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Dr. Junhong Bai
School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

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0 Heavy Metals
0 Microbial Ecology
0 Wetland Restoration
0 Wetland ecology
0 carbon cycling

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Journal article
Published: 19 May 2021 in Environmental Pollution
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Coastal wetland soils serve as a great C sink or source, which highly depends on soil carbon flux affected by complex hydrology in relation to salinity. We conducted a field experiment to investigate soil respiration of three coastal wetlands with different land covers (BL: bare land; SS: Suaeda salsa; PL: Phragmites australis) from May to October in 2012 and 2013 under three groundwater tables (deeper, medium, and shallower water tables) in the Yellow River Delta of China, and to characterize the spatial and temporal changes and the primary environmental drivers of soil respiration in coastal wetlands. Our results showed that the elevated groundwater table decreased soil CO2 emissions, and the soil respiration rates at each groundwater table exhibited seasonal and diurnal dynamics, where significant differences were observed among coastal wetlands with different groundwater tables (p < 0.05), with the average CO2 emission of 146.52 ± 13.66 μmol m−2s−1 for deeper water table wetlands, 105.09 ± 13.48 μmol m−2s−1 for medium water table wetlands and 54.32 ± 10.02 μmol m−2s−1 for shallower water table wetlands. Compared with bare land and Suaeda salsa wetlands, higher soil respiration was observed in Phragmites australis wetlands. Generally, soil respiration was greatly affected by salinity and soil water content. There were significant correlations between groundwater tables, electrical conductivity and soil respiration (p < 0.05), indicating that soil respiration in coastal wetlands was limited by electrical conductivity and groundwater tables and soil C sink might be improved by regulating water and salt conditions. We have also observed that soil respiration and temperature showed an exponential relationship on a seasonal scale. Taking into consideration the changes in groundwater tables and salinity that might be caused by sea level rise in the context of global warming, we emphasize the importance of groundwater level and salinity in the carbon cycle process of estuarine wetlands in the future.

ACS Style

Hao Cui; Junhong Bai; Shudong Du; Junjing Wang; Ghemelee Nitta Keculah; Wei Wang; Guangliang Zhang; Jia Jia. Interactive effects of groundwater level and salinity on soil respiration in coastal wetlands of a Chinese delta. Environmental Pollution 2021, 286, 117400 .

AMA Style

Hao Cui, Junhong Bai, Shudong Du, Junjing Wang, Ghemelee Nitta Keculah, Wei Wang, Guangliang Zhang, Jia Jia. Interactive effects of groundwater level and salinity on soil respiration in coastal wetlands of a Chinese delta. Environmental Pollution. 2021; 286 ():117400.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao Cui; Junhong Bai; Shudong Du; Junjing Wang; Ghemelee Nitta Keculah; Wei Wang; Guangliang Zhang; Jia Jia. 2021. "Interactive effects of groundwater level and salinity on soil respiration in coastal wetlands of a Chinese delta." Environmental Pollution 286, no. : 117400.

Review
Published: 18 May 2021 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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To maintain and increase crop yields, large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers have been applied to farmland. However, the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of chemical fertilizer remains very low, which may lead to serious environmental problems, including nitrate pollution, air quality degradation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Nitrification inhibitors can alleviate nitrogen loss by inhibiting nitrification; thus, biological nitrification inhibition by plants has gradually attracted increasing attention due to its low cost and environmental friendliness. Research progress on BNI is reviewed in this article, including the source, mechanisms, influencing factors and application of BNIs. In addition, the impact of BNI on agriculture and GHG emissions is summarized from the perspective of agricultural production and environmental protection, and the key future research prospects of BNIs are also noted.

ACS Style

Xin Wang; Junhong Bai; Tian Xie; Wei Wang; Guangliang Zhang; Shuo Yin; Dawei Wang. Effects of biological nitrification inhibitors on nitrogen use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural soils: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2021, 220, 112338 .

AMA Style

Xin Wang, Junhong Bai, Tian Xie, Wei Wang, Guangliang Zhang, Shuo Yin, Dawei Wang. Effects of biological nitrification inhibitors on nitrogen use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural soils: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2021; 220 ():112338.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xin Wang; Junhong Bai; Tian Xie; Wei Wang; Guangliang Zhang; Shuo Yin; Dawei Wang. 2021. "Effects of biological nitrification inhibitors on nitrogen use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural soils: A review." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 220, no. : 112338.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2021 in Chemosphere
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Improving accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) by plants is an important pathway for constructed wetland (CW) to alleviate the environmental risks caused by their release. This study aims to regulate HMs (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd) accumulated by Acorus calamus L. in the sandy substrate CW with different nitrogen forms, including ammonia (NH4+), nitrate (NO3‾), and NH4+/NO3‾ (1:1) in synthetic tailwaters. In general, the removal efficiency of HMs by CW could reach 92.4% under the initial concentrations below 500 μg/L. Accumulation percentages of HMs in the shoots and roots of plants in CW with NH4+ and NH4+/NO3‾ influents increased by 52–395% and 15–101%, respectively, when compared with that of NO3‾ treatment. Influents with NH4+ promoted plant growth of Acorus calamus L. and metabolic functions, such as carbohydrate metabolism/amino acid metabolism, related to HMs mobilization of rhizosphere bacterial communities, which might induce more organic acids and amino acids secreted by plants and microbes during their metabolic processes. These are the main reasons for the enhancive mobilization of HMs from their precipitation fractions and their uptake by plants in CW with NH4+ treatments. Moreover, the enhancement of organics secreted from plants and microbes also led to the high denitrification efficiency and nitrogen removal in CW. Overall, this study could provide a feasible method for the enhancive accumulation of HMs by wetland plants via the regulation water treatment process to appropriately increase NH4+ for CW.

ACS Style

Jun-Feng Wang; Cong-Yun Zhu; Bai-Sha Weng; Pei-Wen Mo; Zi-Jie Xu; Ping Tian; Bao-Shan Cui; Jun-Hong Bai. Regulation of heavy metals accumulated by Acorus calamus L. in constructed wetland through different nitrogen forms. Chemosphere 2021, 281, 130773 .

