In this paper we apply a model of technological diffusion, Future Technology Transformations in the Transport Sector (FTT: Transport), linked to the E3ME macroeconomic model, to study possible future technological transitions in personal passenger transport in four East Asian countries. We assess how targeted policies could impact on these transitions by defining four scenarios based on policies that aim to reduce emissions from transport. For each country we find that an integrated approach of tax incentives, subsidies, regulations (fuel economy efficiency), kick-start programs and biofuel programs yield the most significant emission reductions because, when combined, they accelerate effectively the diffusion of electric vehicles in the region.

Aquaculture has long been a significant industry in Taiwan, contributing significantly to the country’s GDP through both exports and domestic consumption. However, certain aquaculture practices have faced criticism due to their heavy groundwater usage, resulting in environmental damage such as land subsidence in the southwestern region of Taiwan. In order to change the industry’s negative environmental image and achieve the ambitious targets set by the Taiwanese government, including 20 GW of solar photovoltaic power by 2025 and net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, the utilization of aquaculture lands, particularly aquaculture ponds, has emerged as a promising option for solar power development. As the government promotes the symbiosis of aquaculture and solar PV power to attain its renewable energy goals, various stakeholders have engaged in discussions surrounding this approach. Consequently, it is crucial to assess the costs and benefits of such integrated practices from both economic and environmental perspectives, as it will play a pivotal role in shaping the future of the industry. A comparative analysis reveals that an aquaculture–electricity symbiosis with a capacity of 227 MW can further reduce carbon emissions by approximately 150,393.6 tons of CO2e per year, along with reductions of 56.8 tons/year of SOx, 82.3 tons/year of NOx, 3.7 tons/year of PM2.5, and 4.6 tons/year of PM10. These environmental benefits are equivalent to approximately TWD 7626.43 million annually. (Note: CO2e refers to carbon dioxide equivalent, SOx refers to sulfur oxides, NOx refers to nitrogen oxides, PM2.5 refers to fine particulate matter, and PM10 refers to particulate matter with a diameter of 10 μm or less).

The Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) concept involves having producers take environmental responsibility for post-consumer products. Based on this principle, the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive of the European Union, enacted in 2006, is the most representative management program in the world and the most popular recycling policy many countries follow. Taiwan’s version of EPR for WEEE recycling, set up in 1998, had a focus on recycling fees determined by a recycling fee equation. Nowadays, the equation takes into account the consideration of the environment in the designs of products, in addition to the cost needed for recycling. The environmental performance upgrades in products, encouraged by the financial incentives from these considerations, is a side-benefit of this program. In this paper, the functions of the recycling fee equation that consider environmental costs are reviewed. It was found that in spite of the difficulty in determining the real environmental costs in practice, pricing is a mechanism which helps us to consider the cost of e-waste recycling, not only in terms of labor and administration, but also environmental quality.