Background: Patient quality of life is widely used as a non-clinical determinant of care. For patients undergoing hemodialysis, vascular access is vital to the delivery of hemodialysis and its function may affect not only the clinical outcome of treatment but also the overall quality of life of the patient, highlighting the need for increased efforts to improve the quality of hemodialysis vascular access care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between vascular access perception and quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: A total of 202 patients with active hemodialysis vascular access were included in the study. Quality of life was assessed using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Instrument (KDQOL™) questionnaire, while vascular access perception was evaluated using the Vascular Access Questionnaire (VAQ). Results: The study presented evidence on the influence of vascular access for hemodialysis patients on their quality of life. This impact is related to factors directly associated with vascular access, such as the type of access and the patient’s subjective evaluation of the access. Conclusions: The perception of vascular access is one of the factors that determines the quality of life of hemodialysis patients. The quality of life of hemodialysis patients decreases as the number of vascular access-related problems increases.

All methods of breast cancer treatment may potentially lead to breast deformities, which are often associated with the reduced mental well-being of patients. Breast conserving therapy (BCT) is commonly used, and its core element is breast conserving surgery (BCS).The aim of this study was to determine the level of satisfaction with the aesthetic outcome of surgery and quality of life (QoL) of breast cancer patients undergoing BCT in a longitudinal study performed three months, six months and 12 months after surgery. This longitudinal observational study was carried out on a group of 91 women. The Breast-Q^TM BCT 1.0 questionnaire was used in this study. Before surgery, patients assessed their satisfaction with the appearance of their breasts (SwB) at an average level of M = 56.0. Satisfaction with the aesthetic outcome (SwO) of BCS was highest among all patients three months after surgery (M = 63.0). The mean score in the sub-scale of psychosocial well-being (Psycho-soc W-B) before surgery was M = 62.0, while in the subsequent periods of the study, it was higher. The mean score for physical well-being (Physical W-B) before surgery was M = 69.92; and in the subsequent study periods, it was lower. The level of patient satisfaction with the outcome of the surgery and the QoL related to health do not differ significantly in post-operative observation. QoL in terms of psychosocial functioning in patients undergoing BCT is significantly higher 12 months after surgery compared to the pre-operative period. Patient satisfaction with the BCS aesthetic outcome is positively related to the evaluation of QoL in terms of psychosocial functioning.

Objective: The article aims to assess the role of stress and anxiety in relation to the level of emotional control among cancer patients. Currently cancer ranks second, after cardiovascular disease, as the most common cause of death. Moreover, it is predicted that in the coming years, cancer will become the leading cause of death worldwide. This is due to the extended lifespan of the population and also to the presence of carcinogenic factors in the surrounding environment. The emergence of cancer is a significant stressor that affects individuals in diverse ways, leading to cognitive, behavioral, and emotional consequences. In line with the adopted aim, emotional issues are the chosen area of exploration in this article.Methods: The study included 102 patients. The differences between the patients' results according to various scales and the results produced by the validation group data were examined using one‐sample t‐tests. The relationships between the quantitative variables were determined using Spearman's rho coefficients, and the relationships between the quantitative and qualitative variables were verified using Kruskal‐Wallis tests.Results: The participants exhibited higher anxiety suppression levels than individuals in the normalization group. They sought emotional support more frequently than the average person in the population, turned to religion, engaged in other such activities, lived in denial more often, discontinued activities, and displayed a sense of humor less frequently. The more frequently they controlled their anger, the less they sought emotional and instrumental support, catharsis, and attempted to accept the situation and cease being active. Additionally, controlling anxiety, sadness, and depression coexisted with self‐blame, denial, and compensatory actions.Conclusions: Cancer patients face intense anxiety. Emotional and instrumental support, along with the ability to express and manage emotions, are crucial for these patients, especially within the context of facing the challenge of cancer. Finding constructive ways to express strong and difficult emotions prevents their accumulation and reduces the need for emotional suppression. Preventive actions should be oriented toward supporting the emotional competencies of patients.

Background: Stress, anxiety and depression are phenomena that often accompany the onset of chronic illness. The development of psychosomatic medicine has led to the study of the influence of other emotional factors, including the presence of anxiety and depression, on a patient’s health status, in addition to quality of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between vascular access function and the occurrence of stress, anxiety and depression in haemodialysis patients. Methods: A total of 202 haemodialysis patients were included in the analysis, and the severity of vascular access problems and levels of negative emotions (feelings of stress, anxiety, depression) were assessed using standardised questionnaires (VAQ, HADS-M, PSS-10). Results: The results show that an increase in vascular access function problems correlated with increased levels of stress (r = 0.262; p < 0.001), anxiety (r = 0.456; p < 0.001) and depression (r = 0.391; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The study confirms the significant impact of vascular access quality on patients’ emotional state, highlighting the need to monitor and optimise its functioning to improve the psychological well-being of dialysis patients.