AMA Style

Jun-Feng Wang, Cong-Yun Zhu, Bai-Sha Weng, Pei-Wen Mo, Zi-Jie Xu, Ping Tian, Bao-Shan Cui, Jun-Hong Bai. Regulation of heavy metals accumulated by Acorus calamus L. in constructed wetland through different nitrogen forms. Chemosphere. 2021; 281 ():130773.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jun-Feng Wang; Cong-Yun Zhu; Bai-Sha Weng; Pei-Wen Mo; Zi-Jie Xu; Ping Tian; Bao-Shan Cui; Jun-Hong Bai. 2021. "Regulation of heavy metals accumulated by Acorus calamus L. in constructed wetland through different nitrogen forms." Chemosphere 281, no. : 130773.

Research article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Journal of Applied Ecology
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1. Designing effective restoration strategies is a priority in recovering salt marsh plants. Hydrological connectivity is a main driver underpinning the success of the plant recovery process and can regulate life history process‐based restoration strategies. However, the relationship between these is unclear. 2. Plant recovery needs to go through a whole life history process, from seed to adult. Common restoration strategies are seed addition (SA) or seedling transplantation (ST), which start from seed germination and seedling growth stage. Besides these two strategies, another strategy starting from seed retention stage, microtopographic adjustment (MA), were designed to study the relationship with hydrological connectivity. A framework was also constructed to assess a gradient of hydrological connectivity between marsh plain and sea. We conducted several field experiments to test their relationships. 3. The composite measurement of hydrological connectivity with five geomorphic variables can well represent the variation of environmental factors. Soil moisture, inundation frequency and sediment deposition were positively correlated, while soil salinity and hardness were negatively correlated with hydrological connectivity. 4. The success of different restoration strategies varied with hydrological connectivity. MA showed a monotone decreasing trend, while SA and ST showed a unimodal trend as hydrological connectivity incrased. Importantly, each strategy occupies a non‐overlapping optimum range along the hydrological connectivity gradient. There is low hydrological connectivity for MA (0 – 0.28), middle hydrological connectivity for SA (0.28 – 0.55) and high hydrological connectivity for ST (0.55 – 1). 5. Synthesis and applications. Our findings expand the quantification of the hydrological environment beyond elevation, distance or other single index to include a range of elements of hydrological connectivity, thus illustrating the underlying mechanisms of hydrological connectivity which regulate restoration strategies based on different life stages. The results provide a reliable framework to assess hydrological connectivity and offer guidance to select the optimum restoration strategy under different hydrological connectivities or to regulate the hydrological connectivity variables (topography on marsh plain and morphology of tidal creeks) to relief stresses. These findings will be beneficial to ecological restoration and coastal management

ACS Style

Qing Wang; Tian Xie; Meng Luo; Junhong Bai; Cong Chen; Zhonghua Ning; Baoshan Cui. How hydrological connectivity regulates the plant recovery process in salt marshes. Journal of Applied Ecology 2021, 58, 1314 -1324.

AMA Style

Qing Wang, Tian Xie, Meng Luo, Junhong Bai, Cong Chen, Zhonghua Ning, Baoshan Cui. How hydrological connectivity regulates the plant recovery process in salt marshes. Journal of Applied Ecology. 2021; 58 (6):1314-1324.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qing Wang; Tian Xie; Meng Luo; Junhong Bai; Cong Chen; Zhonghua Ning; Baoshan Cui. 2021. "How hydrological connectivity regulates the plant recovery process in salt marshes." Journal of Applied Ecology 58, no. 6: 1314-1324.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Chemosphere
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The integration of constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) and anaerobic granular sludge (AGS) is an important way to promote its ammonification efficiency and decrease the land use scale. This study explored the integration of CW-MFC and AGS for nitrogen removal via the intensified ammonification-nitrification-denitrification processes with initial NH3-N, NO3-N, Org-N and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations of 10.5, 13.8, 21.4, and 45.7 mg L-1 in wastewater. Two reactors with AGS inoculated with a separated area (R1) and directly inoculated into gravel substrate (R2) were designed, respectively. Results showed that chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency could reach 85% in R1 and 81% in R2, and the conversion of Org-N to NH3-N and NO3-N to gaseous nitrogen were 80% and 90%, respectively. Although the conversion efficiency of NH3-N to NO2-N/NO3-N via nitrification process was only 18%, it could reach 45%, 94%, and 98% with the aeration rates of 50-, 100-, and 200-mL min-1. According to microstructural property and microbial community analyses, the separation gravel substrate and AGS areas in R1 availed for stable particle size of AGS, archaeal diversity, and metabolic activity even with a 1.5 times daily wastewater treatment capacity than that of R2. Overall, although the intensified ammonification-nitrification-denitrification processes for nitrogen removal could be achieved with supplementary aeration, further investigation is still needed to explore other substrate materials and high CW-MFC/AGS volume ratio for intensified nitrification process in CW-MFC associated with AGS.

ACS Style

Cong-Yun Zhu; Jun-Feng Wang; Qu-Sheng Li; Li-Li Wang; Guan-Hui Tang; Bao-Shan Cui; Junhong Bai. Integration of CW-MFC and anaerobic granular sludge to explore the intensified ammonification-nitrification-denitrification processes for nitrogen removal. Chemosphere 2021, 278, 130428 .

AMA Style

Cong-Yun Zhu, Jun-Feng Wang, Qu-Sheng Li, Li-Li Wang, Guan-Hui Tang, Bao-Shan Cui, Junhong Bai. Integration of CW-MFC and anaerobic granular sludge to explore the intensified ammonification-nitrification-denitrification processes for nitrogen removal. Chemosphere. 2021; 278 ():130428.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cong-Yun Zhu; Jun-Feng Wang; Qu-Sheng Li; Li-Li Wang; Guan-Hui Tang; Bao-Shan Cui; Junhong Bai. 2021. "Integration of CW-MFC and anaerobic granular sludge to explore the intensified ammonification-nitrification-denitrification processes for nitrogen removal." Chemosphere 278, no. : 130428.

