduction rate of AFB1. During WMT, the main toxigenic molds were sterilized completely, and the moisture content of corn climbed up and then declined to the initial level. WMT could obviously increase the fatty acid value and pasting temperature of corn and reduce the all paste viscosity of corn. However, it had little effect on the color of corn. The results indicated that WMT could reduce AFB1 effectively and avoid the vast appearance of heat-damaged kernels simultaneously. Undoubtedly, water played an important role in WMT. This result provides a new idea for the reduction of AFB1 by microwave.

ACS Style

Yaolei Zhang; Mengmeng Li; Yuanxiao Liu; Erqi Guan; Ke Bian. Reduction of Aflatoxin B1 in Corn by Water-Assisted Microwaves Treatment and Its Effects on Corn Quality. Toxins 2020, 12, 605 .

AMA Style

Yaolei Zhang, Mengmeng Li, Yuanxiao Liu, Erqi Guan, Ke Bian. Reduction of Aflatoxin B1 in Corn by Water-Assisted Microwaves Treatment and Its Effects on Corn Quality. Toxins. 2020; 12 (9):605.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yaolei Zhang; Mengmeng Li; Yuanxiao Liu; Erqi Guan; Ke Bian. 2020. "Reduction of Aflatoxin B1 in Corn by Water-Assisted Microwaves Treatment and Its Effects on Corn Quality." Toxins 12, no. 9: 605.

Journal article
Published: 12 September 2019 in Toxins
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Ultrasound is an emerging decontamination technology with potential use in the global food processing industry. In the present study, we explored power ultrasound for processing aqueous aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). AFB1 was degraded by 85.1% after 80 min of ultrasound exposure. The reaction products of AFB1 were identified and their molecular formulae elucidated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Eight main reaction products were found, and their structures were clarified by parental ion fragmentation. Two degradation pathways were proposed according to the degradation product structures: One involved the addition of H• and OH• radicals, whereas the other involved H2O2 epoxidation and H•, OH•, and H2O2 oxidation of AFB1. Ultrasound treatment significantly reduced AFB1 bioactivity and toxicity by disrupting the C8=C9 double bond in the furan ring and modifying the lactone ring and methoxy group.

ACS Style

Yuanfang Liu; Mengmeng Li; Yuanxiao Liu; Ke Bian. Structures of Reaction Products and Degradation Pathways of Aflatoxin B1 by Ultrasound Treatment. Toxins 2019, 11, 526 .

AMA Style

Yuanfang Liu, Mengmeng Li, Yuanxiao Liu, Ke Bian. Structures of Reaction Products and Degradation Pathways of Aflatoxin B1 by Ultrasound Treatment. Toxins. 2019; 11 (9):526.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuanfang Liu; Mengmeng Li; Yuanxiao Liu; Ke Bian. 2019. "Structures of Reaction Products and Degradation Pathways of Aflatoxin B1 by Ultrasound Treatment." Toxins 11, no. 9: 526.

Journal article
Published: 15 August 2019 in Toxins
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Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) or scab is a fungal disease of cereal grains. Wheat scab affects the yield and quality of wheat and produces mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON), which can seriously threaten human and animal health. In this study, gaseous ozone was used to degrade DON in wheat scab and the degradation products of ozonolysis were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC Q-Orbitrap). Toxicology analyses of the degradation products were also studied using structure-activity relationships. Ozone (8 mg L-1 concentration) was applied to 2 μg mL-1 of DON in ultrapure water, resulted in 95.68% degradation within 15 s. Ten ozonized products of DON in ultrapure water were analyzed and six main products (C15H18O7, C15H18O9, C15H22O9, C15H20O10, C15H18O8, and C15H20O9) were analyzed at varying concentrations of ozone and DON. Structural formulae were assigned to fragmentation products generated by MS2 and Mass Frontier® software. According to structure-activity relationship studies, the toxicities of the ozonized products were significantly decreased due to de-epoxidation and the attack of ozone at the C9-10 double bond in DON. Based on the results of the study above, we can find that gaseous ozone is an efficient and safe technology to degrade DON, and these results may provide a theoretical basis for the practical research of detoxifying DON in scabby wheat and other grains.

ACS Style

Mengmeng Li; Erqi Guan; Ke Bian. Structure Elucidation and Toxicity Analysis of the Degradation Products of Deoxynivalenol by Gaseous Ozone. Toxins 2019, 11, 474 .

AMA Style

Mengmeng Li, Erqi Guan, Ke Bian. Structure Elucidation and Toxicity Analysis of the Degradation Products of Deoxynivalenol by Gaseous Ozone. Toxins. 2019; 11 (8):474.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mengmeng Li; Erqi Guan; Ke Bian. 2019. "Structure Elucidation and Toxicity Analysis of the Degradation Products of Deoxynivalenol by Gaseous Ozone." Toxins 11, no. 8: 474.

Journal article
Published: 16 July 2019 in Toxins
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Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most commonly found mycotoxin in scabbed wheat. In order to reduce the DON concentration in scabbed wheat with superheated steam (SS) and explore the feasibility to use the processed wheat as crisp biscuit materials, wheat kernels were treated with SS to study the effects of SS processing on DON concentration and the quality of wheat. Furthermore, the wheat treated with SS were used to make crisp biscuits and the texture qualities of biscuits were measured. The results showed that DON in wheat kernels could be reduced by SS effectively. Besides, the reduction rate raised significantly with the increase of steam temperature and processing time and it was also affected significantly by steam velocity. The reduction rate in wheat kernels and wheat flour could reach 77.4% and 60.5% respectively. In addition, SS processing might lead to partial denaturation of protein and partial gelatinization of starch, thus affecting the rheological properties of dough and pasting properties of wheat flour. Furthermore, the qualities of crisp biscuits were improved at certain conditions of SS processing.

ACS Style

Yuanxiao Liu; Mengmeng Li; Ke Bian; Erqi Guan; Yuanfang Liu; Ying Lu. Reduction of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat with Superheated Steam and Its Effects on Wheat Quality. Toxins 2019, 11, 414 .

AMA Style

Yuanxiao Liu, Mengmeng Li, Ke Bian, Erqi Guan, Yuanfang Liu, Ying Lu. Reduction of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat with Superheated Steam and Its Effects on Wheat Quality. Toxins. 2019; 11 (7):414.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuanxiao Liu; Mengmeng Li; Ke Bian; Erqi Guan; Yuanfang Liu; Ying Lu. 2019. "Reduction of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat with Superheated Steam and Its Effects on Wheat Quality." Toxins 11, no. 7: 414.