Introduction. Stress can be defined as a physiological and psychic response to external stimuli (stressors) or as a relationship between the body and the environment that can affect the body in a negative, positive or neutral way. Aim. The aim of this paper was to investigate the causes of stress among students, and to identify methods of coping with it in relation to sociodemographic determinants. Material and methods. The number of 117 nursing students were examined using two standardized tools: Distress Thermometer and Mini Cope Sheet. Results. Intensity of stress among nursing students amounted to 6.3, which was higher than the average. The causes of stress included: worrying, anxiety, fatigue, work, school. The most frequently chosen strategies for coping with stress are active coping, seeking emotional and instrumental support. Conclusions. 1)Intensity of stress among nursing students was higher than the average and was equal to 6.3. 2) Students chose constructive methods of coping with it, i.e. active coping, trying to overcome the situation, searching for emotional and instrumental support. 3) The age of the respondents impacted the choice of the strategy of „cessation of activities” and the cause of stress – „relationship with a partner” and marital status correlated with occurrence of symptom of stress - „diarrhea”.

Łuczyk Robert, Juśko Aneta, Łuczyk Marta, Krzyżanowska Ewa, Plottke Agnieszka. Akceptacja choroby w grupie pacjentów z rozpoznaną dusznicą bolesną niestabilną = Acceptance of the disease in patients with a diagnosis of unstable angina. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(7):453-470. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.58612 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3709 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.06.2016. Revised 09.07.2016. Accepted: 25.07.2016. Akceptacja choroby w grupie pacjentów z rozpoznaną dusznicą bolesną niestabilną Acceptance of the disease in patients with a diagnosis of unstable angina Robert Łuczyk1, Aneta Juśko3, Marta Łuczyk2, Ewa Krzyżanowska1, Agnieszka Plottke 1Katedra Interny z Zakładem Pielęgniarstwa Internistycznego, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie 1Department of Internal Medicine with the Department of Internal Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin 2Katedra Onkologii i Środowiskowej Opieki Zdrowotnej, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie 2Department of Oncology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin 3Absolwentka Wydziału Nauk o Zdrowiu Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie 3A graduate of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin Streszczenie Wstęp. Niestabilna dusznica bolesna należąca do ostrych zespołów wieńcowych jest wynikiem zaostrzenia przebiegu choroby i stanowi zagrożenie dla życia pacjenta, ponieważ postępujące niedokrwienie mięśnia sercowego może powodować zawał serca i nagły zgon [15, 16, 17]. Zaakceptowanie choroby niesie za sobą wiele korzyści, które w rezultacie poprawiają przebieg choroby i dalsze rokowanie [18]. Celem pracy była ocena akceptacji choroby w grupie pacjentów z niestabilną dusznicą bolesną. Materiał i metoda. Badania przeprowadzono w grupie 200 osób w różnym wieku, różnej płci, niezależnie od miejsca zamieszkania i poziomu wykształcenia z rozpoznaną niestabilną dusznicą bolesną. W badaniach wykorzystano Skalę Akceptacji Choroby (ang. Acceptance of Illness Scale, AIS) – która służy do oceny stopnia akceptacji wśród osób dorosłych i aktualnie chorych. Wyniki badań. 1. Wśród pacjentów z niestabilną dusznicą bolesną występuje średni poziom akceptacji choroby. 2. Wraz z wiekiem zmniejsza się poziom akceptacji choroby. 3. Stwierdzono, iż osoby z wyższym wykształceniem wykazują wyższy poziom akceptacji choroby. 4. Pacjenci aktywni zawodowo mają wyższy poziom akceptacji choroby, niż osoby bezrobotne, bądź przebywające na rencie lub emeryturze. 5. Osoby, które są w związku małżeńskim bardziej akceptują chorobę w porównaniu do osób owdowiałych czy będących w stanie wolnym. 6. Dłuższy czas trwania choroby wpływa na obniżenie poziomu akceptacji choroby. 7. Częstsze hospitalizacje pacjentów z niestabilną dusznicą bolesną wpływają na obniżenie poziomu akceptacji choroby. Summary Admission. Unstable angina belongs to the acute coronary syndrome is the result of an exacerbation of the disease and a threat to the life of the patient, because the progressive myocardial ischemia can cause heart attacks and sudden death [15, 16, 17]. Accepting the disease brings a lot of benefits that result in improved disease prognosis and further [18]. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability of the disease in patients with unstable angina. Material and methods. The study was conducted among 200 people of different ages, different sexes, irrespective of the place of residence and level of education with a diagnosis of unstable angina. The study used Acceptance of Illness Scale (Eng. Acceptance of Illness Scale, AIS) - which is used to assess the degree of acceptance among adults and currently sick. Findings. 1. Among patients with unstable angina is the average level of acceptance of the disease. 2. With age decreases the level of acceptance of the disease. 3. It was found that people with higher education show a higher level of acceptance of the disease. 4. Patients economically active have a higher level of acceptance of...