Journal article
Published: 17 March 2021 in Science of The Total Environment
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The mechanisms of biogeomorphic feedbacks and its influencing factors have been extensively studied for pioneer species colonization in tidal environment. However, biogeomorphic impacts of alien species over the entire invasion process coupled with hydro-geomorphologic processes and ecoengineering traits still lack sufficient understanding to forecast salt marsh succession. In this study, we developed a bio-hydrogeomorphic model to account for the tidal platform evolution and vegetation distribution under Spartina alterniflora invasion in the Yellow River Delta, China. Our field observation and modelling results revealed that salt marsh transformed from a stabilized to a self-organized system due to the significant geomorphic-biological feedback under Spartina alterniflora invasion. Tidal channels took shape differently along the elevation gradient of the intertidal platform. Patch-scale feedbacks promoted the channel initiation in the low-elevated zone during early colonization phase. While landscape-scale feedbacks dominated channel incision in the middle to high platform during the mature phase. Specifically, the channel initiation in the middle-elevated ecotone could be attributed to the change from homogenous sheet flow to concentrated channel flow along the marsh edge, which was determined by tidal prism and discrepancy in organism traits. Hence, our study showed that scale-dependent feedback and gaps in ecoengineering capacity of organism determined the morphological variation in the invasive ecosystem. This would provide the insights into biogeomorphic impacts of invasive species and scientific conservation for native ecosystems.

ACS Style

Dawei Wang; Junhong Bai; Chuanhui Gu; Weilun Gao; Cheng Zhang; Zhaoning Gong; Baoshan Cui. Scale-dependent biogeomorphic feedbacks control the tidal marsh evolution under Spartina alterniflora invasion. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 776, 146495 .

AMA Style

Dawei Wang, Junhong Bai, Chuanhui Gu, Weilun Gao, Cheng Zhang, Zhaoning Gong, Baoshan Cui. Scale-dependent biogeomorphic feedbacks control the tidal marsh evolution under Spartina alterniflora invasion. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 776 ():146495.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dawei Wang; Junhong Bai; Chuanhui Gu; Weilun Gao; Cheng Zhang; Zhaoning Gong; Baoshan Cui. 2021. "Scale-dependent biogeomorphic feedbacks control the tidal marsh evolution under Spartina alterniflora invasion." Science of The Total Environment 776, no. : 146495.

Journal article
Published: 24 February 2021 in Applied Energy
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Sharp increases in energy consumption have led to increases in fine particulate matter emissions in the Jing-Jin-Ji region. In this study, PM2.5 emissions of various sectors were assessed from the production-, consumption-, and income-based perspectives by multiple principles accounting analysis. The key drivers of PM2.5 emission changes were identified by structural decomposition analysis, then the flow patterns were determined by input–output analysis. Consumption-based and income-based accounting methods were used to investigate PM2.5 emissions for 21 sectors using the production-based emission inventory in the Greenhouse Gas Air Pollution Interaction and Synergies model for the Jing-Jin-Ji region and an environmentally extended input–output framework. Structural decomposition analysis was then used to identify the socioeconomic drivers of changes in PM2.5 emissions in the Jing-Jin-Ji region between 2002 and 2015 from consumption- and income-based perspectives. Inter-provincial flow patterns for consumption-driven and supply-driven PM2.5 emissions were then identified by performing input–output analysis. The results indicated that transport and storage, electricity, hot water, gas, and water production and supply and services are the key sectors emitting PM2.5 from the production-, consumption-, and income-based perspectives, respectively. The emission intensity is a crucial socioeconomic driver affecting changes in PM2.5 emissions. The inter-provincial PM2.5 flow results indicated that Beijing is a consumption- and supply-driven net importer of PM2.5 emissions and Hebei is a net exporter. The results will help in the development of measures to mitigate demand-side and supply-side PM2.5 emissions and of coordinated multi-regional policies for the Jing-Jin-Ji region.

ACS Style

Yajing Li; Bin Chen; Delin Fang; Boyu Zhang; Junhong Bai; Gengyuan Liu; Yan Zhang. Drivers of energy-related PM2.5 emissions in the Jing-Jin-Ji region between 2002 and 2015. Applied Energy 2021, 288, 116668 .

AMA Style

Yajing Li, Bin Chen, Delin Fang, Boyu Zhang, Junhong Bai, Gengyuan Liu, Yan Zhang. Drivers of energy-related PM2.5 emissions in the Jing-Jin-Ji region between 2002 and 2015. Applied Energy. 2021; 288 ():116668.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yajing Li; Bin Chen; Delin Fang; Boyu Zhang; Junhong Bai; Gengyuan Liu; Yan Zhang. 2021. "Drivers of energy-related PM2.5 emissions in the Jing-Jin-Ji region between 2002 and 2015." Applied Energy 288, no. : 116668.

Original research
Published: 16 January 2021 in GCB Bioenergy
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Biochar produced by pyrolysis of biomass under oxygen‐limited conditions has recently attracted increasing attention. To investigate the effects of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature on biochar characteristics, Phragmites australis straw and Spartina alterniflora straw were used to produce biochars at different temperatures from 300 to 500°C with an increment of 50°C. The biochars were characterized by their yields, ash contents, elemental compositions (i.e., carbon [C], hydrogen [H], oxygen [O], and nitrogen [N]), functional groups, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents, carbon sequestration potential, higher heating values (HHVs), and production costs. The results illustrated that pyrolysis temperature negatively affected biochar yields, H and O contents. In contrast, biochar produced at high temperature showed high ash contents, C contents, HHVs, and stronger aromaticity with low H/C and O/C ratios. In addition, S. alterniflora‐derived biochar (SB) contained higher ash content but lower C/H/N/O contents and HHVs than P. australis‐derived biochar (PB; p < 0.05). In addition, DOC contents in both SB and PB declined as temperature increased, and SB exhibited higher DOC contents than PB. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that absorption intensities of –OH, C=O, –CH, and –C–O–C‐stretching vibration declined with increasing temperature. The stability of the biochars was enhanced at high temperatures, and the biochar derived from S. alterniflora at 500°C might have a better carbon sequestration potential according to thermogravimetric analysis. Additionally, cost analysis showed that the production cost of biochar with large‐scale reactor was lower than that with bench‐scale reactor, and SB had a higher cost than PB due to the price of feedstock and drying process for the former. Our results could offer effective information on resource utilization of P. australis and S. alterniflora straw and are valuable for optimizing pyrolysis temperature to tune P. australis and S. alterniflora biochar properties for specific environmental usage.

ACS Style

Wei Wang; Junhong Bai; Qiongqiong Lu; Guangliang Zhang; Dawei Wang; Jia Jia; Yanan Guan; Lu Yu. Pyrolysis temperature and feedstock alter the functional groups and carbon sequestration potential of Phragmites australis ‐ and Spartina alterniflora ‐derived biochars. GCB Bioenergy 2021, 13, 493 -506.

AMA Style

Wei Wang, Junhong Bai, Qiongqiong Lu, Guangliang Zhang, Dawei Wang, Jia Jia, Yanan Guan, Lu Yu. Pyrolysis temperature and feedstock alter the functional groups and carbon sequestration potential of Phragmites australis ‐ and Spartina alterniflora ‐derived biochars. GCB Bioenergy. 2021; 13 (3):493-506.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Wang; Junhong Bai; Qiongqiong Lu; Guangliang Zhang; Dawei Wang; Jia Jia; Yanan Guan; Lu Yu. 2021. "Pyrolysis temperature and feedstock alter the functional groups and carbon sequestration potential of Phragmites australis ‐ and Spartina alterniflora ‐derived biochars." GCB Bioenergy 13, no. 3: 493-506.

Journal article
Published: 21 November 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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Soil fungal communities drive diverse ecological processes and are critical in maintaining ecosystems' stability, but the effects of plant invasion on soil fungal diversity, community composition, and functional groups are not well understood. Here, we investigated soil fungal communities in a salt marsh ecosystem with both native (Suaeda salsa) and exotic (Spartina alterniflora) species in the Yellow River Delta. We characterized fungal diversity based on the PCR-amplified Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) DNA sequences from soil extracted total DNA. The plant invasion evidently decreased fungal richness and phylogenetic diversity and significantly altered the taxonomic community composition (indicated by the permutation test, P < 0.001). Co-occurrence networks between fungal species showed fewer network links but were more assembled because of the high modularity after the invasion. As indicated by the fungal Bray-Curtis and weighted UniFrac distances, the fungal community became homogenized with the invasion. FUNGuild database analyses revealed that the invaded sites had a higher proportion of saprophytic fungi, suggesting higher organic matter decomposition potential with the invasion. The plant invasion dramatically inhibited the growth of pathogenic fungi, which may facilitate the expansion of invasive plants in the intertidal habitats. Soil pH and salinity were identified as the most important edaphic factors in shaping the fungal community structures in the context of Spartina alterniflora invasion. Overall, this study elucidates the linkage between plant invasion and soil fungal communities and poses potential consequences for fungal contribution to ecosystem function, including the decomposition of soil organic substrates.

ACS Style

Guangliang Zhang; Junhong Bai; Christoph C. Tebbe; Laibin Huang; Jia Jia; Wei Wang; Xin Wang; Lu Yu; Qingqing Zhao. Spartina alterniflora invasions reduce soil fungal diversity and simplify co-occurrence networks in a salt marsh ecosystem. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 758, 143667 .

AMA Style

Guangliang Zhang, Junhong Bai, Christoph C. Tebbe, Laibin Huang, Jia Jia, Wei Wang, Xin Wang, Lu Yu, Qingqing Zhao. Spartina alterniflora invasions reduce soil fungal diversity and simplify co-occurrence networks in a salt marsh ecosystem. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 758 ():143667.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guangliang Zhang; Junhong Bai; Christoph C. Tebbe; Laibin Huang; Jia Jia; Wei Wang; Xin Wang; Lu Yu; Qingqing Zhao. 2020. "Spartina alterniflora invasions reduce soil fungal diversity and simplify co-occurrence networks in a salt marsh ecosystem." Science of The Total Environment 758, no. : 143667.

Special issue article
Published: 18 October 2020 in Environmental Microbiology
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Soil salinity acts as a critical environmental filter on microbial communities, but the consequences for microbial diversity and biogeochemical processes are poorly understood. Here, we characterized soil bacterial communities and microbial functional genes in a coastal estuarine wetland ecosystem across a gradient (~ 5 km) ranging from oligohaline to hypersaline habitats by applying the PCR‐amplified 16S rRNA genes sequencing and microarray‐based GeoChip 5.0, respectively. Results showed that saline soils in marine intertidal and supratidal zone exhibited higher bacterial richness and Faith's phylogenetic diversity than that in the freshwater‐affected habitats. The relative abundance of taxa assigned to Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes was higher with increasing salinity, while those affiliated with Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Cyanobacteria were more prevalent in wetland soils with low salinity. The phylogenetic inferences demonstrated the deterministic role of salinity filtering on the bacterial community assembly processes. The abundance of most functional genes involved in carbon degradation and nitrogen cycling correlated negatively with salinity, except for the hzo gene, suggesting a critical role of the anammox process in tidal affected zones. Overall, the salinity filtering effect shapes the soil bacterial community composition, and soil salinity act as a critical inhibitor in the soil biogeochemical processes in estuary ecosystems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Guangliang Zhang; Junhong Bai; Christoph C. Tebbe; Qingqing Zhao; Jia Jia; Wei Wang; Xin Wang; Lu Yu. Salinity controls soil microbial community structure and function in coastal estuarine wetlands. Environmental Microbiology 2020, 23, 1020 -1037.

AMA Style

Guangliang Zhang, Junhong Bai, Christoph C. Tebbe, Qingqing Zhao, Jia Jia, Wei Wang, Xin Wang, Lu Yu. Salinity controls soil microbial community structure and function in coastal estuarine wetlands. Environmental Microbiology. 2020; 23 (2):1020-1037.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guangliang Zhang; Junhong Bai; Christoph C. Tebbe; Qingqing Zhao; Jia Jia; Wei Wang; Xin Wang; Lu Yu. 2020. "Salinity controls soil microbial community structure and function in coastal estuarine wetlands." Environmental Microbiology 23, no. 2: 1020-1037.

Research article
Published: 17 October 2020 in Land Degradation & Development
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As the invasive species in the Yellow River Delta, S. alterniflora has led to a great threat to local ecosystems, but there are few studies on the growth scale, habitat structural changes, and expansion pattern of S. alterniflora. In this study, the native and invasive species in the Yellow River Delta were examined for their spatiotemporal characteristics and succession pattern. First, the multi‐temporal Sentinel‐2 and Landsat‐8 images from 2018 were selected. A random forest algorithm was used to verify the image spectral band significance and separability to determine the native and invasive species. Then, the spatiotemporal variation of habitat structure of the species was discussed in depth from the perspective of landscape ecology. Finally, the expansion direction and expansion mode of S. alterniflora were further analyzed. Main results were obtained as follows: (1) Sentinel‐2 images with red edge bands had obvious advantages in vegetation community extraction as compared to Landsat‐8 images (Sentinel‐2, OA = 82.86%, Kappa coefficient = 0.79; Landsat‐8, OA = 78.77%, Kappa coefficient = 0.74). (2) The expansion pattern of the S. alterniflora community became spatially continuous, more regularized and aggregated overtime. (3) The expansion in the north shore mainly faced to the sea, and the south bank mainly faced to the land, and this phenomena was closely related to the sedimentation of the Yellow River Delta. Marginal and external expansion both occurred, but marginal expansion predominated. The results have important theoretical and scientific value for the environmental protection and sustainable development of the entire Yellow River Delta. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Zhaoning Gong; Cheng Zhang; Lei Zhang; Junhong Bai; Demin Zhou. Assessing spatiotemporal characteristics of native and invasive species with multi‐temporal remote sensing images in the Yellow River Delta, China. Land Degradation & Development 2020, 32, 1338 -1352.

AMA Style

Zhaoning Gong, Cheng Zhang, Lei Zhang, Junhong Bai, Demin Zhou. Assessing spatiotemporal characteristics of native and invasive species with multi‐temporal remote sensing images in the Yellow River Delta, China. Land Degradation & Development. 2020; 32 (3):1338-1352.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhaoning Gong; Cheng Zhang; Lei Zhang; Junhong Bai; Demin Zhou. 2020. "Assessing spatiotemporal characteristics of native and invasive species with multi‐temporal remote sensing images in the Yellow River Delta, China." Land Degradation & Development 32, no. 3: 1338-1352.

Journal article
Published: 05 October 2020 in Ecological Indicators
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Groundwater tables and soil salinity can greatly affect the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen by altering soil physicochemical properties. Coastal wetlands with different plant cover types (including bare land, Phragmites australis, and Suaeda salsa wetlands) and groundwater table wetlands (including low groundwater table, medium groundwater table, and high groundwater table wetlands) were investigated in 2012–2013 to characterize the spatial and temporal changes and the effects of groundwater tables on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the Yellow River Estuary, China. The results showed that SOCs in 2012 was higher than that in 2013 regardless of the groundwater tables, while TNs was higher in 2013 than in 2012 except in the BL soil with low groundwater tables and the PA wetlands with middle groundwater tables. The SOCs and TNs were mainly concentrated in the top 20 cm soils. SOCc and TNc were fitted very well with soil depth by the general linear fit (p < 0.01). The Lorentz models were ideal for the relationships among SOC, TN and electrical conductivity (EC), indicating that certain EC values could improve carbon and nitrogen accumulation. The theoretical threshold of EC for the maximum SOC and SOCs was 2.2 ms/cm, and the maximum TN and TNs highly depended on groundwater tables (0.9–1.0 ms/cm for LW, 1.6–1.8 ms/cm for MW and 3.0 ms/cm for HW). The general linear model results showed that SOC was positively correlated with TN at the same groundwater table (p < 0.01). Additionally, a positive linear relationship was also observed among SOC, TN and silt + clay contents for all groundwater tables (p < 0.05). These findings indicated that carbon and nitrogen stocks might be regulated by groundwater tables and salinity to improve carbon sinks in coastal wetlands.

ACS Style

Yanan Guan; Junhong Bai; Junjing Wang; Wei Wang; Xin Wang; Ling Zhang; Xiaowen Li; Xinhui Liu. Effects of groundwater tables and salinity levels on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen accumulation in coastal wetlands with different plant cover types in a Chinese estuary. Ecological Indicators 2020, 121, 106969 .

AMA Style

Yanan Guan, Junhong Bai, Junjing Wang, Wei Wang, Xin Wang, Ling Zhang, Xiaowen Li, Xinhui Liu. Effects of groundwater tables and salinity levels on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen accumulation in coastal wetlands with different plant cover types in a Chinese estuary. Ecological Indicators. 2020; 121 ():106969.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanan Guan; Junhong Bai; Junjing Wang; Wei Wang; Xin Wang; Ling Zhang; Xiaowen Li; Xinhui Liu. 2020. "Effects of groundwater tables and salinity levels on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen accumulation in coastal wetlands with different plant cover types in a Chinese estuary." Ecological Indicators 121, no. : 106969.

Research article
Published: 30 September 2020 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Soil phosphorus fractions in wetland ecosystems have received increasing attention due to its high eutrophication risks. Soil samples were collected to 40 cm depth in three sampling seasons to investigate the seasonal dynamics of organic and inorganic phosphorus fractions, bioavailability, and relationship between those and soil properties in a seasonal-flooding wetland in the Yellow River Estuary. The results showed that inorganic phosphorus (IP) and organic phosphorus (OP) contents exhibited much higher levels in the top 10 cm soils, and declined along soil profiles in spring. IP kept constant along soil profiles in fall, while OP decreased in summer and fall. They were greatly affected by water content (WC), pH, Cl−/SO42−, soil organic matter (SOM), and electrical conductivity (EC). Middle labile organic phosphorus (MLOP) and non-labile organic phosphorus (NLOP) accounted for higher percentages of total OP in summer and fall respectively than labile organic phosphorus (LOP) in spring. MLOP and NLOP levels showed a decrease along soil profiles in spring and in spring/fall, respectively, while NLOP significantly increased with depth in summer. Ca-P was the dominant IP fraction in all soils in three sampling seasons, declined with depth in spring/fall and increased in summer. Comparatively, soluble/loosely-P(S/L-P) generally decreased with depth along soil profiles in three sampling seasons. And residual P (Res-P) kept little change with depth in spring. Fe/Al-P levels decreased firstly and then increased with depth in spring and summer. Available phosphorus and potential bioavailable phosphorus contents decreased with depth in spring and summer not in fall, and had a strong significant positive correlation with WC and SOM. Alkaline phosphatase not acid phosphatase was the key factor influencing soil MLOP levels. Generally, the fractions and bioavailability of phosphorus as well as phosphatase in this region were affected by soil depth, sampling seasons, and soil properties (e.g., WC, pH, Cl−/SO42−, SOM, and EC).

ACS Style

Ling Zhang; Tao Zhuang; Junhong Bai; Xiaofei Ye; Dawei Wang; Wei Wang; Yanan Guan. Dynamics of phosphorus fractions and potential bioavailability along soil profiles from seasonal-flooding wetlands in a Chinese estuary. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 28, 6549 -6560.

AMA Style

Ling Zhang, Tao Zhuang, Junhong Bai, Xiaofei Ye, Dawei Wang, Wei Wang, Yanan Guan. Dynamics of phosphorus fractions and potential bioavailability along soil profiles from seasonal-flooding wetlands in a Chinese estuary. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 28 (6):6549-6560.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ling Zhang; Tao Zhuang; Junhong Bai; Xiaofei Ye; Dawei Wang; Wei Wang; Yanan Guan. 2020. "Dynamics of phosphorus fractions and potential bioavailability along soil profiles from seasonal-flooding wetlands in a Chinese estuary." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 6: 6549-6560.

Journal article
Published: 11 September 2020 in Marine Pollution Bulletin
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Sea-level rise and overfishing could enhance the strength of hydrological connectivity and the presence of herbivores, resulting in salt marsh loss through physical stress and trophic cascade effects. Our aim was to estimate the effects of these two stresses on autochthonous producers. Survivorship and biomass of Suaeda salsa (S. salsa) were the lowest in areas with high hydrological connectivity, whereas the highest biomass was observed in the areas with moderate connectivity. The biomass of benthic microalgae was higher under low hydrological connectivity and no herbivores. The interactive effects between hydrological connectivity and herbivores on S. salsa but not on benthic microalgae were observed. Herbivores were somewhat (28%) important for the survival of initial S. salsa seedlings, while hydrological connectivity controlled (50%) the biomass of benthic microalgae. Our study highlights that, the autochthonous producers in coastal salt marshes may disappear due to strong hydrological connectivity and the excessive presence of herbivores.

ACS Style

Shuo Yin; Junhong Bai; Xin Wang; Xinyan Wang; Guangliang Zhang; Jia Jia; Xiaowen Li; Xinhui Liu. Hydrological connectivity and herbivores control the autochthonous producers of coastal salt marshes. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2020, 160, 111638 .

AMA Style

Shuo Yin, Junhong Bai, Xin Wang, Xinyan Wang, Guangliang Zhang, Jia Jia, Xiaowen Li, Xinhui Liu. Hydrological connectivity and herbivores control the autochthonous producers of coastal salt marshes. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2020; 160 ():111638.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shuo Yin; Junhong Bai; Xin Wang; Xinyan Wang; Guangliang Zhang; Jia Jia; Xiaowen Li; Xinhui Liu. 2020. "Hydrological connectivity and herbivores control the autochthonous producers of coastal salt marshes." Marine Pollution Bulletin 160, no. : 111638.

Journal article
Published: 10 August 2020 in CATENA
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As an important component of global change, plant invasion threaten the sustainability of global ecosystems and may alter the carbon dynamics in the invaded area. Knowledge of the effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stocks and their profile distribution is limited in coastal salt marshes, which are referred as important “blue carbon” ecosystems. A short-term invasion chronosequence of 2–10 years was used to evaluate the responses of SOC and SIC over the invasion period in the Yellow River Estuary, China. The 13C isotope content was analyzed in soil, plant tissue, and sediment debris to infer the contribution of invasion to SOC accumulation in the invaded salt marshes. The results showed that more than 80% of the soil C was inorganic, and this percentage was higher in native sites and in the newly invaded areas. SOC accumulated linearly with the invasive time in the top 100 cm soil. The SOC accumulation rate varied along the soil profile, and was 0.10, 0.13, and 0.40 kg C m−2 yr−1 in the top 20cm, 40cm, 100cm soils, respectively. The 13C isotope analysis demonstrated that debris-derived C was dominant in the native salt marshes (62.2% on average), while plant-derived C increased with the invasive time. Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that the SIC loss in the top 40 cm with invasion could be indirectly attributed to the soil acidification in the alkaline soil and directly related to soil Ca loss. Our results also suggested that SIC loss would partially offset the CO2 sequestration associated with SOC burial caused by the invasion. This work indicates causal relationships between plant invasions and soil carbon pools and highlights the nonnegligible importance of inorganic C in coastal blue carbon budgets.

ACS Style

Guangliang Zhang; Junhong Bai; Qingqing Zhao; Jia Jia; Xin Wang; Wei Wang; Xinyan Wang. Soil carbon storage and carbon sources under different Spartina alterniflora invasion periods in a salt marsh ecosystem. CATENA 2020, 196, 104831 .

AMA Style

Guangliang Zhang, Junhong Bai, Qingqing Zhao, Jia Jia, Xin Wang, Wei Wang, Xinyan Wang. Soil carbon storage and carbon sources under different Spartina alterniflora invasion periods in a salt marsh ecosystem. CATENA. 2020; 196 ():104831.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guangliang Zhang; Junhong Bai; Qingqing Zhao; Jia Jia; Xin Wang; Wei Wang; Xinyan Wang. 2020. "Soil carbon storage and carbon sources under different Spartina alterniflora invasion periods in a salt marsh ecosystem." CATENA 196, no. : 104831.

Journal article
Published: 08 August 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Coastal wetlands serve as huge blue carbon sinks, whereas intense anthropogenic activities greatly changed the carbon sequestration, and then influenced carbon metabolism in coastal regions. Therefore, it’s essential to explore carbon metabolism from the perspective by integrating coastal ecosystems and socio-economic systems, thus identifying the key nodes for adapting to climate change. We used ecological network analysis (ENA) by the interaction and feedbacks of costal ecosystems and socio-economic system to trace the carbon flows for a typical wetland city in the Yellow River Delta, China, during 1995–2015. We found that the total carbon inputs showed an overall growing trend, which increased to 1.4 times its value. Although decreased by 15% in the coastal ecosystem, carbon inputs increased to 1.8 times in the socio-economic system. Carbon sequestration of coastal wetlands decreased by 43%, while carbon emission increased to 3.0 times its initial value in the coastal region. Heavy industry, crude oil, and atmosphere accounted for approximately 29%, 17%, and 9%, respectively, which most strongly influenced the network as the key nodes. Although the small direct flows of the macrophytes, they totally accounted for about 14%, whose effects could not be ignored for the coupled network. Network mutualism index for carbon metabolism was around 1.3. The ecological relationship distributions were basically the same in the study period, following the sequence of exploitation/control, mutualism and competition relationship. Based on the network control analysis, socio-economic sectors had the great control on atmosphere, and were mainly dependent on wetland resources suppliers. This study identified the key nodes and pathways in the coastal region metabolism system, and thus provided the targeted suggestions for policymakers to manage these nodes for wetland conservation and the sustainable development of coastal regions.

ACS Style

Yanan Guan; Junhong Bai; Xin Tian; Liehui Zhi; Zibo Yu. Integrating ecological and socio-economic systems by carbon metabolism in a typical wetland city of China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 279, 123342 .

AMA Style

Yanan Guan, Junhong Bai, Xin Tian, Liehui Zhi, Zibo Yu. Integrating ecological and socio-economic systems by carbon metabolism in a typical wetland city of China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 279 ():123342.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanan Guan; Junhong Bai; Xin Tian; Liehui Zhi; Zibo Yu. 2020. "Integrating ecological and socio-economic systems by carbon metabolism in a typical wetland city of China." Journal of Cleaner Production 279, no. : 123342.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2020 in Wetlands
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The concentrations of As, Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb were analyzed to assess their pollution levels and toxic risks in different wetlands affected by urbanization. The results showed that As and heavy metals (especially Cd) showed higher concentrations in urban and rural river wetland sediments compared with artificial wetland soils. Comparatively, urban river wetland sediments contained higher Cu, Pb and Zn and lower As and Cd levels than rural river wetland sediments and artificial wetland soils. Cu, Pb, Zn, soil/sediment organic matter (SOM) and total phosphorous (TP) were all positively correlated with each other. The highest geoaccumulation indexes and pollution levels were observed in urban river wetlands, followed by rural river wetlands, while artificial wetlands showed the lowest values. In urban and rural river wetlands, the enrichment factor (EF) values for As and heavy metals exceeded 1.5, implying that they might be mostly from anthropogenic sources. In artificial wetlands, the EF values suggested that only Cd was mainly from anthropogenic sources. The sum of toxic units (ΣTUs) values showed that As and heavy metals in both river wetland sediments had moderate toxic risks with ΣTUs values exceeding 4, while a low toxicity risk was observed in artificial wetland soils.

ACS Style

Chongyu Yan; Tao Zhuang; Junhong Bai; Xiaojun Wen; Qiongqiong Lu; Ling Zhang. Assessment of As, Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb Pollution and Toxicity in River Wetland Sediments and Artificial Wetland Soils Affected by Urbanization in a Chinese Delta. Wetlands 2020, 40, 2799 -2809.

AMA Style

Chongyu Yan, Tao Zhuang, Junhong Bai, Xiaojun Wen, Qiongqiong Lu, Ling Zhang. Assessment of As, Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb Pollution and Toxicity in River Wetland Sediments and Artificial Wetland Soils Affected by Urbanization in a Chinese Delta. Wetlands. 2020; 40 (6):2799-2809.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chongyu Yan; Tao Zhuang; Junhong Bai; Xiaojun Wen; Qiongqiong Lu; Ling Zhang. 2020. "Assessment of As, Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb Pollution and Toxicity in River Wetland Sediments and Artificial Wetland Soils Affected by Urbanization in a Chinese Delta." Wetlands 40, no. 6: 2799-2809.

Wetlands restoration
Published: 19 July 2020 in Wetlands
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Topographic heterogeneity provides a potential opportunity for seedling recruitment in the disturbance-dynamic ecosystem. Micro-topography manipulation is the typical way to imitate or recover the natural topographic heterogeneity for the degraded salt marsh restoration. However, it is still not clear how different micro-topographic structures work along the lateral gradient of a tidal creek. In this study, we performed three micro-topographic treatments, i.e., hollow topography, fine and coarse biotic grille structures, to restore the degraded Suaeda salsa wetlands. The results showed that the effectiveness of micro-topography restorations varied with structures and elevation levels. The hollow topography performed well in high marshes by relieving salinity stress and enhancing seeds retention. Moreover, in middle and low marshes, fine biotic grille structure improved the seeds retention and soil conditions better, including soil salinity and moisture, which were critical physico-chemical factors for Suaeda salsa biomass restoration according to redundancy analysis. In contrast, coarse biotic grille structure showed little significance on Suaeda salsa restoration. The findings of this work emphasized that seeds retention and post local soil conditions were significant aspects for salt marsh restoration. Meanwhile, it provided an alternative design for micro-topographic structures by native biotic materials in the complex and dynamic salt marshes.

ACS Style

Dawei Wang; Junhong Bai; Wei Wang; Xu Ma; Yanan Guan; Chuanhui Gu; Shuyan Zhang; Feng Lu. Micro-Topography Manipulations Facilitate Suaeda Salsa Marsh Restoration along the Lateral Gradient of a Tidal Creek. Wetlands 2020, 40, 1657 -1666.

AMA Style

Dawei Wang, Junhong Bai, Wei Wang, Xu Ma, Yanan Guan, Chuanhui Gu, Shuyan Zhang, Feng Lu. Micro-Topography Manipulations Facilitate Suaeda Salsa Marsh Restoration along the Lateral Gradient of a Tidal Creek. Wetlands. 2020; 40 (5):1657-1666.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dawei Wang; Junhong Bai; Wei Wang; Xu Ma; Yanan Guan; Chuanhui Gu; Shuyan Zhang; Feng Lu. 2020. "Micro-Topography Manipulations Facilitate Suaeda Salsa Marsh Restoration along the Lateral Gradient of a Tidal Creek." Wetlands 40, no. 5: 1657-1666.

Journal article
Published: 19 July 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Dynamics of sulfur forms in the surface soils were investigated in the seasonal flooding wetlands (SEW), short-term flooding wetlands (SHW) and tidal flooding wetlands (TFW) effected by the water-sediment regulation event (WSRE) in the Yellow River Estuary from April to October of 2012. Our results demonstrated that the change trend of inorganic sulfur (IS) and total sulfur (TS) contents were consistent. TS and IS contents in SEW and SHW soils showed a decreased and then increased tendency in the whole sampling dates. TS and IS showed significant differences between the TFW and SEW soils (p < 0.05). H2O-S contents exhibited a “decreasing then increasing” trend after the WSRE (from July to October) in the SHW (7.86-19.23 mg/kg) and SEW (8.12-16.27 mg/kg) soils, whereas the TFW (21.35-30.58 mg/kg) soils showed an opposite trend after the WSRE. The dynamic variation tendency of Absorbed-S in the SHW (1.52-2.64 mg/kg), SEW (1.27-1.93 mg/kg) and TFW (2.06-2.89 mg/kg) before and after the WSRE were consistent with H2O-S. HCl-S contents in the SEW (4.13-6.72 mg/kg) soils showed a “double V” tendency before and after the WSRE. In the SHW (4.51-7.26 mg/kg) soils, HCl-S contents showed an increasing trend before the WSRE and a “decreasing then increasing” trend after the WSRE. Sulfide-S contents increased significant after the WSRE in the SHW, SEW and TFW soils. Compared to the SHW () soils, C-O-S showed a similar dynamic trend between the SEW and TFW soils. Dynamic variation trend of C-S concentration in the SHW, SEW and TFW were similar to that of TS. On the whole, the average contents of TS, IS and OS in the three flooding wetlands followed the order: TFW > SHW > SEW during the sampling period. Sulfur forms in the three wetlands followed the order: C-S > C-O-S > H2O-S > HCl-S > Absorbed-S > Sulfide-S. Compared to C-O-S, C-S was significantly correlated with TN and clay, explaining the prevalence of C-S over C-O-S in wetland soils in the Yellow River Estuary. The distribution of sulfur forms were mutual influenced by soil texture, organic matter, pH values, soil water and salinity.

ACS Style

Qiongqiong Lu; Junhong Bai; Denghua Yan; Baoshan Cui; Jianjun Wu. Sulfur forms in wetland soils with different flooding periods before and after flow-sediment regulation in the Yellow River Delta, China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 276, 122969 .

AMA Style

Qiongqiong Lu, Junhong Bai, Denghua Yan, Baoshan Cui, Jianjun Wu. Sulfur forms in wetland soils with different flooding periods before and after flow-sediment regulation in the Yellow River Delta, China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 276 ():122969.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qiongqiong Lu; Junhong Bai; Denghua Yan; Baoshan Cui; Jianjun Wu. 2020. "Sulfur forms in wetland soils with different flooding periods before and after flow-sediment regulation in the Yellow River Delta, China." Journal of Cleaner Production 276, no. : 122969.

Journal article
Published: 06 July 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The human activity of coastal reclamation for agriculture production has caused serious environmental pollution problems and threatened the sustainable development of coastal delta area. Top soils (0-10 cm) were collected to clarify the effect of reclamation years (100y, 40y, 30y and 10y) on heavy metal pollution in reclaimed wetlands and ditch wetlands in Nansha District of the Pearl River Delta in April 2015. Three parallel samples were also collected from each sample. As, Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb were analysed to assess their concentration levels compared with other deltas. Geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor values, new toxicity evaluation index and principal component analysis were also used in this study. Compared with the reclaimed wetland soils, the highest concentration of the selected elements were observed in the ditch wetland soils, with the value of Cd (1.97±0.38 mg/kg), As (18.21±4.61 mg/kg), Pb (68.56±6.28 mg/kg), Cu (103.98±23.38 mg/kg) and Zn (250.89±52.35 mg/kg). Meanwhile, the elevated concentrations of heavy metals under the reclamation periods of 10y and 30y were found in this two type wetland soils under 100y except for As and Cd, which indicated that the comprehensive interaction of physical and chemical properties of soil, geographical factors, river network transportation and human activities jointly regulated the changes of heavy metal accumulation with wetland types and reclamation years. The highest potential ecological risk were observed in ditch wetlands with Cd and Cu. The sum of the toxic units were lower than 4. The contributing ratio of As (18.66±3.23%) and Cd (12.97±1.73%) were enhanced according to the new toxicity evaluation index compared with the ratio of As (14.70±2.57%) and Cd (11.39±2.35%). All the enrichment factor values of Cd, Zn and Cu exceeded 1.5, implying a largely anthropogenic origin. However, the sources of As and Pb in the ditch and reclaimed wetland soils of the Pearl River Delta were generally controlled by the comprehensive effect of the natural, industrial and agricultural sources. Based on this results, key strategies including reducing the amount of pesticide and fertilizer and developing environment-friendly modern agriculture and clean production process were proposed for healthy development of the wetland ecosystem in the Pearl River Delta.

ACS Style

Qiongqiong Lu; Junhong Bai; Guangliang Zhang; Jianjun Wu. Effects of coastal reclamation history on heavy metals in different types of wetland soils in the Pearl River Delta: Levels, sources and ecological risks. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 272, 122668 .

AMA Style

Qiongqiong Lu, Junhong Bai, Guangliang Zhang, Jianjun Wu. Effects of coastal reclamation history on heavy metals in different types of wetland soils in the Pearl River Delta: Levels, sources and ecological risks. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 272 ():122668.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qiongqiong Lu; Junhong Bai; Guangliang Zhang; Jianjun Wu. 2020. "Effects of coastal reclamation history on heavy metals in different types of wetland soils in the Pearl River Delta: Levels, sources and ecological risks." Journal of Cleaner Production 272, no. : 122668.